Notes on the thermal ecology of Testudo hermanni hermanni in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Zaida Ortega ◽  
Abraham Mencía ◽  
Valentín Pérez-Mellado
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Testudo Hermanni Hermanni

We studied the thermal ecology of Testudo hermanni hermanni in Menorca during late spring. We measured body temperatures of adult individuals, together with air and substrate temperatures at points of capture. Sunlight exposure (full sun, filtered sun, or shade) and type of substrate were also recorded. Body temperatures were similar between sexes (mean = 29.95°C) as were air temperatures between gender capture sites (mean = 28.33°C). Conversely, females were found in areas with a higher substrate temperature (31.60°C) than males were (29.15°C). Moreover, the correlation between body and air temperatures was stronger than it was between body and substrate temperatures, as found in other populations of this species. The tortoises were usually found in full sun, and the proportion of animals found in each sunlight category was similar between sexes. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the thermal ecology of the western Hermann’s tortoise.

Population and Thermal Ecology of Testudo hermanni hermanni in the Tolfa Mountains of Central Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Filippi ◽  
Lorenzo Rugiero ◽  
Massimo Capula ◽  
Russell L. Burke ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Testudo Hermanni Hermanni

Thermal ecology of the Atlas day gecko Quedenfeldtia moerens in an arid area of Morocco, and a comparison with its congener Q. trachyblepharus

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Jalal Mouadi ◽  
El Hassan El Mouden ◽  
Abdellah Bouazza ◽  
Mohamed Aourir
Keyword(s):  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Operative Temperatures

Abstract The Atlas day gecko, Quedenfeldtia moerens, a Moroccan endemic lizard, is strictly diurnal and widely distributed across the dry Atlas Mountains. We quantified thermoregulation in adult males and adult females during their active season in the L’kest Mountain at 1300 m a.s.l., Anti-Atlas region of Morocco. The operative temperatures and air temperatures were sampled using data-loggers in the field from 2016 to 2018. Body temperatures of active lizards and substrate temperatures in the field were simultaneously measured. Finally, we measured preferred body temperatures (Tset) in a laboratory thermal gradient for 24 adult geckos. Mean Tset was 33.3 ± 0.3°C, with the mean 25% and 75% quartiles being 32.3 ± 0.3°C and 34.6 ± 0.3°C, respectively. Active lizards rarely reached their Tset range from March to June, but spent most of the day within Tset in July and August. Our study suggests that Q. moerens have higher Tset than its congeneric Q. trachyblepharus living at high altitude. Likewise, thermoregulatory effectiveness of Q. moerens showed an increase from spring to summer while it was the opposite for Q. trachyblepharus.

Thermoregulation of the lizard Barisia imbricata at altitudinal extremes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Natalia Fierro-Estrada ◽  
Yasmin Guadalupe González González ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Margarita Martínez Gómez ◽  
Andrés García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Ambient temperature is a primary factor affecting the physiology and activity of reptiles. Thermoregulation involves a series of mechanisms to maintain an organism’s body temperature within a narrow range. The study of thermal ecology of lizards is relevant for understanding their distribution, life history, ecology and thermal requirements. Moreover, determining how species are able to attain physiologically active body temperatures in challenging environments is necessary for assessing the risk of extinction due to climate change, especially for threatened endemic species. We evaluated and compared the thermal ecology of two populations of the viviparous lizard Barisia imbricata, at contrasting elevations (2200 and 3700 m). We obtained variation in thermal data from winter through autumn for multiple years. We determined thermal efficiency indices based on field active body temperatures, preferred temperatures (in a thermal gradient), and operative environmental temperatures (according to null models). We also recorded substrate and air temperatures at the time of capture. Mean body temperature of both populations showed a positive correlation with environmental temperatures. We found significant seasonal differences in body temperature in both populations, and between body temperatures of the two populations. Our results suggest that B. imbricata is an eurythermic species and can thermoregulate actively at any given time. However, when environmental temperatures are within the range of preferred temperatures, the species does not engage in thermoregulatory behavior. This information expands knowledge on the range of possible thermal responses to environmental variation within a species.

Observations on the growth of barium bismuth oxide thin films

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
M G. Norton ◽  
E.S. Hellman ◽  
E.H. Hartford ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Nucleation Layer ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
High Transition ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Oriented Material ◽  
Barium Bismuth ◽  
Superconductor Device

The bismuthates (for example, Ba1-xKxBiO3) represent a class of high transition temperature superconductors. The lack of anisotropy and the long coherence length of the bismuthates makes them technologically interesting for superconductor device applications. To obtain (100) oriented Ba1-xKxBiO3 films on (100) oriented MgO, a two-stage deposition process is utilized. In the first stage the films are nucleated at higher substrate temperatures, without the potassium. This process appears to facilitate the formation of the perovskite (100) orientation on (100) MgO. This nucleation layer is typically between 10 and 50 nm thick. In the second stage, the substrate temperature is reduced and the Ba1-xKxBiO3 is grown. Continued growth of (100) oriented material is possible at the lower substrate temperature.

