Genetics and phenotypic characterisation of the hypersensitive resistance of Solanum sparsipilum to Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Bakari Kouassi ◽  
Jean-Paul Dantec ◽  
Claudia Rouaux ◽  
Marie-Claire Kerlan ◽  
Miroslaw Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Potato Genotype ◽  
Solanum Sparsipilum ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Incompatibility Locus

AbstractThe hypersensitive resistance of the genotype '385.484.13' of Solanum sparsipilum to Meloidogyne incognita, one of the southern root-knot nematodes and their Mi virulent populations was analysed. Genetic control of the hypersensitive reaction was assessed based on segregation of the necrotic reaction in infected roots of diploid F1 plants obtained from the cross of the genotype '385.484.13' with the dihaploid susceptible potato genotype 'Keltia H12'. Two distinct tests showed a distorted segregation compared to the hypothetical ratio expected for a monogenic control. We hypothesised that the resistance is based on one dominant gene designated Mh and linked to the self incompatibility locus-S. Hypersensitive plants prevented juveniles from feeding, developing and reproducing. Ninety percent of invading juveniles remained undeveloped 6 weeks after inoculation. Almost all the adults were males and only very rarely were females observed. Inhibition of the development of juveniles into females showed a bimodal distribution of the genotypes: hypersensitive ones allowed almost no development of females whilst all the juveniles became females in non-hypersensitive plants. That result supports the hypothesis of a monogenic control of the resistance. The resistance was broken when plants were grown at 30°C. The histology of the hypersensitive reaction was very similar to that of the Mi gene of tomato and of some Me genes of pepper. Necrotic cells were localised not only around the head of the juveniles but also surrounding their bodies. In addition, healthy cells adjacent to necrotised ones underwent divisions parallel to the juveniles. Intercellular spaces between these cells and necrotised ones enlarged markedly, which is consistent with a process leading to isolation of the necrotic area from healthy tissue.

scholarly journals Population and reproductive traits of a freshwater amphipod (Crustacea, Peracarida, Hyalellidae) from northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela da Silva Castiglioni ◽  
Marcio Limberger ◽  
Vanessa da Silva Castro ◽  
Francieli Ubessi
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Natural Pond ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anthropic Influence ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The study of population and reproductive traits provides information about the ecological structure of natural populations. This study aimed to characterize dynamics and reproductive traits of Hyalella palmeirensis from a natural pond from southern Brazil. The amphipods were sampled monthly (August 2012 to July 2013) by a person with the aid of a hand net for 20 minutes. Ovigerous females and pre-copulatory pairs were individualized in the field. A total of 12,325 individuals were sampled, being 1,421 males, 6,983 females (including 215 ovigerous females) and 3,921 juveniles. Paired and unpaired males were significantly greater in size than females. There was a positive correlation between body size (CL) of paired males and females. Males and females showed bimodal distribution. Total sex ratio favored females, and these were more frequent in almost all months. Ovigerous females and precopulatory pairs were found throughout the year, but with high frequency in winter and autumn, respectively, characterizing a seasonal reproduction. Juveniles were sampled throughout the year, with greater intensity in the spring. The mean fecundity was 19.6 ± 4.34 eggs. No reduction in the number of eggs was observed during embryonic development. The results observed in H. palmeirensis demonstrate that this species has a population and reproductive dynamics very similar to other species of Hyalella already analyzed in southern Brazil. Moreover, it can be seen that although the H. palmeirensis occurs in an environment with anthropic influence (soy cultivation,) the population is managing to remain in the area, with reproduction and recruitment in most months of year.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hypersensitive Resistance to Bacterial Spot Race T3 (Xanthomonas perforans) from Tomato Accession PI 128216

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Robbins ◽  
Audrey Darrigues ◽  
Sung-Chur Sim ◽  
Mohammed Abu Taher Masud ◽  
David M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Candidate Loci

