scholarly journals Peasant Farming in the Southern Tracts of the Amazon: the Reluctant Alterity of Agribusiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A.R. Ioris
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Peasant Family

Abstract This article examines the main tendencies and perspectives of peasant family farming (PFF) in agricultural frontiers such as the Amazon. The ontological features of PFF are discussed, in particular the multiple associations with, and subsumption to, agribusiness. Due to national politico-economic pressures, the Amazon was reinvented half a century ago as a vibrant agricultural frontier that attracted a vast contingent of migrants due to coordinated government plans and, in more recent years, the cultivation of export-oriented crops. One very intriguing feature of this dynamic geography is that small family farming represents the Other of capitalist agriculture, but it functions as a hesitant form of alterity that both resists and fulfils agribusiness.

scholarly journals Hybrid Conceptual Model for Assessing Quality, Production and Satisfaction (SQual4Agri), in Agricultural Production Units, in Cape Verde

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Elsa Simões ◽  
Margarida Saraiva ◽  
Gottlieb Basch ◽  
António Ramos Pires ◽  
Álvaro Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Quality Production ◽  
Agricultural Organization

In Cape Verde, small family farming production suffers continuously from limited essential resources such as water and soil for a steady development. This situation is further aggravated by the lack of financial resources. We have developed a hybrid and multidimensional conceptual model for improvement of those small farming units by bringing together concepts of quality management, farmers’ satisfaction evaluation and production capabilities. The model we have built was the result of an inquiry based on Focus Group study with 15 farmers and it was carried out in 2019. We name the model as SQual4Agri and this is a step toward improvement in small family based agricultural organization, namely in productivity, responsibility sharing, communication and quality management.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Agricultural Systems in Paraguay: A Comparative Study Using FAO’s SAFA Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Soldi ◽  
Maria José Aparicio Meza ◽  
Marianna Guareschi ◽  
Michele Donati ◽  
Amado Insfrán Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Indigenous Agriculture ◽  
Peasant Family

Sustainability is a topic that is at the center of current discussions in the political, economic, social, and environmental fields. For its analysis, an integral and multidisciplinary vision is needed. This work aims to assess the sustainability of agricultural systems in Paraguay through a comparison applying SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems) indicators. The research focuses on 15 case studies on the territory of the Eastern Region of Paraguay divided into five classes of agricultural systems: agribusiness, conventional peasant family farming, agroecological peasant family farming, neo-rural farming, and indigenous agriculture. Data were collected through interviews with producers and key informants, direct observation, and scientific literature research in order to assess, through the SAFA Tool Software, the level of sustainability of each agricultural system as a whole and for each sustainability dimension (political, environmental, economic, and social dimension) in a comparative way. It has emerged that producers belonging to conventional peasant family farming, agroecological peasant family farming, neo-rural farming, and indigenous agriculture have achieved levels of sustainability that are similar to each other and very good in all four dimensions of sustainability. Meanwhile, agribusiness achieved moderate scores in the dimensions of governance and environmental integrity, and was good in the economic and social dimension.

scholarly journals Designing Household Scale Water Filtering with Two Tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
Sugiyanto Sugiyanto ◽  
Miftahudin Yudiansyah ◽  
Rizky Anggit Maya Olif Fatul Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
Small Family

The basic concept of water treatment by filtering is to separate solids or colloids from water using a filter. In the screening process there are two types, namely physics and biology. The particles in the turbid water will be physically retained by the sand layer in the filter. On the other hand, pathogenic bacteria that are retained by the filter will be destroyed by the filter installed. The design process in this paper is a simple process that can be assembled by a small family and the price is quite cheap.

Family Farming and Household Enterprise in a Philippine Community, 1971–1988: Persistence or Proletarianization?

