scholarly journals Suppression of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, by short-term field cultivation and soil incorporation of mung bean

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Ai Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Ohta ◽  
Takeo Imura ◽  
Roland N. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Term Field ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Summary Our previous study using pots reported that short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) may be useful to decrease the density of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in soil. The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term growth of mung bean and its incorporation by ploughing decreased SCN density in infested fields. Firstly, we did pot experiments to evaluate the optimum temperature and moisture for hatching in soil. SCN hatching was stimulated at 25 and 30°C and not at 20°C; however, it was stimulated at alternating temperature conditions between 20 and 25°C. Soil moisture levels with pF 2.76 or less were required to stimulate SCN hatch in soil. Field experiments were done in Saitama, Kanagawa and Nara Prefectures, Japan. SCN density was reduced by nearly half even in control plots, in which mung bean was not cultivated and ploughed, in Saitama and Nara Prefectures. However, SCN density was reduced by nearly 80% or more in the three Prefectures, except for one plot in Kanagawa, and the soil temperature and moisture conditions were kept at around 20-30°C and at <pF 2.8. Increase in yield of green soybean by SCN control was estimated at 350 kg (1000 m)−2. Overall, the present study revealed that short-term field cultivation of mung bean and ploughing was a profitable method to decrease SCN density in infested fields and thereby to increase yield of green soybean.

Effect of short-term growth of mung bean and its soil incorporation on the density of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in pot experiments

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Wang Xiaoman ◽  
Daisuke Ito ◽  
Emi Yamada ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bean Sprout ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions

We previously reported that incorporation of bean sprout residue into soil stimulated hatching of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata), the raw material of bean sprout, and its incorporation into the soil on the density of SCN in soil. When mung bean was grown in pots for 2 and 4 weeks in a SCN-infested andosol, incorporated into the soil and further incubated for 2 weeks, the SCN density decreased markedly. Mung bean was also grown in pots under different moisture conditions. The SCN density decreased in the soils with 48-68 g water, but not with 39 g water (100 g dry soil)−1 in which mung bean grew the poorest. The present study suggests that short-term growth of mung bean may be useful to decrease the density of SCN in soil.

scholarly journals Soybean Cyst Nematode Reduces Soybean Yield Without Causing Obvious Aboveground Symptoms

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
T. L. Niblack ◽  
J. A. Tremain ◽  
W. J. Wiebold ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Development

Field experiments were conducted at locations in northern and southern Illinois, central Iowa, and central Missouri from 1997 to 1999 to investigate the effects of Heterodera glycines on soybean growth, development, and yield. A wide range of infestation levels was present at all locations. Two locally adapted cultivars, one resistant to H. glycines, were grown at each location. Cultivars were planted in alternating four-row strips with 76 cm between rows. For each cultivar, 20 1-m-long single-row plots were sampled every 2 weeks starting 4 weeks after planting. Infection by H. glycines reduced plant height and leaf and stem weight on the resistant cultivars in the first 12 weeks after planting, and delayed pod and seed development 12 to 14 weeks after planting. Biomass accumulation was not reduced on the susceptible cultivars until 10 weeks after planting; reduction in pod and seed development occurred throughout the reproductive stages. Susceptible cultivars produced significantly lower yields than resistant cultivars, but the yield reductions were not accompanied by visually detectable symptoms.

Comparative host suitability of common bean cultivars to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Ramin Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractThe first occurrence of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, on beans in Iran was documented when a cyst-forming nematode was detected in a commercial common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) field in Iran and subsequently identified as H. glycines. The population was identified as HG Type 0. Host suitability of the 11 P. vulgaris cultivars most commonly grown in the country were evaluated with that population in pot and field trials. Pot assays were conducted in a growth chamber and nematode reproduction on the cultivars was compared. In the field trials, host suitability of the tested entries was evaluated in a field naturally infested with H. glycines. In both the pot and field experiments, most of the common bean cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to the HG Type 0 populations of H. glycines. Common bean cvs Sayad and Dehghan were classified as moderately resistant in pot trials and were moderately resistant and moderately susceptible, respectively, in field trials. The occurrence of H. glycines in commercial bean production fields and lack of high levels of resistance of the commonly grown P. vulgaris cultivars could severely affect common bean and soybean production programmes in Iran.