Bacterial spot of tomato is caused by four species of Xanthomonas. The accession PI 128216 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) displays a hypersensitive reaction (HR) to race T3 strains (predominately Xanthomonas perforans). We developed an inbred backcross (IBC) population (BC2S5, 178 families) derived from PI 128216 and OH88119 (S. lycopersicum) as the susceptible recurrent parent for simultaneous introgression and genetic analysis of the HR response. These IBC families were evaluated in the greenhouse for HR to race T3 strain Xcv761. The IBC population was genotyped with molecular markers distributed throughout the genome in order to identify candidate loci conferring resistance. We treated the IBC population as a hypothesis forming generation to guide validation in subsequent crosses. Nonparametric analysis identified an association between HR and markers clustered on chromosome 11 (P < 0.05 to 0.0001) and chromosome 6 (0.04 > P > 0.002). Further analysis of the IBC population suggested that markers on chromosome 6 and 11 failed to assort independently, a phenomenon known as gametic phase disequilibrium. Therefore, to validate marker-trait linkages, resistant IBC plants were crossed with OH88119 and BC3F2 progeny were evaluated for HR in the greenhouse. In these subsequent populations, the HR response was associated with the chromosome 11 markers (P < 0.0002) but not with the markers on chromosome 6 (P > 0.25). Independent F2 families were developed by crossing resistant IBC lines to OH8245, OH88119, and OH7530. These populations were genotyped, organized into classes based on chromosome 11 markers, and evaluated for resistance in the field. The PI 128216 locus on chromosome 11 provided resistance that was dependent on gene dosage and genetic background. These results define a single locus, Rx-4, from PI 128216, which provides resistance to bacterial spot race T3, has additive gene action, and is located on chromosome 11.

Analysis of gene effects governing yield and yield traits in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Singh ◽  
M. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pod Length

The six generations (P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, BC<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>) of twelve cross combinations of pigeonpea (<italic>Cajanus cajan</italic> L.) were studied during 2003-2006 for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The means of six generations were subjected to detect main gene effects and interactions. The estimates of six parameter model revealed that both additive and dominant gene effects were important in all the crosses for almost all the traits. However, the relative contribution of dominant gene effects was much higher than additive gene effects for plant height, pods per plant and seed yield per plant. Higher frequency of duplicate type of epistasis also confirms the prevalence of dominance gene effects for above traits except for seed yield per plant.

scholarly journals Resistance to Puccinia polysora in Maize Accessions

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alicia Chávez-Medina ◽  
Norma E. Leyva-López ◽  
Jerald K. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Incomplete Resistance ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
Resistant Progeny

A number of potential sources of general and specific resistance to southern corn rust were identified from 1,890 plant introduction accessions that were screened for reactions to Puccinia polysora race 9. Resistance appeared to differ among four accessions on which uredinia were not observed in initial screenings. Resistance to P. polysora in PI 186215 (Argentine inbred 2-687) was a chlorotic fleck, hypersensitive reaction that was conditioned by a single, dominant gene that was allelic with or very closely linked to the Rpp9 gene based on tests of allelism. All but 3 of 2,357 testcross progeny, (inbred 2-687 × Rpp9) × PS were resistant. Resistance in Ames 19016 (Va59) was effective in F1 progeny and appeared to be dominant and simply inherited; however, this resistance appeared to be a slow-rusting or incomplete resistance that was effective in adult plants but not in young seedlings. Severity of southern rust was less than 10% on resistant progeny from crosses with Va59 compared with severity exceeding 70% on susceptible progeny. Resistance in plant introduction (PI) 186209 (Venezuelan flint) and NSL 75976 (IA DS61) were not effective in F1 hybrid combination and, thus, probably have limited value in commercial maize. Resistance in PI 186209 may be conditioned by a single recessive gene and resistance in NSL 75976 may be co-dominant.

