Aggressive Communication By Larus Gla Ucescens Part Ii. Visual Communication

Behaviour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Stout ◽  
Melvin E. Brass
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aggressive Display ◽  
Wooden Block ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Aggressive Communication ◽  
Block Models ◽  
Head Level

AbstractPairs of complete models or wooden block models with adjustable stuffed heads of Larus glaucescens were placed in gull territories. Choice of attack on the models revealed that the head and neck of L. glaucescens are the parts of the body that release aggressive display in territorial behavior. When using models with the head and neck mounted in a normal posture, the upright threat model received a significantly greater number of attacks than the oblique model. The oblique model received a significantly greater number of attacks than the choking model. When comparing the reactions caused by the abnormal postured head at levels identical to those of the normal aggressive postures upright threat, oblique and choking, there were similar results. It was apparent that visual communication was accomplished by head level. A higher head level portrayed lower level of aggressiveness, whereas a lower head level portrayed greater level of aggressiveness and inhibited attack on the model. Secondary aggressive stimuli, such as squinted eyes and muscle tension, are probably not significant in evoking or prohibiting an attack.

scholarly journals A case report of giant anterior neck lipoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Shalini Jain ◽  
Sahil Maingi ◽  
Ancy S. Sofia ◽  
A. K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Posterior Triangle ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Different Parts

<p class="abstract">Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor with a thirteen percent incidence in head and neck region. Posterior triangle is the most common location while anterior neck lipoma is a rare one. Giant lipomas &gt;10 cm have been reported in different parts of the body but rarely in the anterior neck. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. We here report a case of giant anterior neck lipoma in a 50 year old male managed surgically.</p>

scholarly journals Radial forearm free flap in a patient with an unusual radial artery variation: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Giulio Menichini ◽  
Sara Calabrese ◽  
Nicola Alfonsi ◽  
Marco Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head And Neck Reconstruction ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Radial Forearm Free Flap ◽  
Skin Paddle ◽  
Radial Forearm

Head and neck reconstruction poses unique challenges in rehabilitating surgical defects in terms of integrity, function, and form. The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has been widely used for defect coverage, especially in the head and neck area, but its versatility allows it to be used for soft-tissue reconstruction in various parts of the body. The vascular features of the flap are quite constant and reliable. Nevertheless, abnormalities of the forearm vascular tree have been described over the decades. We report a case of intraoral reconstruction after verrucous carcinoma recurrence in a 74-year-old woman with an unusual forearm flap, which we called the median forearm free flap, based on a median branch of the radial artery that was preoperatively detected using handheld Doppler ultrasonography. The distally located skin paddle was predominantly supplied by the aberrant median vessel with its perforators. The flap was thus safely harvested with this atypical pedicle. Successful reconstruction of the intraoral defect was achieved, with an uneventful postoperative course.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Features of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: An Institutional Perspective

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinicopathologic Features ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histologic Pattern

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare salivary gland malignancy that can occur in any part of the body, its clinicopathologic features are scarcely reported in locoregional literature. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma in our population and to determine the association of age and site of its occurrence with histologic pattern and perineural invasion. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 30 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma that underwent surgical resections or biopsies from March 2009 to February 2020 at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Clinical and histopathological parameters including age, site, histological pattern and perineural invasion were determined and association between different parameters was analyzed. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30 + 16.1 years. Cribriform pattern was most common histologic pattern (63.3%) while head and neck region was the most common site of occurrence (83.3%). Perineural invasion which is one of the most important prognostic factors in adenoid cystic carcinoma was present in approximately half of the patients (46.7%). No significant association of age and site was found with histologic pattern and perineural invasion. Conclusion: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy most commonly occurring in head and neck region with a high frequency of perineural invasion. No significant difference of histologic pattern and histologic prognostic parameter like perineural invasion was noted at different ages and different sites in our study.

scholarly journals MUSCLE TENSION AND REFLEXES IN THE EARTHWORM

1923 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Anterior Segments

1. By the use of preparations of earthworm in which the cutaneous receptors have been anesthetized with a solution of M/8 MgCl2, it is shown that peristalsis can be initiated by tension alone. 2. The receptors of the tension reflex are the intermyal sensory cells of the ventral region of the body wall. 3. It is concluded that Straub obtained the tension reflex because his preparations contained the intermyal receptors; Budington was unable to observe the tension reflex in any preparation from which the intermyal receptors had been removed. 4. Intermyal receptors are the receptors of the following reaction: Passive unilateral tension of the posterior part of an earthworm induces active homolateral tension of the musculature of the anterior segments, and results in the course of progress being brought into line with the enforced orientation of the tail. This reaction is termed the homostrophic reflex. 5. The receptors for the reaction are distributed throughout the entire length of the worm, the effectors are limited to the anterior 15 to 20 segments. The impulse is conducted by the ventral nerve cord. 6. The interaction of the homostrophic reflex and tropisms is considered.

