Economic Performance and Economic Growth in the Early Islamic World

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Shatzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Islamic Institutions

AbstractThe author argues that in the case of Islamic history, the growing interest in the economic theory of institutions and their role in economic growth has shifted the scholarly methodology from empirically based research, to theoretical models which favoured sweeping generalizations about the negative roles of the Islamic state and legal institution. Shatzmiller’s examinations of the role of Islamic institutions in periods of economic growth show that economic growth was visible in the key indicators of the Caliphate’s economy between ca. 750 and ca. 1100. The conclusion is that there was nothing intrinsic to Islamic institutions that impaired economic growth.

International Trade and Economic Performance in Tanzania: Further Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ally A. L. Kilindo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Spurious Regression ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Manufactured Goods

Abstract The study investigated the role of international trade in economic performance in Tanzania for the post reform period, from 1980 to 2018. International trade is measured by disaggregated imports and exports while economic performance is measured by GDP growth. Exports are disaggregated into manufactured goods and non-manufactured goods while imports are disaggregated into capital goods and intermediate goods. To obtain robust non-spurious regression results, Dickey-Fuller (D-F) and Phillips-Peron (PP) Unit Root tests were performed. Johansen Co-integration tests were employed to investigate long-run relationships between export, imports and economic growth. The Johansen test suggested a long-run relationship between international trade and its components and economic development. In addition, the Error Correction Model (ECM) results further supported a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Tanzania. This calls for further opening of the economy and further liberalisation of trade restrictions.

Recession and Economic Revival in Britain: The Role of Policy in the 1930s and 1980s

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kitson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Market Economics

During the 1980s economic policy in the UK increasingly embraced free-market economics. For many, this was a necessary shift which improved economic performance, whereas previous periods of increased intervention, such as the 1930s, had harmed the UK economy. This article takes an alternative perspective. It argues that economic revival in the 1930s was primarily policy-induced; whereas economic growth in the 1980s can be largely explained by the unintentional demand side-effects of policy, with many of the free-market policies having, at best, a neutral impact and, in some cases, harming the long-run growth potential of the economy.

The Quality of Government and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-377
Author(s):  
Pelle Ahlerup ◽  
Thushyanthan Baskaran ◽  
Arne Bigsten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the literature on the relationship between the quality of government (QoG) and economic growth. As there is limited evidence on the link between QoG narrowly defined and growth, our focus is on the role of related aspects, such as democracy, formal institutions, and cultural norms. We discuss institutional challenges in generating and sustaining high growth rates. We then review the evidence on how QoG, and related aspects of political and economic life, affect growth and pay attention to the relevant channels. We also discuss whether it is harder to sustain growth if it increases inequality. Since a government needs to be both efficient and impartial to support aggregate economic performance, we argue that it is too strict to let QoG be defined as impartiality only.

scholarly journals Has Albania's Economic Development Stalled? Investigating the Role of Institutional Factors in Albania's Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Myslym Osmani ◽  
Kledi Kodra ◽  
Drini Salko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Per Capita

This study focuses on the institutional factors of Albania's economic development, from a comparative, dynamic, and regional European perspective. We use longitudinal data for the years 2002, 2014, and 2019 and a small selection of 13 countries in the region and some EU member states. Descriptive statistics, graphical representation, and econometric modeling are used for data analysis. The purpose of the study is to discuss, in real and comparative terms with the region and beyond, the economic growth of Albania based on the GDP per capita indicator, as well as to identify and evaluate dynamically the role of institutions in the country's development through important institutional factors, such as the effectiveness of government, rule of law, corruption, etc. The analysis shows that Albania's economic performance is weakover the last two decades. This is reflected in the insufficient relative growth of GDP per capita, the small increase in per capita income, and especially in the low increase in income for every 1% of relative growth. In these indicators, Albania continues to be consistently in the lowest positions in the region and beyond. The study highlights the strong link between economic growth and the effectiveness of government, the rule of law, and weak control over corruption. Improving corruption control by one unit in the range (-2.5 to 2.5) is expected to improve GDP per capita by an average of about 2.2 times. Improving the rule of law by one point is expected to improve GDP per capita on average by about 2.4 times. The country's sluggish economic performance is mainly attributed to weak institutions.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

The Azd and the Early Islamic State

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-115
Author(s):  
Brian Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Islamic State ◽  
East And West ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Tribal Leadership ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Early Islamic

This chapter argues that the degree of centralization within the Islamic conquests differed between east and west, with the western conquests being more of an independent tribal movement which the early caliphs gradually came to co-opt. Similarly, early Islamic Basra was most likely an existing Arab settlement before it became a garrison town (misr). The chapter then discusses the al-Azd in Rashidun and Umayyad Syria, Basra, and Kufa, as well as garrison towns’ (amsar) division into tribal administrative units. The role of al-Azd in key events such as the Battle of the Camel and Second Fitna is discussed, as is the role of tribal leadership in Basra and Kufa. This chapter also contains a significant discussion of the events surrounding the death of Masud b. Amr in Basra.

