Individual Difference and Study-Specific Characteristics Influencing Attitudes about the Use of Animals in Medical Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roarke Pulcino ◽  
Bill Henry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractResearch has shown that both individual difference characteristics (e.g., sex, attachment to pets) and study-specific characteristics (e.g., type of animal used) influence the extent to which people support or oppose the use of animals in research. The current study examined how three study-specific characteristics (type of animal used, level of harm to the animal, and severity of the disease being investigated) influenced attitudes toward the use of animals in biomedical research. Participants read one of 27 scenarios describing the use of an animal in research. Scenarios systematically varied each of the study-specific characteristics described above. Participants then completed a survey to assess their support for, or opposition to, the research described. Data on attachment to pets and attitudes toward the treatment of animals were also collected. Analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for each of the study-specific characteristics. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the individual difference and study-specific characteristics accounted for 49% of the variability in opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research among men, and 37% among women. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Individual difference factors related to anthropomorphic tendency

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 973-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Letheren ◽  
Kerri-Ann L. Kuhn ◽  
Ian Lings ◽  
Nigel K. Ll. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Experiential Thinking ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
The Individual

Purpose This paper aims to addresses an important gap in anthropomorphism research by examining the individual-level factors that correlate with anthropomorphic tendency. Design/methodology/approach The extant psychology, marketing and consumer psychology literature is reviewed, and eight hypotheses devised. Data from 509 online survey respondents are analysed to identify individual characteristics associated with anthropomorphic tendency. Findings The results reveal that anthropomorphic tendency varies by individual and is significantly related to personality, age, relationship status, personal connection to animals and experiential thinking. Research limitations/implications This paper extends on recent research into the individual nature of anthropomorphic tendency, once thought to be a universal trait. Given that this paper is the first of its kind, testing of further traits is merited. It is suggested that future research further examine personality, as well as other elements of individual difference, and test the role of anthropomorphic tendency in the development of processing abilities with age. Practical implications Findings show that anthropomorphic tendency may prove to be a key variable in the segmentation of markets and the design of marketing communications, and that younger, single, more creative, conscientious consumers are an appropriate target for anthropomorphic messages. The importance of personal connection to animals, as well as experiential thinking, is also highlighted. Originality/value Given the importance of anthropomorphic tendency for the processing of messages involving non-human endorsers, as well as the formation of relevant attitudes and behaviours, this paper fulfils an identified need to further understand the characteristics of those high on this tendency.

scholarly journals Interaction effects of P-O fit and Machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
JongWon Lee ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
WanSuk Gim
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Person Organization Fit ◽  
Main Effects

This research has examined the main effects and interaction effect of person-organization fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics. This study was conducted by using sample of 396 public officers and analyzed the main and interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics by hierarchical regression analyses which controlled demographic factors. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, as P-O fit score increased, the degree of perceived organizational politics tended to decrease( =-.143, p<.01). Second, the higher level of machiavellism was, the lower perceived organizational politics( =.272, p<.001). Third, interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics was significant(⊿ =.024, p<.01). Furthermore, results of this study showed that among three sub-factors of P-O fit, only needs-supplies and demands- ability had a interaction effect with machiavellism(needs-supplies: ⊿ =.033, p<.001; demands-ability: ⊿ =.024, p<.01). Finally, implications of this study and tasks of future research were discussed.

Infant language predicts fathers’ vocabulary in infant-directed speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Jean QUIGLEY ◽  
Elizabeth NIXON
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Predictive Relations ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Infant Language

AbstractResearch on sources of individual difference in parental Infant-Directed Speech (IDS) is limited and there is a particular lack of research on fathers’ compared to mothers’ speech. This study examined the predictive relations between infant characteristics and variability in paternal lexical diversity (LD) in dyadic free play with two-year-olds (M = 24.1 months, SD = 1.39, 35 girls). Ten minutes of interaction for sixty-four father–infant dyads were transcribed and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of a set of distal and proximal sources of infant influence on paternal LD. Fathers’ LD was predicted only by infant language, both standardised language scores and dynamic language measures, and was not predicted by infant age, gender, executive function, or temperament. Findings are discussed in the light of the complex interplay of factors contributing to variability in IDS and the infant's linguistic environment.

Palatal Asymmetry in Cleft Palate Subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli V.J. Kilpeläinen ◽  
Maija T. Laine-Alava
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transverse Position

In subjects with different types of cleft palate, palatal shape and symmetry were evaluated utilizing the moiré contourography technique. The sample consisted of 95 subjects with cleft palate and 68 controls. The differences between cleft and control subjects in the transverse and anteroposterior location of the highest point of the palate, palatal axis angle, and the palatal index were assessed by analysis of variance. Effects of cleft type, gender, developmental stage of the dentition, missing teeth, and eight skeletal and pharyngeal cephalometric variables on palatal shape and symmetry were assessed using multiple-regression analyses. In comparison with the noncleft individuals, the cleft palate subjects showed parallel but clearly more remarkable asymmetry in palatal shape and position of the first maxillary molars. The anteroposterior location of the deepest point in the palate was more posterior, and the palate was relatively shallower. The severity of the cleft type affected both the anteroposterior and transverse position of the highest point in palatal morphology.

NIRSA Members' Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne M. Daprano ◽  
Donna L. Pastore ◽  
Carla A. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Organizational Effectiveness ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Systematic Sample

This study assessed National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) members' perceptions of effectiveness in a sport association. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which professional members of the NIRSA perceive it to be effective in achieving its stated and operative goals. A stratified systematic sample of professional NIRSA members ( N = 600) was selected to complete the survey. The survey was sent to NIRSA members who had 1 through 4 years of membership, 5 through 9 years of membership, and 10 or more years of membership in the association. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare perceptions of organizational effectiveness among the membership groups. No significant differences were found between the three membership groups and satisfaction. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between stated and operative goal effectiveness and satisfaction. Significant relationships were confirmed between satisfaction and several stated and operative goal factors.