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Eder
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
The One ◽  
Farming Households

The tenacity of family-farming householdsin agrarian economies experiencing capitalist penetration has long figured in a debate about the ultimate consequences of such penetration for agrarian social structure. On the one hand are those who argue that, while various forces may work to speed or delay the process, the most likely long-term outcome of the capitalization of agriculture is that envisioned by Lenin: polarization of the countryside into two opposing classes, capitalist farmers and landless laborers, linked by wage relations (Bartra 1974; de Janvry 1981). On the other hand are those who claim that, at least under some conditions, capitalist farming can stimulate small-scale entrepreneurship and socioeconomic differentiation, with the attendant persistence of small family farms (Goodman and Redclift 1982:109–12; Maclachlan 1987:16–23).

Presidential Address: Great Historical Enterprises II. The Maurists

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 169-187
Author(s):  
M. D. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Small Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Bodies

Ayear ago our theme was the work of the Bollandists. Their name suggests immediately, to all acquainted with European historiography, the name of another body of religious, many of them the contemporaries of Henskens and Papebroch, and it would be impossible to omit from even the shortest list of great historical enterprises the achievement of the Maurists. The two bodies of men and their work, nevertheless, have little in common save an equal devotion to accurate scholar-ship. What impresses us in the history of Bollandism is its continuity of spirit and undeviating aim over more than three hundred years, during which a very small but perpetually self-renewing group has pursued a single narrowly defined task, which is still far from completion. With the Maurists, on the other hand, it is the magnitude, the variety and the high quality of the achievement that strikes the imagination. While the Bollandists, a small family in a single house, have in three centuries produced in major work no more than a row of sixty-seven folios, the Maurists, in a little more than a hundred years, published matter enough to stock a small library, and left behind them letters, papers and transcripts which have been used and exploited by scholars for nearly two centuries since. Indeed, it would be both impossible and alien to the scope of our interests to attempt the briefest survey of Maurist scholarship in its entirety, and my remarks to-day will be confined to their publications on European history after the decline of the Roman Empire. Who were the Maurists, and wherein lay their peculiar excellence?

scholarly journals Evasion of CO2 and dissolved carbon in river waters of three small catchments in an area occupied by small family farms in the eastern Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Silva da Rosa ◽  
Ricardo De Oliveira Figueiredo ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Alex Vladimir Krusche ◽  
Fabíola Fernandes Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Small Catchments

CO2 effluxes from streams and rivers has been hypothesized to be a critical pathway of carbon flow from the biosphere back to the atmosphere. This study was conducted in three Amazonian small catchments to evaluate carbon evasion and dynamics, where land-use change has occurred on small family-farms. Monthly field campaigns were conducted from June 2006 to May 2007 in the Cumaru (CM), Pachibá (PB) and São João (SJ) streams. Electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen measurements were done in situ, while water samples were collected to determine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, as well as carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2) and CO2 evasion fluxes. Instantaneous discharge measured by a current meter was used to calculate DOC fluxes. The sites’ DOC, DIC, pCO2, and CO2 flux measurements ranged as follows, respectively: 0.27 - 12.13 mg L-1; 3.5 - 38.9 mg L-1; 2,265 - 26,974 ppm; and 3.39 - 75.35 μmol m-2 s-1. DOC annual flux estimates for CM, SJ and PB were, respectively, 281, 245, and 169 kg C ha-1. CO2 evasion fluxes ranged from 3.39 to 75.35 μmol m-2 s-1, with an average of 22.70 ± 1.67 μmol m-2 s-1. These CO2 evasion fluxes per unit area were similar to those measured for major Amazonian rivers, thus confirming our hypothesis that small streams can evade substantial quantities of CO2. As secondary vegetation is abundant as a result of family farming management in the region, we conclude that this vegetation can be a major driver of an abundant carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani isolates to yerba-mate and production of extracellular enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mezzomo ◽  
Jéssica Mengue Rolim ◽  
Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos ◽  
Tales Poletto ◽  
Clair Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Fusarium Spp