Properties of carbon films deposited by pulsed laser vaporization from pyrolytic graphite

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Malshe ◽  
S. M. Chaudhari ◽  
S. M. Kanetkar ◽  
S. B. Ogale ◽  
S. V. Rajarshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Films ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Quartz Substrates ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Amorphous carbon films have been deposited on silicon 〈111〉 and quartz substrates by pulsed ruby laser vaporization from pyrolytic graphite. Depositions have been carried out at different substrate temperatures, and the properties of the deposited carbon films have been studied using IR and UV–VIS transmission, ellipsometry, and laser-Raman spectroscopies. Chemical and electrical resistivity measurements have also been performed. It is shown that the film properties depend critically on the substrate temperature and that at the substrate temperature of 50 °C films with substantial proportion of sp3 hybridized orbitals are obtained.

scholarly journals Simulation of Mechanical Deformation and Tribology of Nano-Thin Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon (a:Ch) Films Using Molecular Dynamics

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Glosli ◽  
M. R. Philpott ◽  
J. Belak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Porous Graphite ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon ◽  
Deposition Energy

AbstractMolecular dynamics computer simulations are used to study the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure of deposited amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a:CH) films. A transition from dense diamond-like films to porous graphite-like films is observed between substrate temperatures of 400K and 600K for a deposition energy of 20 eV. The dense a:CH film grown at 300K and 20 eV has a hardness (˜50 GPa) about half that of a pure carbon (a:C) film grown under the same conditions.

Properties of Al Films Depend on Substrate Temperature by DC Magnetron Sputter Deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Yi Shen ◽  
Ruo He Yao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Magnetron Sputter Deposition ◽  
Magnetron Sputter ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Al films were prepared by DC magnetron sputter deposition at different substrate temperatures. The sheet resistance of the films was measured by four point probe sheet resistance meter, and the film thickness, which was obtained by surface profiling system. The surface and cross-section morphology of the films was observed by AFM and FESEM. As a result, the resistivity of the films decreases obviously as the substrate temperature increases gradually. The higher substrate temperature is, the rougher the films surface is and the larger the grain size is.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Electrochromic Properties of Cobalt Hydroxide Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Sputtering

2011 ◽  
Vol 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoungMoo Lee ◽  
Yoshio Abe ◽  
Midori Kawamura ◽  
Hidenobu Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Cobalt Hydroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

ABSTRACTCobalt hydroxide thin films with a thickness of 100 nm were deposited onto glass, Si and indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by reactively sputtering a Co target in H2O gas. The substrate temperature was varied from -20 to +200°C. The EC performance of the films was investigated in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the samples indicated that Co3O4 films were formed at substrate temperatures above 100°C, and amorphous CoOOH films were deposited in the range from 10 to -20°C. A large change in transmittance of approximately 26% and high EC coloration efficiency of 47 cm2/C were obtained at a wavelength of 600 nm for the CoOOH thin film deposited at -20°C. The good EC performance of the CoOOH films is attributed to the low film density and amorphous structure.

scholarly journals Структура и свойства полученных методом магнетронного распыления тонких графитоподобных пленок

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
А.Я. Виноградов ◽  
С.А. Грудинкин ◽  
Н.А. Беседина ◽  
С.В. Коняхин ◽  
М.К. Рабчинский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectral Region ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

AbstractThe structural, electrical, and optical properties of thin graphite-like films produced by magnetron- assisted sputtering onto crystalline silicon and quartz at substrate temperatures in the range from 320 to 620°C are studied. From analysis of the Raman spectra, it is established that, as the substrate temperature is elevated, the crystallite size increases and the concentration of structural defects and the content of amorphous carbon in the phase composition of the films decrease. It is found that, as the substrate temperature is elevated, the maximum of the absorption intensity in the ultraviolet spectral region of the optical absorption spectra shifts to longer wavelengths and the absorption intensity in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions increases. As the deposition temperature is elevated, the conductivity of the films increases from 0.2 Ω^–1 cm^–1 at 320°C to 30 Ω^–1 cm^–1 at 620°C.

scholarly journals Investigations in Anti-Impact Performance of TiN Coatings Prepared by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Method under Different Substrate Temperatures

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Da Huang ◽  
Weifeng He ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Yang Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

In this study, the anti-impact performance of the TiN coatings prepared under various substrate temperatures (35, 200, 400, and 600 °C) were evaluated using a cyclic impact tester under 104 cycles. Moreover, the microstructure and anti-impact performance-related mechanical properties (adhesion strength and nano-hardness) were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanism of how the substrate temperature affects the anti-impact performance of the coatings. The results showed that the substrate temperature has a great influence on the internal stress, nano-hardness, and adhesion strength as well as the anti-impact performance of TiN coatings, and the coatings prepared under 400 °C exhibit the best impact resistance. The small internal stress, strong adhesion strength as well as high hardness and H3/E2 value for the 400 °C prepared coatings are the main contributes.

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