scholarly journals Sampling efficiency, bias and shyness in funnel trapping aquatic newts

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Jan W. Arntzen ◽  
Annie Zuiderwijk
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Abstract A lightweight, collapsible funnel trap designed for crayfish was furnished with a smaller mesh and then used to study adult breeding populations of five species of newts in five ponds in France. Observations were made in spring, at the peak of breeding activity, over an 11-year period. Annual experiments involved on average 7.7 traps and 5.3 overnight sampling sessions at 2.0 day intervals. In 95 out of 171 experiments (56%) the probability for an individual to go undetected was <1%. A trend was observed for catchability to increase with body size (Lissotriton < Ichthyosaura < Triturus). The two Triturus species involved were frequently exhaustively sampled in a single overnight session. In spite of their smaller size, L. helveticus males were more readily captured than females, presumably reflecting breeding associated locomotor activity. The numbers captured decreased over time suggesting ‘trap shyness’ to operate. We noted some predation by diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) affecting L. helveticus males in particular.

Quel corpus pour l’étude du dialecte niçois ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Philippe Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Use ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Abstract A new project has just been launched to write a synchronic, descriptive grammar of Niçois, the Occitan dialect of Nice. In this article, I define the corpus of the research. To do so, I first review written production from the Middle Ages to the present. I then analyze the linguistic features of Niçois over time, in order to determine the precise starting point of the current language state. But because of reinforced normativism and the decreasing social use of Niçois among the educated population, written language after WWII became artificial and does not really correspond to recordings made in the field. The corpus will thus be composed of writings from the 1820’s to WWII and recordings from the last few decades.

scholarly journals PSVIII-17 Assessment of conformational changes across three parities in sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Melanie D Trenhaile-Grannemann ◽  
Ronald M Lewis ◽  
Stephen D Kachman ◽  
Kenneth J Stalder ◽  
Benny E Mote
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Conformation Changes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Conformation-based sow selection is performed prior to reaching mature size, yet little is known about how conformation changes as growth continues. To assess conformation changes, 9 conformational traits were objectively measured at 12 discrete time points between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning on 622 sows in 5 cohorts. The 9 traits included 5 body size traits (body length, body depth at the shoulder and flank, and height at the shoulder and flank) and 4 joint angles (knee, hock, and front and rear pastern). Data were analyzed with a repeated measures model (SAS V 9.4) including cohort and time point as fixed effects, sire as a random effect, and heterogeneous compound symmetry as the covariance structure. Sire variance ranged from 0.16 (body depth shoulder) to 2.00 (body length) cm2 for body size traits and 2.28 (rear pastern) to 4.22 (front pastern) degrees2 for joint angles. Cohort had an effect on all traits (P &lt; 0.05). All traits displayed changes over time (P &lt; 0.001). Size traits increased between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning (64.16 vs. 107.57 cm, 26.62 vs. 44.14 cm, 23.32 vs. 36.92 cm, 46.10 vs. 73.55 cm, 49.36 vs. 77.47 cm for body length, body depth shoulder and flank, and height shoulder and flank, respectively); however, they fluctuated within parity by increasing during gestation and decreasing at weaning. Knee angle decreased (164.12 vs. 150.72 degrees) while fluctuating within parity by decreasing in the second half of gestation and increasing after weaning. Front and rear pastern angles decreased over time (60.89 vs. 53.74 degrees and 64.64 vs. 55.50 degrees for front and rear pastern, respectively), while biologically negligible change was observed in hock angle (148.63 vs. 147.48 degrees). Sow conformation changes throughout life, and these changes may require consideration when making selection decisions.

