Hatching of Heterodera filipjevi in controlled and natural temperature conditions in Turkey

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Sahin ◽  
Julie M. Nicol ◽  
I. Halil Elekcioglu ◽  
Roger Rivoal
Keyword(s):  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Temperature ◽  
Heterodera Filipjevi ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Hatching Rates

Abstract The effect of different temperatures under both in vitro and in vivo conditions on the hatching behaviour of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi, was studied. Cumulative percent hatching was affected significantly by temperature after 290 days of incubation. Hatching was significantly greater at lower temperatures (5, 10 and 15°C) compared with that at the higher temperatures of 20 and 25°C, ranging between 75 and 94% vs 19 and 22%, respectively. The highest cumulative hatch of 94% was obtained at a constant temperature of 15°C at 290 days. However, the lowest cumulative hatch of 33% was obtained after initial exposure to 5°C followed by transfer to 25°C at day 290. In general, incubating the cysts at lower initial temperatures of 10 or 15°C for 58 days gave the highest initial hatching rates 1 week after exposure to the final temperatures. Under natural temperature conditions in the field, J2 emergence started at 17°C in October and continued until the end of April in the temperature range of 2-17°C. A total hatch of 94% was recorded under field temperature conditions over the course of 1 year. Hatch of most J2 occurred in two peaks; the first in October and the second in February, and, accordingly, the greatest invasion by H. filipjevi is most likely to occur just after these two peaks. Heterodera filipjevi does not seem to have a diapause and could hatch anytime when wheat plants are available.

LATTICE SIMULATION OF NASCENT PEPTIDE FOLDING

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2195-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAFENG ZHUO ◽  
LINSEN ZHANG ◽  
CHANGJUN CHEN ◽  
YI HE ◽  
YI XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Model ◽  
Peptide Folding ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Lattice Simulation ◽  
Native State ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Nascent Peptide ◽  
Two Stages

The nascent peptide folding in vivo is different from the denatured peptide refolding in vitro and can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, the peptide is folding as it is being synthesized until the whole peptide chain is synthesized. The final conformation formed in this stage is called as nascent state. In the second stage, the protein folds beginning with the nascent state formed in the first stage into the native state. We use a lattice model to simulate these two stages and investigate the folding time of the nascent peptide comparing with that of the denatured peptide refolding. Our results show that the synthesis process may affect the folding time of the nascent peptide. This may be helpful to understand why the former folds faster than the latter.

scholarly journals Effect of hepatocyte-stimulating factor and glucocorticoids on plasma fibronectin levels

1986 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Amrani ◽  
D Mauzy-Melitz ◽  
M W Mosesson
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Plasma Fibronectin ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Stimulating Factor

We evaluated the effects of hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF) and a glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) on changes in the levels, in vivo and in vitro, of plasma fibronectin (Fn), a glycoprotein that is synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes. In turpentine-treated chickens, plasma levels of Fn, which peaked at 48 h (whereas fibrinogen levels were maximum at 72 h) rose 200-250% over basal levels, whereas albumin levels decreased by 20-40%. Corticosterone levels in serum samples taken between 5 and 48 h after injection revealed a 124% increase in hormone levels at 24 h in turpentine-treated chickens. We also showed that circulating HSF levels were maximal 8 to 12 h after injection and that HSF activity, as assessed by molecular-exclusion chromatography, was eluted in the 30-45 kDa range. Addition of either serum-derived HSF or dexamethasone (2 nM) to chick hepatocyte cultures resulted in a 130-150% increase in secreted Fn as well as in fibrinogen. When HSF and dexamethasone were added together, a 360-489% increase in the secreted levels of both proteins was found. Chicken mononuclear phagocytic cells treated with lipopolysaccharide secreted an HSF activity that was eluted in two peaks, a minor peak at approximately 70 kDa and a major peak in the 25-40 kDa range. Addition of mononuclear-cell-derived HSF resulted in a greater increase in Fn levels than did the addition of serum HSF. These findings indicate that Fn, like fibrinogen, is an acute-phase protein, the production of which, at least in chickens, is stimulated by HSF and glucocorticoids in an additive manner.

scholarly journals Study on the Role of the Inclusion Complexes with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for Oral Administration of Amiodarone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Creteanu ◽  
Daniela Pamfil ◽  
Cornelia Vasile ◽  
Gladiola Tantaru ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Amiodarone Hydrochloride ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis ◽  
Powdered Form

