scholarly journals Interaction effects of P-O fit and Machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
JongWon Lee ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
WanSuk Gim
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Person Organization Fit ◽  
Main Effects

This research has examined the main effects and interaction effect of person-organization fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics. This study was conducted by using sample of 396 public officers and analyzed the main and interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics by hierarchical regression analyses which controlled demographic factors. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, as P-O fit score increased, the degree of perceived organizational politics tended to decrease( =-.143, p<.01). Second, the higher level of machiavellism was, the lower perceived organizational politics( =.272, p<.001). Third, interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics was significant(⊿ =.024, p<.01). Furthermore, results of this study showed that among three sub-factors of P-O fit, only needs-supplies and demands- ability had a interaction effect with machiavellism(needs-supplies: ⊿ =.033, p<.001; demands-ability: ⊿ =.024, p<.01). Finally, implications of this study and tasks of future research were discussed.

How job crafting relates to task performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Weseler ◽  
Cornelia Niessen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Differential Relations ◽  
And Task

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between extending and reducing job crafting behavior, cognitive crafting and task performance. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical regression analyses of data from 131 employee-supervisor pairs were conducted to analyze the differential relations of five job crafting dimensions to self- and supervisor-rated task performance. Findings – The present study shows that reduction behavior is rated as counterproductive, and extension behavior is rated as productive in terms of task performance by employees themselves. Supervisors rated task performance higher when employees extended their tasks, and lower when they reduced relationships. Research limitations/implications – Future research should test the hypotheses in a longitudinal setting and should focus processes that moderate the differential job crafting-task performance relationships. Originality/value – By distinguishing extending and reducing task and relational boundaries and cognitive crafting, the authors give first evidence to possible negative sides of job crafting.

Individual Difference and Study-Specific Characteristics Influencing Attitudes about the Use of Animals in Medical Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roarke Pulcino ◽  
Bill Henry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractResearch has shown that both individual difference characteristics (e.g., sex, attachment to pets) and study-specific characteristics (e.g., type of animal used) influence the extent to which people support or oppose the use of animals in research. The current study examined how three study-specific characteristics (type of animal used, level of harm to the animal, and severity of the disease being investigated) influenced attitudes toward the use of animals in biomedical research. Participants read one of 27 scenarios describing the use of an animal in research. Scenarios systematically varied each of the study-specific characteristics described above. Participants then completed a survey to assess their support for, or opposition to, the research described. Data on attachment to pets and attitudes toward the treatment of animals were also collected. Analysis of variance revealed significant main effects for each of the study-specific characteristics. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the individual difference and study-specific characteristics accounted for 49% of the variability in opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research among men, and 37% among women. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Synergistic Effect of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Physical Exercise in Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Warner ◽  
Jochen P. Ziegelmann ◽  
Benjamin Schüz ◽  
Susanne Wurm ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of the current study was to examine whether the effects of social support on physical exercise in older adults depend on individual perceptions of self-efficacy. Three hundred nine older German adults (age 65–85) were assessed at 3 points in time (3 months apart). In hierarchical-regression analyses, support received from friends and exercise self-efficacy were specified as predictors of exercise frequency while baseline exercise, sex, age, and physical functioning were controlled for. Besides main effects of self-efficacy and social support, an interaction between social support and self-efficacy emerged. People with low self-efficacy were less likely to be active in spite of having social support. People with low support were less likely to be active even if they were high in self-efficacy. This points to the importance of both social support and self-efficacy and implies that these resources could be targets of interventions to increase older adults’ exercise.

scholarly journals R-squared of a Latent Interaction in Structural Equation Model: A Tutorial of Using R

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lu Qin ◽  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Xinya Liang ◽  
Qianqian Pan
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
R Package ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Variance Explained

Mplus (Muth&eacute;n &amp; Muth&eacute;n, 1998 - 2017) is one popular statistical software to estimate the latent interaction effects using the latent moderated structural equation approach (LMS). However, the variance explained by a latent interaction that supports the interpretation of estimation results is not currently available from the Mplus output. To relieve human computations and to facilitate interpretations of latent interaction effects in social science research, we developed two functions (LIR &amp; LOIR) in the R package IRmplus to calculate the R-squared of a latent interaction above and beyond the first-order simple main effects in Structural Equation Modeling. This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide for applied researchers to estimating a latent interaction effect in Mplus, and to obtaining the R-squared of a latent interaction effect using the LIR &amp; LOIR functions. Example data and syntax are available online.

scholarly journals Carpoolers’ Perceived Accessibility of Carpooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8976
Author(s):  
Margareta Friman ◽  
Katrin Lättman ◽  
Lars E. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Low Levels

In order to constitute a realistic option to existing travel modes, carpooling needs to be able to offer adequate levels of accessibility. Insights into how carpooling services affect perceived accessibility up until now remain unexplored. In this study we explore carpooling experiences of 122 users in Sweden and examine a number of possible determinants of the perceived accessibility of carpooling. Results show that carpooling is not perceived by the users as particularly accessible with low levels across the sample. Moreover, multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses show that simplicity of travel, population density, years of education, and school and work-trips appear to affect perceptions of accessibility of carpooling, whereas travel time and cost appear not to. The final model explains a third of the variance in perceived accessibility of carpooling, thus nearly two thirds of the variation is still unaccounted for. Future research should explore further possible determinants of perceived accessibility of carpooling in order to explain, understand, and counteract the low levels of accessibility that appear to be linked to this specific travel mode.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relation between Karma, Qi, Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being among People in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Reddy Edara
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Relevant Factors