STEM-TIP NECROSIS: A HYPERSENSITIVE, TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DOMINANT GENE REACTION OF SOYBEAN TO INFECTION BY SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Glycine Max L

A stem tip necrosis (STN) disease observed in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar Columbia and some of its progeny was studied as to causal agent and the genetic basis for the STN reaction. A virus was isolated which is similar to the ATCC type strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), based on the particle morphology and differential host series. Harosoy, although susceptible to SMV, does not develop STN. A line (0X686) pure-breeding for STN was derived from an F2 plant of Columbia × Harosoy. When seedlings of 0X686 were inoculated with SMV they developed typical STN. In the backcross of 0X686 to Harosoy, the BC1F2 progeny segregated in a ratio of 3 STN:1 normal in both the cross and the reciprocal indicating the effect of a nuclear-inherited, dominant gene. This gene appears to be a gene for resistance which results in a severe hypersensitive reaction of the stem tip to systemic SMV. The development of STN in 0X686 was shown to be temperature dependent. At 20 and 24 °C, the majority of the inoculated plants developed STN. At 28 and 32 °C, nearly all the inoculated plants developed typical mosaic symptoms but few had STN.Key words: Soybean, soybean mosaic virus, tip necrosis, hypersensitivity, temperature-dependent, dominant gene

Glutathione concentrations in the red cells of Merino sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-403
Author(s):  
M. De La Haba ◽  
A Moreno ◽  
D. Llanes ◽  
E. M. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase ◽  
Australian Merino

Tasmanian Merino sheep show a bimodal distribution in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in their red cells, 40% of sheep having GSH values of around 27 mg GSH/100 ml red cells and 60% with values of about 92 mg GSH/100 ml red cells (Tucker & Kilgour, 1972). The GSH deficiency was shown to be due to an impaired activity of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GC-S), the enzyme catalysing the first step of GSH biosynthesis (Tucker, Kilgour & Young, 1976). Family data indicated that the deficiency in this strain of Merinos was under the control of a dominant gene, designated GSHL (Tucker et al. 1976). In contrast, Board, Roberts & Evans (1974) reported that a similar type of GSH deficiency in Australian Merino sheep was under the control of a recessive gene. The reasons for this apparent discrepancy remain unresolved.

scholarly journals Study of Inheritance and Linkage of Virulence Genes in a Selfing Population of a Pakistani Dominant Race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Marina Sajid ◽  
Syed Kamil Husnain ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Parental Isolate ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Dominant Genes

Wheat stripe rust is a severe threat of almost all wheat-growing regions in the world. Being an obligate biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST) produces new virulent races that break the resistance of wheat varieties. In this study, 115 progeny isolates were generated through sexual reproduction on susceptible Himalayan Berberis pseudumbellata using a dominant Pakistani race (574232) of PST. The parental isolate and progeny isolates were characterized using 24 wheat Yr single-gene lines and ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From the one-hundred-and-fifteen progeny isolates, 25 virulence phenotypes (VPs) and 60 multilocus genotypes were identified. The parental and all progeny isolates were avirulent to Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr32, Yr43, YrSp, YrTr1, YrExp2, Yr26, and YrTye and virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27, Yr28, YrA, Yr44, and Yr3. Based on the avirulence/virulence phenotypes, we found that VPs virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr9, Yr17, Yr47, and YrA were controlled by one dominant gene; those to YrSp, YrTr1, and Yr10 by two dominant genes; and those to YrExp2 by two complementary dominant genes. The results are useful in breeding stripe rust-resistant wheat varieties and understanding virulence diversity.