Lessons learned in intellectual capital management in Germany between 2000 and 2020 – History, applications, outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Bornemann ◽  
Kay Alwert ◽  
Markus Will
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

PurposeThis article reports on the background, the conceptual ideas and the lessons learned from over more than 20 years of IC Statements and Management with a country focus on Germany and some international developments. It calls for an integrated management approach for IC and offers case study evidence on how to accomplish this quest.Design/methodology/approachReport on the German initiative “Intellectual Capital Statement made in Germany” (ICS m.i.G.). A brief review of the literature describes the background and theoretical foundation of the German IC method. A short description of the method is followed by four detailed case studies to illustrate long-term impact of IC management in very different organizations. A discussion of Lessons Learned from more than 200 implementations and an outlook on current and future developments finalizes the article.FindingsIC Statements made in Germany (ICS m.i.G.) was successful in providing a framework to systematically identify IC, evaluate the status quo of IC relative to the strategic requirements, visualize interdependencies of IC, business processes and business results as well as to connect IC reporting with internal management routines and external communication. However, ICS is not an insulated method but delivers the maximum benefit when integrated with strategy development, strategy implementation, business process optimization accompanied by change management routines. Strong ties to human resource management, information technology departments, quality management, research and development teams as well as business operations as the core of an organization help to yield the most for ICS m.i.G. Over time, the focus of managing IC changes and maturity leads to deutero learning.Practical implicationsICS m.i.G. proved easy to apply, cost efficient for SMEs, larger corporations and networks. It helps to better accomplish their objectives and to adjust their business models. The guidelines in German and English as well as a software application released were downloaded more than 100,000 times. A certification process based on a three-tier training module is available and was successfully completed by more than 400 practitioners. ICS m.i.G. is supporting current standards of knowledge management, such as ISO 9001, ISO 30401 or DIN SPEC PAS 91443 and therefore will most likely have a continuing impact on knowledge-based value creation.Originality/valueThis paper reports lessons learned from the country-wide IC initiative in Germany over the last 20 years initiated and supported by the authors. Several elements of the method have been published over time, but so far no comprehensive view on Lessons Learned had been published.

Tree selection and use by the polyphagous xylophage Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J. Turgeon ◽  
Michael T Smith ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Ronald Edward Fournier ◽  
Mary Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Over Time

Two breeding populations of the non-native Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky), a pest of broadleaf trees in its native China, were discovered in Ontario in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Both populations were eradicated by removing all trees injured by the beetle and all uninjured trees deemed at high risk of injury. We used data collected during this removal to study host selection. Signs of A. glabripennis injury were observed on 732 stems from seven (i.e., Acer, Salix, Populus, Betula, Ulmus, Fraxinus and Tilia) of the 45 tree genera available. Complete beetle development was confirmed on only the first four of these seven genera. Most signs of injury were on the genus Acer and on trees with a diameter at 130 cm above ground ranging between 15 cm and 40 cm. On most trees, the lowest sign of injury was within three meters of the ground or within 40% of tree height. Tree height explained 63% of the variance in the location of the lowest sign of injury. Initial attacks were typically near the middle of the tree and expanded both upward and downward with successive attacks over time. We discuss how these findings could improve survey efforts for A. glabripennis.

Qualitative longitudinal research: researching fatherhood and fathers’ experiences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Miller
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Transition To Motherhood ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

This chapter focuses on a qualitative longitudinal (QL) research project, Transition to Fatherhood, and later episodes of fathering and fatherhood experiences. It begins by exploring the research design of this study and considers the inherent gendered and other assumptions made in it, which mirrors an earlier research project on Transition to Motherhood. Following an examination of some of the methodological issues that arose during this qualitative longitudinal study, the chapter turns to reflect on the important question of what adding time into a qualitative study can do. It considers what happens when narratives collected in later interviews are incorporated into earlier analysis and findings as lives and fatherhood experiences change, as well as the benefits of researching individuals over time.

scholarly journals Personal Identity: The Simple and Complex Views Revisited

Disputatio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Harold Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Reasonable Possibility ◽  
Time Fall ◽  
Recent Account ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Abstract Eric Olson has argued, startlingly, that no coherent account can be giv- en of the distinction made in the personal identity literature between ‘complex views’ and ‘simple views’. ‘We tell our students,’ he writes, ‘that accounts of personal identity over time fall into [these] two broad categories’. But ‘it is impossible to characterize this distinction in any satisfactory way. The debate has been systematically misdescribed’. I argue, first, that, for all Olson has said, a recent account by Noonan provides the coherent characterization he claims impossible. If so we have not been wrong all along in the way he says in what we have been telling our students. I then give an account of the distinction between the reductionist and non-reductionist positions which makes it differ- ent from the complex/simple distinction. The aim is to make clear sense of the notion of a not simple but non-reductionist position — which seems an eminently reasonable possibility and something it may also be useful to tell our students about.