ABSTRACT The yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has great socioeconomic importance on family farming in Southerm Brazil. One of the main yerba-mate disease is root rotting, caused by Fusarium spp. Little is known about the pathogen physiology, especially regarding the aggressiveness associated with the production of extracellular enzymes. On this work, the aggressiveness of isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani pathogenic to yerba-mate was evaluated and it was determined the activities of extracellular enzymes catalase, laccase, cellulase, caseinase, amylase, protease, lipase and pectinases produced by Fusarium spp. in culture medium. Six isolates of F. solani and one isolate of F. oxysporum pathogenic to yerba-mate were used. The F. oxysporum isolate proved to be less aggressive in relation to the other F. solani isolates. All isolates of Fusarium spp. produced, on a semiquantitative manner, the extracellular enzymes catalase, laccase, cellulase, caseinase, amylase, protease, lipase and pectinases (polygalacturonase and pectate lyase). However, the quantity produced for each enzyme was significantly different among the isolates. With the exception of the laccase and polygalacturonase enzymes, the M7C1 isolate showed the highest enzymatic index and was also responsible for the highest percentage of yerba-mate seedlings death.

Socio-Environmental Controversies in Peasant Family Farming in Chile’s Ñuble Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2098869
Author(s):  
Manuel Facundo Correa ◽  
Beatriz Eugenia Cid Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Development ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
South Central ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Small Producers

Analysis of the discourse on socio-environmental controversies among peasant family farmers in the Ñuble region of south-central Chile—small organic producers, conventional small producers, agroecological producers, and members of peasant unions—allows the identification of their positions on the controversy between alternatives to development and alternative development. Un análisis del discurso sobre las controversias socioambientales que existen entre las familias campesinas en la región de Ñuble, en el centro-sur de Chile (pequeños productores orgánicos, pequeños productores convencionales, productores agroecológicos y miembros de sindicatos campesinos) permite identificar sus posturas en torno a la polémica entre alternativas al desarrollo y el desarrollo alternativo.

scholarly journals How to evaluate the services of a small beauty salon in Manaus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1535-1553
Author(s):  
Jonas Gomes da Silva ◽  
Karen Cristhina Oliveira Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Business Administration ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beauty Salon ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Small And Medium Business

The research evaluates the performance of the services provided by the Nivea Mangabeira Space Salon, located in the Redenção district of Manaus City, capital of Amazonas. To this end, for 20 days in November 2019, a questionnaire was applied to 50 clients, containing twenty items referring to the five quality dimensions: Tangible Aspects, Reliability, Responsibility, Assurance, and Empathy. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and after analyzing the results, it was concluded that empathy is the best performing dimension, indicating that professionals have a great relationship with clients and that they feel very well treated. On the other hand, the Tangible Aspects dimension had the lowest performance, even though the hall structure being considered good, it can be improved. Suggested improvements by respondents include parking, a wider place, offering snacks, courtesies or promotions for birthday people, always having coffee, doing micro-pigmentation wire-to-wire and hiring more professionals for the most demanding days. As for management, it is recommended that managers pursue improvement courses in small and medium business administration at SEBRAE-AM, CETAM or in another establishment, to professionalize its management, leaving a small family-based company to maybe become a national franchise.

Can credit help small family farming? Evidence from Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gori Maia ◽  
Gabriela dos Santos Eusébio ◽  
Rodrigo Lanna Franco da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Credit Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a Brazilian rural credit program, The National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF), on small family farming production. Design/methodology/approach The method is based on a quasi-experimental approach (propensity score matching) applied to 4.1m family farmers in Brazil. Findings Results show that farmers accessing PRONAF tended to be positively selected in terms of several observable characteristics, such as land size and agricultural practices. Moreover, PRONAF had positive and differentiated impacts on agricultural production. The impact was larger in the poorest region when compared to the regions characterized by intensive and commercial farming. Research limitations/implications The rural credit information was restricted to one crop year, making impossible to analyze the mid- and long-term impacts of the credit program on agricultural production. Practical implications The study provides some practical implications for policies of rural development. First, rural credit does matter for agricultural production of small family farmers. Nonetheless, since credit programs are large subsidized by the rest of the population, further studies are still needed the aggregate costs and benefits of these schemes. Results also revealed that PRONAF may have contributed to reduce regional inequalities, since the impact was larger in the poorest NE region. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive analysis of how rural credit has impacted small-farm agricultural production, using large and representative data – the whole population of Brazilian family farmers.

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