The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of amiodarone hydrochloride (AMD) and the drug release using its inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexes were prepared by coprecipitation and freeze-drying. The solubility enhancement of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes by 4–22 times was evaluated by the phase solubility method. The inclusion complexes were studied both in solution and in solid state by spectroscopic methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis, SEM, and DSC. The formulations of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes both as powdered form and as matrix tablets showed superior pharmacokinetic performance in improving loading and release properties in respect of those of the insoluble AMD drug. In vitro kinetic study reveals a complex mechanism of release occurring in three steps: the first one being attributed to a burst effect and the other two to different bonding existing in inclusion complexes. An in vivo test on matrix tablets containing Kollidon® and chitosan also reveals a multiple (at least two) peaks release diagram because of both structures of the inclusion complexes and also of different sites of absorption in biological media (digestive tract).

scholarly journals Phospholipid composition and resistance to vitrification of in vivo blastocyst of a Brazilian naturalized porcine breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
J.F.W. Sprícigo ◽  
L.O. Leme ◽  
A.L. Guimarães ◽  
J.C. Oliveira Neto ◽  
P.C.P. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Porcine Embryo ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Hatching Rates

ABSTRACT Piau porcine blastocysts were submitted to MALDI-TOF to identify the main phospholipids (PL). After that, in vivo blastocysts (D6) were vitrified (n=52), non-vitrified were used as control (n=42). After warming, blastocysts were in vitro cultured to assess re-expansion and hatching at 24 and 48 hours. Finally, at 48 hours, hatched blastocysts were submitted to RT-qPCR searching for BCL2A1, BAK, BAX and CASP3 genes. For MALDI-TOF, the ion intensity was expressed in arbitrary units. Blastocyst development was compared by Qui-square (P< 0.05). Among the most representative PL was the phosphatidylcholine [PC (32:0) + H]+; [PC (34:1) + H]+ and [PC (36:4) + H]+. Beyond the PL, MALDI revealed some triglycerides (TG), including PPL (50:2) + Na+, PPO (50:1) + Na+, PLO (52:3) + Na+ and POO (52:2) + Na. Re-expansion did not differ (P> 0.05) between fresh or vitrified blastocysts at 24 (33.3%; 32.7%) or 48 hours (2.4%; 13.5%). Hatching rates were higher (P< 0.05) for fresh compared to vitrified at 24 (66.7%; 15.4%) and 48 hours (97.6%; 36.0%). BAX was overexpressed (P< 0.05) after vitrification. In conclusion, Piau blastocysts can be cryopreserved by Cryotop. This study also demonstrated that the apoptotic pathway may be responsible for the low efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation.

HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF EXTRACTS FROM ANIMAL MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Smirnov ◽  
Victor Keino ◽  
Ksenia Goryacheva ◽  
Alexander Shunk ◽  
Alexander Bondarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hematopoetic Stem Cell ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article presents the results of the research hemostimulating activity of aqueous extracts of antler young Siberean stag and drone larvae homogenate. These substrates were obtained from raw materials of animal origin. Altai Krai andAltaiRepublicare subjects of theRussian Federationwhich is the place of production of the raw material. Experiments were conducted in two stages. The first stage - in vitro, which included a research of experimental substrates on the culture of mouse marrow cells. During the experiments were obtained different results. We counted the number of colonies grown in cell culture for this. The second stage of experimenters - in vivo. It included an assessment of the myeloprotector on model of cytostatic myelosuppression of mice and analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood.

scholarly journals IMMUNIZATION OF DISSOCIATED SPLEEN CELL CULTURES FROM NORMAL MICE

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Mishell ◽  
Richard W. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Immunization ◽  
In Vitro Response

A culture system for cell suspensions from mouse spleens has been described. The system provides adequate conditions for in vitro immunization on initial exposure to heterologous erythrocytes. The in vitro response closely parallels that observed in vivo with respect to size, early kinetics, antigen dose, and the inhibitory effect of passive antibody. The response of cultured cells differs in two respects from that seen in vivo. There is an increase in the ability to discriminate between different varieties of homologous erythrocytes and the in vitro response does not appear to be limited by whatever mechanisms regulate the in vivo response.