Primary Salivary Rhabdomyosarcoma in Childhood: A Rare Presentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Mbarki
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rare Presentation

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. It is originated from embryonic mesenchyma and can arise anywhere in the body. Head and neck location accounts for 35% of all RMC locations. The parotid gland is very rarely affected. Because of this infrequent occurrence and the multiplicity of therapeutic means of management, we report a case a 5-year-old child which was diagnosed as parotid RMS.

Problems of Improving Working Capacity of the Operators at High-Tech Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.L. Vishnevskaya ◽  
◽  
L.V. Plakhova ◽  
M.Yu. Liskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Process Work ◽  
High Level

Modern high-tech industry intensifies the production load on operators. The problem of maintaining a high level of working capacity and error-free work is growing. Earlier studies revealed that the work of operators in hermetically sealed rooms is characterized by the following: monotony, hypokinesia, lack of psychological and industrial contacts, static muscle tension, as well as a lot of frequently repeated small movements caused by the fact that the technical system is controlled indirectly — through the remote control. The operator is affected by the factors of a closed production environment (microclimate) and the labor process (work and rest mode, long working shifts), which together form a general status called fatigue. The main factor that causes fatigue is the integral extensive intensity of the activity. The dynamics of physiological processes characterizing fatigue and the possibility of erroneous actions were evaluated. It is established that low-intensity factors, which form the working conditions of operators of high-tech industrial complexes, provoke persistent fatigue, a decrease in the functional reserves of the body, the development and aggravation of professionally caused diseases. The degree of fatigue was assessed by the indicators of the latent time of sensorimotor reactions, the stability of attention and the error of actions. The obtained data confirm the need in developing effective ways and means of maintaining working capacity. In particular, the regulated breaks and pauses filled with the specially developed schemes of isometric exercises, should be introduced (according to a special schedule) into the work and rest mode with a 12-hour schedule. The study substantiates the need for further making recommendations on the development of preventive measures to optimize the working conditions of the operators in high-tech industries.

Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359
Author(s):  
Bing Zhuang ◽  
Lichuan Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Yiwei Cao ◽  
Yian Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

scholarly journals Assessment of Postural Balance in Women Treated for Breast Cancer

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek ◽  
Magdalena Tarkowska ◽  
Tomasz Nowikiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska ◽  
Aleksander Goch
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
The Right

Background and objectives: Surgery is the primary and most effective treatment of breast cancer. Unilateral mastectomy disrupts the distribution of muscle tension between the right and the left sides of the body. The aim of the study was to evaluate postural balance in patients treated for breast cancer by mastectomy. Materials and methods: A controlled clinical study was conducted on 90 patients who have undergone surgical treatment for breast cancer (mastectomy) 5–6 years prior (Breast Group—BG). The control group (CG) consisted of 74 healthy female volunteers. Analysis of balance was performed using the Alfa stabilography platform. A static test (Romberg’s test) with open and closed eyes was used to assess balance. The following balance parameters were analyzed: path length, statokinesigram area, parameters of deflection and velocity of the foot pressure center. Results: The study demonstrated that patients from BG (5–6 years after surgery) obtained worse results in both tests with open (maximum back deviation, maximum forward deviation, average Y deviation, average Y velocity, path length and path surface area) (p < 0.05) as well as with closed eyes (maximum backward deviation, maximum forward deviation, mean Y deviation and path length) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that women 5–6 years after surgery for breast cancer have impaired balance compared to healthy women, despite physiotherapy.

Growth and development of pigs: a reanalysis of the effects of nutrition on body composition

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Poor Nutrition

SUMMARYSelected data of McMeekan (1940, 1941) were reanalysed to compare the proportions and distribution of tissues, and the weights of some organs, in pigs growing at different growth rates due to differing levels of nutrition. The effects of variation in fat content were excluded, and the distribution of tissues was compared at the same total weight for each tissue, by allometric regressions. Except for components of the head and neck, and the stomach, the results do not support a concept of retardation of development by poor nutrition of those parts of the body with the highest relative growth rates.

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