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn

Ring ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Robert Krupa ◽  
Włodzimierz Meissner ◽  
Małgorzata Krupa ◽  
Agnieszka Sereda
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Timing Of Migration ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Almost All

Migration Dynamics and Seasonal Variation In the Biometrics of the Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) Migrating through the Lower Vistula Valley (N Poland) in Autumn The aim of this study was to present data on the phenology of autumn migration of the Eurasian Curlew passing the lower Vistula valley and to determine whether there is a difference in biometrics between early and late migrants, which may reflect different timing of migration of birds from different parts of the breeding range. Studies were conducted in the lower Vistula valley in 2003-2008. Median date of migration fell into 9-13 August pen-tade. The migration dynamics showed major day-to-day changes in bird numbers and almost all of observed flocks migrated without staying in the study area. Moreover, only one bird was caught twice during the season. It indicates that lower Vistula valley is not an attractive stopover site for Eurasian Curlews. There were significant differences in the total head lengths, bill lengths and body masses of birds caught in different ten-days periods with larger and heavier birds occurring towards the end of the study period (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: p < 0.05 in all cases). The gradual increase in the total head and bill lengths and probably also in body mass indicates that bigger birds from the eastern part of the breeding range migrate later than smaller birds, which breed in the west. There were no significant differences in wing length, tarsus length and tarsus with toe length (ANOVA, Neuman-Keuls test: p > 0.05 in all cases). Subspecies N. a. arquata and N. a. orientalis have similar wing length and in this study there were no significant differences for this measurement between following decades of the studied period. Collected data suggest that the wing length, which had clearly bimodal distribution, should be the best linear measurements for sexing at least juvenile Eurasian Curlews.

scholarly journals A Recombinant of Bean common mosaic virus Induces Temperature-Insensitive Necrosis in an I Gene-Bearing Line of Common Bean

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1251-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Feng ◽  
Alan R. Poplawsky ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Almost All ◽  
I Gene

The I gene is a single, dominant gene conferring temperature-sensitive resistance to all known strains of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). However, the closely related Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) induces whole plant necrosis in I-bearing genotypes of common bean, and the presence of additional, recessive genes is required to prevent this severe whole plant necrotic reaction caused by BCMNV. Almost all known BCMNV isolates have so far been classified as having pathotype VI based on their interactions with the five BCMV resistance genes, and all have a distinct serotype A. Here, we describe a new isolate of BCMV, RU1M, capable of inducing whole plant necrosis in the presence of the I gene, that appears to belong to pathotype VII and exhibits B-serotype. Unlike other isolates of BCMV, RU1M was able to induce severe whole plant necrosis below 30°C in bean cultivar Jubila that carries the I gene and a protective recessive gene bc-1. The whole genome of RU1M was cloned and sequenced and determined to be 9,953 nucleotides long excluding poly(A), coding for a single polyprotein of 3,186 amino acids. Most of the genome was found almost identical (>98%) to the BCMV isolate RU1-OR (also pathotype VII) that did not induce necrotic symptoms in ‘Jubila’. Inspection of the nucleotide sequences for BCMV isolates RU1-OR, RU1M, and US10 (all pathotype VII) and three closely related sequences of BCMV isolates RU1P, RU1D, and RU1W (all pathotype VI) revealed that RU1M is a product of recombination between RU1-OR and a yet unknown potyvirus. A 0.8-kb fragment of an unknown origin in the RU1M genome may have led to its ability to induce necrosis regardless of temperature in beans carrying the I gene. This is the first report of a BCMV isolate inducing temperature-insensitive necrosis in an I gene containing bean genotype.

Hereditary spino-cerebellar ataxia in a large Brazilian Kindred

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Carpilovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Temperature Sense ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Almost All

SummaryA large Brazilian family, of white ancestry, in which several members presented a spinocerebellar ataxia, was studied. Informations were obtained covering six generations, in a total of 337 related individuals. 116 of them were examined by the author. 18 presented the disease, and of these 10 were alive at the time of the study. Besides them, by her descendents, it was possible to find a carrier of the gene, who died in a preataxic age.The disease is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene, and appears at the age of 38.33 ± 1.74 years. Cerebellar, posterior chord and pyramidal alterations were present in the sick persons. Almost all the patients presented disturbances of the temperature sense. The disease had not lowered the viability and fertility of the affected persons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document