In addition to recognizing well-being as a multidimensional construct, the potential indicators of well-being also have been recognized as multivariate. Specifically, some recent studies have suggested that various indices of social beliefs, religious attitudes and spiritual practices have been said to be robustly associated with well-being. Therefore, given the overwhelming need for promoting well-being and an increasing recognition of the multivariate indicators of well-being, this research project attempted to evaluate the relation of Qi, karma, transcendental experiences, and spiritual practices with the subjective well-being of people in Taiwan. The relevant data from the national sample of 1,933 participants were subjected to factor analysis to extract relevant factors, which included social and religious attitudes of karma and Qi, spiritual indicators of transcendental experiences and spiritual practices, and positive indicators of subjective well-being. In addition to significant intercorrelations, the hierarchical regression analyses after controlling for demographics suggested that Qi had the highest contribution to subjective well-being, followed by spiritual practices, karma, and transcendental experiences. These results are discussed, their implications are elucidated, and the directions for future research are suggested.

The Gordian Knot of Disposition Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Grizzard ◽  
Jialing Huang ◽  
Changhyun Ahn ◽  
Kaitlin Fitzgerald ◽  
C. Joseph Francemone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Disposition Theory ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Affective Disposition ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Morally Ambiguous Characters ◽  
Affective Disposition Theory ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract. Morally ambiguous characters are often perceived to challenge Zillmann’s affective disposition theory of drama. At the heart of this challenge is the question: “To what extent can liking be independent of character morality?” The current study examines this question with a 2 (Disposition: Positive vs. Negative) × 3 (Character Type: Hero, Antihero, Villain) between-subjects factorial experiment that induces variance in liking and morality. We assess the influence of these orthogonal manipulations on measured liking and morality. Main effects of both manipulations on the measured variables emerged, with a significant correlation between measures. Regression analyses further confirm that liking is associated with perceived morality and vice versa. Because variance in morality was induced by the liking manipulation and variance in liking was induced by the morality manipulation, the assumptions of disposition theory regarding morality and liking seem accurate. Future research directions are provided that may help reconcile and integrate the seeming challenge of morally ambiguous characters with affective disposition theory.

Polynomial modeling of emergency department arrivals: An analysis of local and national utilization patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Mitchell Karpman, PhD ◽  
Nandakumar Menon, MD ◽  
Justin Turcotte, PhD, MBA
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data File ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Institutional Data ◽  
Main Effects

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding is a national problem that is associated with ambulance diversion, decreased patient and provider satisfaction and poor patient outcomes. This study presents a novel approach to modeling the relationship between time of day, day of week, and ED arrivals using a hierarchical polynomial regression model. A series of hierarchical regression models were created to determine polynomial effects and capture the covariability (defined as R2) of the relationships from the 2009 to 2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) Emergency Department Public Use Data File and institutional data from a regional medical center from 2018 to 2019. The following hierarchical regression models were constructed: cubic main effects, cubic interaction effects, quartic main effects, quartic interaction effects, quintic main effects, and quantic interaction effects. Based on maximal improvement in R2 and significance of each of the four effects in both the national and institutional data sets, the quartic main effects model was determined to be optimal for describing ED arrival patterns. In alignment with prior studies, significantly higher ED arrival volumes were observed on Mondays in comparison to all other weekdays.

scholarly journals Prediction of life stress on athletes’ burnout: the dual role of perceived stress

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Chyi ◽  
Frank Jing-Horng Lu ◽  
Erica T.W. Wang ◽  
Ya-Wen Hsu ◽  
Ko-Hsin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
College Student Athletes ◽  
Moderating Role

Although many studies adopted Smith’s (1986) cognitive–affective model of athletic burnout in examining stress–burnout relationship, very few studies examined the mediating/moderating role of perceived stress on the stress–burnout relationship. We sampled 195 college student-athletes and assessed their life stress, perceived stress, and burnout. Correlation analyses found all study variables correlated. Two separate hierarchical regression analyses found that the “distress” component of perceived stress mediated athletes’ two types of life stress–burnout relationship but “counter-stress” component of perceived stress-moderated athletes’ general-life stress–burnout relationship. We concluded that interweaving relationships among athletes’ life stress, perceived stress, and burnout are not straightforward. Future research should consider the nature of athletes life stress, and dual role of perceived stress in examining its’ association with related psychological responses in athletic settings.

scholarly journals Relationships between various Person-Environment Fit types and employees’ mental health

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-570
Author(s):  
Jinkook Tak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Person Organization Fit

This study investigated the relationships between various person-environment fit types and employees' mental health with a longitudinal data. I collected an initial survey data from 901 employees who had been with their organizations for 6 months at most and whose current organizations were their first employers. Of these respondents, only 297 responded to the second survey, 6 months after the first. Among these employees, 80 who left their companies were deleted. The results of correlational analyses showed that among three types of fit, person-organization fit correlated more strongly with mental health, life satisfaction, and burnout on the first and second surveys rather than did person-job fit and person-supervisor fit. Results of regression analyses also showed similar results. The implications, limitations, and future research of this study were discussed.

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