Guilds and Growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 511-563
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Economies

This chapter discusses different measures of guild strength, in terms of guild numbers, producer—merchant relations, guilds' internal cohesiveness, their relationship with the state, characteristics of towns, interaction with the countryside, and the role of guild-free enclaves. It also examines how guild strength and weakness were associated with economic performance across pre-industrial Europe. First, European societies with relatively weak guilds saw comparatively rapid economic growth from the late medieval period onwards. Second, economic performance differed more modestly between societies with intermediate guilds and those with strong ones. Third, strong guilds were not associated with high per capita GDP or rapid economic growth at any point between 1300 and 1850. This casts doubt on the notion that guilds generated net benefits for European economies, even in their medieval inception.

scholarly journals “Among the Believers Are Men”

Numen ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Nanninga
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Early Islamic

Abstract This article examines how the Islamic State has framed its extraordinary losses of manpower by analyzing the role of early-Islamic traditions in the martyr biographies included in its magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. After exploring how is has composed these biographies, by focusing on their narrative structure and central themes, the article demonstrates that early-Islamic traditions about jihad and martyrdom form an important subtext of these articles. They contain many implicit references to stories about Muḥammad and his companions, by means of which is attempts to define and authorize the status of its killed operatives as martyrs and therefore as potentially powerful witnesses of its cause. Yet, the article subsequently argues, the martyrs as portrayed in the magazines are also thoroughly modern characters reflecting contemporary processes such as globalization, individualization, and deculturation. is thus invests classical Islamic traditions with new meanings by employing them in new contexts. Hence, the article concludes that understanding the dynamic role of Islamic scriptures in is’s discourse is crucial if we are to grasp the composition and appeal of is’s biographies and therefore also how is frames its losses and motivates actions of self-sacrifice among its operatives and supporters.

Gold Mining in Arabia and the Rise of the Islamic State

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Heck
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractThe financial and economic strengths of the early Islamic state have been a source of ongoing speculation, causing some scholars to even question medieval Makkah's economic reason to exist. This article explores the role of precious metals - gold and silver - in lending vitality to the economy of Western Arabia in the formative years of the Dar al-Islam . Combining primary source evidence with artifacts and qualitative and quantitative analysis of mining residuals, including carbon 14 dating, it produces evidence suggesting that such metals played a far more significant role in contemporary commerce and industry than has been heretofore generally acknowledged.

Property Rights, Law, and Economic Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Performance Property ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between property rights and economic performance. Property rights, or more precisely, formal, individualized property rights, have long been regarded as the fundamental precondition for sustainable economic growth. However, the available empirical evidence shows that formal private ownership fails to bring about desirable economic outcomes in most developing countries despite the advantages claimed by numerous economists and lawyers. This puzzle can be addressed by taking into consideration such factors as the functioning of related markets, the influence of social norms, and the role of the state.

scholarly journals PERAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO (LKM) TERHADAP KINERJA EKONOMI KABUPATEN JOMBANG

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Atut Frida Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Microfinance Institution

The objective of this study were: 1) To know the potential of Microfinance Institution (LKM) in Jombang Regency, 2) To know the role of Microfinance Institution (LKM) towards economic performance in Jombang Regency, 3)To know the needs of Microfinance Institution (LKM) Development in increasing LKM roles on the Jombang Regency economy. The results showed: First, the overall number of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in as many as 425 Jombang spread in 21 regencies. The regency which had LKM at most in Jombang regency for 154, the second was Ngusikan Regency. Second,The results of Econometric analysis were able to concluded that the amount of LKM, LKM capital, and the volume of bussiness impacted to the variable of economic growth in Jombang Regncy. Third, easy and soft loan had a degree of interest by 87% whereas direct aid only had a degree of interest of 13%. Meanwhile, institutions which was more effective to provide capital loans on LKM development was institutional in rural areas, for example, through another microfinance.

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