A Review of Measurement Equivalence in Organizational Research: What's Old, What's New, What's Next?

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812110565
Author(s):  
Ajay V. Somaraju ◽  
Christopher D. Nye ◽  
Jeffrey Olenick
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Organizational Constructs ◽  
Organizational Literature ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Highly Cited

The study of measurement equivalence has important implications for organizational research. Nonequivalence across groups or over time can affect the results of a study and the conclusions that are drawn from it. As a result, the review paper by Vandenberg & Lance (2000) has been highly cited and has played an important role in understanding the measurement of organizational constructs. However, that paper is now 20 years old, and a number of advances have been made in the application and interpretation of measurement equivalence (ME) since its publication. Therefore, the goal of the present paper is to provide an updated review of ME techniques that describes recent advances in testing for ME and proposes a taxonomy of potential sources of nonequivalence. Finally, we articulate recommendations for applying these newer methods and consider future directions for measurement equivalence research in the organizational literature.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sean Akerman
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Tibetan Exile

This chapter introduces the author’s fieldwork and the focus of the book: using narrative approaches to understand and represent exile. The chapter reviews the progress narrative work has made in the discipline of psychology and how it provides a useful approach to the study of exile for reasons that are theoretical, methodological, and rhetorical. The author sketches the history of the Tibetan exile and explains how it provides a useful site to investigate the issues that are at the heart of the book, including the transmission of stories, and traumas, over time. Finally, the author introduces the informants who feature significantly in the book.

Color and Status of Slaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schor
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
White Person ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

This chapter discusses how the definition of race varied over time and place and remained uncertain in cases judged by the courts in the antebellum era. In the 1850s, a claim of whiteness was an argument that could be made in court to obtain liberty, since a white person could not be a slave. Legal status did not rest on the same forms of proof as the census, but the two perspectives overlapped. Comparing the procedures for determining the legal status of slaves with the procedure adopted by the census for assigning the color of individuals shows the profound ambiguity of the latter. The language used by the legislators in 1850 and retained until the end of the century was clearly that of the scientific rules then in favor, based on the parts of black blood and of genealogy. However, in practice individuals were judged by their appearance rather than genealogy.

Foundations of Rivalry Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Measurement Reliability ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Conceptual Mapping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ordinal Measure ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Measurement Validity

Rivalry is pervasive in many areas of life. Though rivalry is not isolated to international politics, interstate rivalries are particularly important given their conflict propensities and destructiveness. Tremendous progress has been made in determining the causes of rivalry initiation, maintenance, escalation, and termination. What we know empirically about rivalry, however, hinges on how the concept of rivalry is defined and which dyads are identified as rivals for which periods of time. Though the what, who, and when questions of rivalry may seem straightforward and the answers to such questions in some cases obvious, defining and identifying rivals has not been without scholarly controversy. There are several approaches to conceptualizing and operationalizing rivalry. Each approach has strengths and weaknesses. Dispute density approaches, for example, which identify rivals as states that engage in repeated instances of militarized conflict over time, have higher levels of measurement reliability than validity. The strategic rivalry approach, on the other hand, which identifies rivals as states that view one another as threatening competitors and enemies, has a higher level of measurement validity than reliability. Rather than advocating one approach over another, the intent of this article is to lay bare the strengths and weaknesses of different ways of identifying cases of rivalry. Existing rivalry research provides a foundation from which to further develop rivalry approaches. Given that the concept of rivalry has only recently been applied outside of the dyadic interstate context, additive research is still needed on rivalry in intrastate, triadic and multistate, and other settings. Due to the existence of several mature dyadic interstate rivalry approaches, on the other hand, developing additional distinct approaches for the dyadic interstate context is less imperative than integrating existing approaches. There are several ways this can potentially be done, such as by combining elements of multiple perspectives in ways that minimize weaknesses, through conceptual mapping, or by developing an ordinal measure of rivalry.

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