Ontogenetic development of nutrient transporters in rat intestine

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. G593-G604 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Toloza ◽  
J. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Two Peaks

We measured intestinal brush-border uptakes of three sugars and three amino acids, plus intestinal morphometric parameters, in rats from the day of birth until adulthood. Rates of body weight gain had pronounced peaks in the suckling phase and again during weaning, separated by a dip at the onset of weaning. These two peaks coincided with peaks or plateaus in intestinal growth and in glucose (Glc) and proline (Pro) uptake capacities, which may provide the basis for high rates of body growth. Pro uptake declined relative to Glc uptake upon weaning, reflecting decreasing protein needs for growth and decreasing protein intake relative to carbohydrate intake. Fructose (Frc) and lysine uptake increased steeply on weaning, whereas galactose uptake declined relative to that of Glc. Rats prevented from normal weaning by being maintained on dry milk were generally similar to normal rats weaned onto chow. Notably, their Frc uptake still rose steeply on weaning despite low dietary Frc levels, suggesting hard-wired regulation of Frc transporter development. Our in vitro uptakes are similar to modern in vivo values in the same strain of rats. Nutrient uptake capacities exceed normal dietary intakes by only a modest safety margin.

scholarly journals Validation of the Turkey Semen Cryopreservation by Evaluating the Effect of Two Diluents and the Inseminating Doses

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Michele Di Iorio ◽  
Giusy Rusco ◽  
Roberta Iampietro ◽  
Lucia Maiuro ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Hatching Rates

This study was designed to test the fertilizing ability of cryopreserved turkey semen, and here, two experiments were performed: an in vitro analysis to assess the effects of Tselutin and Lake diluents and an in vivo test to determine the fertility and hatching rates by also studying the feat of three insemination doses (250, 400 and 600 × 106 sperm/hen). Pooled semen samples were diluted with Tselutin or Lake extender which contained 20% of dimethylsulfoxide and 1 mM of Ficoll at final sperm concentration of 3 × 109 sperm/mL. Thereafter, semen was packaged into straws and frozen on liquid nitrogen. The post-thaw sperm quality was evaluated considering motility (computer-aided sperm analysis—CASA system) and membrane integrity (flow cytometry). Significantly higher values of progressive motility and some kinetic parameters in semen frozen with Lake were found. When we compared the extenders in vivo, no significant effects were detected, whilst sperm concentration significantly affected both fertility and hatching rates, with the best results obtained with the sperm concentration of 400 × 106 sperm/hen. From the results obtained, it emerged that the extender type only affected sperm motility characteristics, not the fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed semen, while inseminating dose markedly affected fertility and hatching rates.

Europium-Doped Hydroxyapatite: Influence of Excitation Wavelength on the Eu3+ Luminescence in the Hydroxyapatite

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia R.O. Silva ◽  
Nelson B. de Lima ◽  
Deiby S. Gouveia ◽  
Nildemar A.M. Ferreira ◽  
Valter Ussui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Lanthanide Ion ◽  
Site Occupation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Eu

Hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with europium (HAEu) offers the advantage of making the hydroxyapatite a fluorescent biomarker, allowing their imaging through emissionin vivoandin vitrotests. Several authors had been based their studies about europium site occupation (CaI and CaII) in hydroxyapatite by the lanthanide ion luminescence, verifying the influence of the method of synthesis and concentration of the dopant ion. In this study HA nanoparticles doped with 1.4 mol% of trivalent europium were synthesized by co-precipitation method and thermal treated at different temperatures (600°C and 1200°C). A careful evaluation of the influence of the excitation wavelength of europium luminescence in the HAEu was performed and it has been verified that both the characteristics transitions of europium, at CaI and CaII sites, and the luminescent intensity are dependent on the excitation wavelength. The non-observance of this fact can lead to erroneous conclusions about the site occupation of europium in hydroxyapatites.

Rapid freezing of the mouse blastocyst: effects of cryoprotectants and of time and temperature of exposure to cryoprotectant before direct plunging into liquid nitrogen

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Li ◽  
A Trounson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
High Concentrations

This study investigates the effects of time and temperature of exposure to a high concentration (4.5 M) of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, 1,2-propanediol (PROH), or a mixture of DMSO and glycerol (DG) in a solution containing 0.25 M sucrose, on the survival and development of rapidly frozen mouse blastocysts. Embryos had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher rates of survival and development when exposed to cryoprotectant at 0 degree C compared with room temperature. The time of exposure to cryoprotectant at either 0 degree C or room temperature before being plunged into liquid nitrogen significantly (P less than 0.01) affected the survival and development of frozen-thawed embryos. Survival and development of blastocysts in vitro and in vivo was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher when exposed at 0 degree C for 10 min to DG, DMSO and glycerol than to PROH. It is concluded that, unlike early-cleavage stage embryos, blastocysts need to be equilibrated at a low temperature (0 degree C) with high concentrations of cryoprotectant before rapid freezing. Exposure of blastocysts to 4.5 M cryoprotectant and 0.25 M sucrose at room temperature either was toxic or else markedly reduced their viability after freezing and thawing, depending on the duration of the initial exposure.

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