Suppression of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, using water extract of bean sprout residue

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ito ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
Ghalia Missous Sedrati
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bean Sprout

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a widespread pest in most soybean-producing areas, causing serious damage to soybean crops and resulting in economic losses. We have previously reported that bean sprout residue might function as an environmentally-friendly control agent against SCN. In order to understand the role of water extracted from bean sprout residue as a possible factor in lowering the number of SCN, either water extract of bean sprout residue (WE) or water (W) was applied to pots containing soil infested with SCN, and komatsuna plants, a leafy vegetable, were grown in these pots. After 2 months, the number of SCN, estimated with real-time PCR, was 80% lower in WE than in W and the biomass of komatsuna plants was 100% higher in WE than in W, suggesting that WE has not only an SCN eradication effect but also a fertilisation effect. In field experiments, WE or W was applied ten times during the experimental period from July 2010 to June 2011. The number of SCN decreased by 82% in WE and by 36% in W; however, the marked decrease was observed only between July and September and between April and June. Green soybean plants were grown in the field where WE or W had been applied and the yield was markedly higher in WE (750 g m−2) than in W (200 g m−2). The hatching stimulation of SCN eggs by WE was tested at four different temperatures (10, 20, 25, 30°C) and was observed only at 25°C. These results show that water extract of bean sprout residue decreases the density of SCN and thereby damage to green soybeans, and that the suppressive effect depends on soil temperature.

scholarly journals Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

AAC Richard Soybean

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangfu Yu ◽  
Lorna Woodrow ◽  
M. Chun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
High Protein Concentration ◽  
Glycine Max L

AAC Richard is a food grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar with yellow hilum, high protein concentration, and good processing quality for foreign and domestic soymilk, tofu, and miso markets. It has resistance to SCN (soybean cyst nematode) (Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe). AAC Richard was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Harrow Research and Development Centre (Harrow-RDC), Harrow, Ontario and is adapted to areas of southwest Ontario with 3100 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.3 (MG 2.3).

scholarly journals Taxonomic Resolution of the Nematophagous Fungal Isolate ARF18 via Genome Sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Alex Z. Zaccaron ◽  
John B. Ridenour ◽  
Amy Bradshaw ◽  
Terry L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution

ABSTRACT The taxonomically uncharacterized nematophagous fungus ARF18, which parasitizes cysts, juveniles, and adults of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), was proposed as a nematode biological control agent in 1991. A 46.3-Mb draft genome sequence of this fungus is presented, and a tentative taxonomic identification as a novel species of Brachyphoris is proposed.

scholarly journals The genome of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) reveals complex patterns of duplications involved in the evolution of parasitism genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Masonbrink ◽  
Tom R. Maier ◽  
Usha Muppiral ◽  
Arun S. Seetharam ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Parasitism Genes ◽  
Nematode Genomes

AbstractHeterodera glycines, commonly referred to as the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is an obligatory and sedentary plant parasite that causes over a billion-dollar yield loss to soybean production annually. Although there are genetic determinants that render soybean plants resistant to certain nematode genotypes, resistant soybean cultivars are increasingly ineffective because their multi-year usage has selected for virulentH. glycinespopulations. The parasitic success ofH. glycinesrelies on the comprehensive re-engineering of an infection site into a syncytium, as well as the long-term suppression of host defense to ensure syncytial viability. At the forefront of these complex molecular interactions are effectors, the proteins secreted byH. glycinesinto host root tissues. The mechanisms of effector acquisition, diversification, and selection need to be understood before effective control strategies can be developed, but the lack of an annotated genome has been a major roadblock. Here, we use PacBio long-read technology to assemble aH. glycinesgenome of 738 contigs into 123Mb with annotations for 29,769 genes. The genome contains significant numbers of repeats (34%), tandem duplicates (18.7Mb), and horizontal gene transfer events (151 genes). Using previously published effector sequences, the newly generatedH. glycinesgenome, and comparisons to other nematode genomes, we investigate the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the emergence and diversification of effector genes.

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