Impacts of Maximizing Tendencies on Experience-Based Decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Bin Rim
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Searching ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Statistical Summary ◽  
Risky Decisions

Previous research on risky decisions has suggested that people tend to make different choices depending on whether they acquire the information from personally repeated experiences or from statistical summary descriptions. This phenomenon, called as a description–experience gap, was expected to be moderated by the individual difference in maximizing tendencies, a desire towards maximizing decisional outcome. Specifically, it was hypothesized that maximizers’ willingness to engage in extensive information searching would lead maximizers to make experience-based decisions as payoff distributions were given explicitly. A total of 262 participants completed four decision problems. Results showed that maximizers, compared to non-maximizers, drew more samples before making a choice but reported lower confidence levels on both the accuracy of knowledge gained from experiences and the likelihood of satisfactory outcomes. Additionally, maximizers exhibited smaller description–experience gaps than non-maximizers as expected. The implications of the findings and unanswered questions for future research were discussed.

Anger Expression: Parental and Cognitive Factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cox ◽  
N. L. Lopez ◽  
H. G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prosocial Skills ◽  
College Undergraduate ◽  
The Individual

The associations of parental moral disengagement, guilt, prosocial behavior, and anger, with their children's maladaptive anger was examined. 98 college undergraduate students and their parents participated. Both students and parents completed the Anger Response Inventory, the Mechanism of Moral Disengagement Scale, the Texas Social Behavior Inventory, the Fear of Punishment Scale, and the Need for Reparation Scale. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the students' variables which predicted maladaptive anger. Only moral disengagement was a predictor of the students' maladaptive anger. Subsequent multiple regression analyses were used to examine whether parental variables predict students' anger. Fathers' maladaptive anger, and prosocial skills were significantly related to students' maladaptive anger. Maternal variables produced an increase in the multiple R similar to the fathers', but none of the individual measures were significantly associated with the students' maladaptive anger.

scholarly journals The effect of score types on total score in trampoline gymnastics: Example of the European Championship in Sochi 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Sercin Kosova ◽  
Merve Koca Kosova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Individual

Background and Study Aim. Trampoline gymnastics has a versatile scoring system that has evolved and become more complex over the years. This study aimed to find the effect of the difficulty (D), execution (E), time of flight (TOF), and horizontal displacement (HD) scores on the total score in male and female trampoline gymnasts. Material and Methods. The results of the first round in the qualification round in the individual senior category of the 27th European Championships in Trampoline Gymnastics were used for evaluation. Multiple regression analysis (the enter method) was performed to build a model between the total score and D, E, TOF, and HD scores. Results. According to multiple regression analyses, respectively E, TOF, D, and HD scores were predictors of the total score in the men’s first routine, and D, E, TOF, and HD in the men’s second routine (p<0.05). Although women have the same ranking as the men of the second routines, respectively E, D, TOF, and HD scores were predictors of the first routine (p<0.05). Conclusions. The results show that the E score is critical for the first routines and the D score is critical for the second routines. The fact that the first and second routines were constructed with different strategies as per the competition rules may have caused this result. By reminding coaches and athletes of the fact that the types of scores can affect each other, it can be suggested that they adjust their target scores according to the type of routine and the stage and type of competition.

Does Assessment Alter Responses? An Examination of Measurement Reactivity in an Ecological Momentary Assessment of Body Comparisons

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-332
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Macintyre ◽  
Kristin E. Heron ◽  
Charlotte A. Dawson ◽  
Kelly B. Filipkowski ◽  
Danielle Arigo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Measurement Reactivity ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Body comparisons have been implicated in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder development. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to capture body comparisons in everyday life; however, the potential for measurement reactivity this approach has on EMA responses has yet to be examined. The present study systematically evaluated measurement reactivity in EMA of body comparisons. Methods: Undergraduate women (N = 75) completed four surveys daily for 11 days; Days 1–4 did not include comparison assessments and Days 5–11 did. Changes were examined in related EMA measures between these time periods and individual difference measures pre- and post-EMA. Results: A within-person MANOVA showed no significant change in the individual difference measures. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants reported fewer comparisons as day of study increased. When they completed EMA with versus without comparison items, they reported fewer occasions of loss of control while eating and less pleasant social company at time of assessment. Discussion: Findings suggest limited concern for reactivity in this approach, though researchers examining body comparisons, loss of control eating, and perceptions of social company should be cautious when interpreting their findings and consider examining reactivity directly. Future research on body comparisons should also consider using run-in periods to improve data quality.

scholarly journals Personality Predictors of Driver Vengeance

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Wickens ◽  
David L. Wiesenthal ◽  
James E.W. Roseborough
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Personality Predictors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Driver Stress ◽  
Final Block

The purpose of this study was to identify personality and individual difference measures related to driver vengeance, as measured by the Driver Vengeance Questionnaire (DVQ; Wiesenthal, Hennessy, & Gibson, 2000). There were 170 undergraduate students who completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires including the DVQ and measures of narcissism, impulsivity, and trait driver stress. A hierarchical linear regression predicting DVQ score revealed that being male (β = .25), narcissism (β = .19), and trait driver stress (β = .41) were significantly associated with vengeance. Impulsivity was significant in the third block of the regression but was not a significant predictor of vengeance in the final block. Interactions between gender and the individual difference measures were not significant. The final model accounted for 34% of the variance. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.

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