Islam and Constitutionalism in Afghanistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Tarzi
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Authority ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A constitution is adopted to regulate the relationship between political authorities and the people in a society. Traditionally, this relationship was very loose in Afghanistan; over time, however, as amirs sought to consolidate political and social authority over their society, the establishment of a constitutional framework became a priority for each new leader. This article chronicles Afghanistan’s state formation and constitutional history, beginning with Amir Dust Mohammad Khan’s state consolidation efforts in 1838, and considering all of the constitutions of the country beginning in 1923 continuing to the present. It details the central role both Islam and Afghanistan’s ethno-sectarian diversity have played in constitutional efforts throughout Afghanistan’s history and emphasizes the need for both to ensure a representative, inclusive society in Afghanistan.

Tamil Theology and Ancestor Worship

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (S-2) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Ramarajapandian V
Keyword(s):  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In ancient times, the loved ones had the tradition of worshipping their virtues after their demise. The practice of growing more and more family was practiced when those who worked for their family to progress were worshipped after their deaths. One of the rituals is to make the dead sieve. The ancestral worship is to pay tribute to the experiences of the ancestors who have been with us in the relationship and blood of the tribes. This cult was associated with the middle stone worship of the people of this group over time. These are the foundations of the study of the ancient cult sculptors and theories of the present day.

Democracy and Child Rights Protection

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Oluwafifehan Ogunde
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Law Making

The doctrine of constitutional supremacy is well entrenched in Nigerian constitutional and administrative law. A plethora of cases exists to establish the constitution as the supreme law-making instrument in Nigeria. This principle derives strength from a presumption that the constitution is reflective of the will of the people, as is expected under a democratic system of government. The aim of this chapter is to consider the relationship between human rights and democracy in the context of the Nigerian constitution. The first part of this chapter will be a brief overview of the Nigerian constitutional history leading up to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). The author will then proceed to examine the 1999 constitution in the context of child rights. The significance of constitutional peculiarities in the context of child rights protection will be considered with reform measures suggested to address any emergent complexities.

scholarly journals CHANGES - DAILY REALITY AND NECESSITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1311
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gonovski ◽  
Sandra Gonovska
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Changes are constantly present among us. The changes are a daily occurrence no matter in which area of life. They are something that moves humankind and causes its development. However, not all have the same attitude towards the changes. Some people look forward to, others avoid them, some joy to them, others avoid to them, some fear into them, while others rejoice changes, some see opportunity in them, some see danger from them. Whatever is the relationship of individuals to change, everyone must face them someday. The change management has no formal structure, a pre-prepared plan, but it takes place spontaneously and the reactions occur in a single place. He is an unpredictable process. The change management plan is designed to cause changes to: - Processes - Organizational structure - The people - Strategies All undertaken activities for implementing the changes ultimately reflect the above categories. In addition, the changes can also can be divided into episodic vs continuous change. Another dividing is a divide of Continuous Organizational changes in two scales: radical - incremental and core - peripheral. A common reaction to almost all people of change is fear. Fear of the unknown cause’s people initially resists resistance. However, over time and after undertaking certain activities, the changes are accepted as a necessity.

KOMUNITAS SOSIAL “SIGER” DI LAMPUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Hiskia Given Stehan ◽  
Suwandi Supatra
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Basically, humans are not far from all kinds of things that are related to social matters, both personally and in groups, and have been around for centuries, which have been summarized or adhered to by the traditions that characterize humans in a place. However, over time, the early traditions became lost and replaced in the form of global modernization which indirectly changed the form of early social activities. Because of this shift in social activities, the relationship with the community at the top level shifted slightly because the traditional relationship also shifted. It is the problem that has arisen as a result of this shift that causes human dwelling begin to change. Therefore, the aim of this result is to fuse social problems between the community at the top level and the surrounding community with modern forms within the scope of traditions which are the source of social life. Because within the scope of the people of Lampung, the unifier of the community is the symbol of Siger which will be the center of the design results.Keyword: Dwelling; Humans; Modernization; Siger; Traditions Abstrak Manusia pada dasarnya tidak jauh dari segala macam hal yang bersangkutan pada hal sosial, baik secara personal dan kelompok, dan sudah ada sejak dari abad lama yang dirangkum atau dianut secara adat tradisi yang menjadi ciri khas manusia di suatu tempat.  Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, tradisi awal menjadi menghilang tergantikan dalam bentuk modernisasi dari global yang secara tidak langsung mengganti bentuk kegiatan sosial awal. Karena adanya pergeseran kegiatan sosial tersebut, maka hubungan dengan masyarakat dengan tingkat atas sedikit bergeser karena hubungan tradisi yang juga bergeser. Masalah yang timbul akibat pergesaran inilah yang membuat bentuk berhuni manusia mulai berubah. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari hasil ini untuk melebur masalah sosial antara masyarakat dengan tingkat teratas maupun masyarakat sekitarnya dengan bentuk yang modern dalam lingkup adat tradisi yang menjadi sumber kehidupan bersosial. Karena dalam lingkup masyarakat Lampung, maka sebagai pemersatu masyarakat adalah berlambang Siger yang akan menjadi pusat dari hasil perancangan.

Linguistic and Geographical Dynamics of Orographic Terms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
B Abdualiuly
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The terrain is diverse. Depending on the features in different regions, geographicalobjects are assigned different names. Each nation, based on its life and worldview, depending onnature, gives different names to the places in which it lives. The article will provide a linguistic andgeographical analysis of the relationship of the triad man – earth – name, taking into account thetraditions common to all peoples inhabiting the Earth, including the principles of naming theKazakh ethnic group. Geographical names in modern science are evaluated as the “language of theearth”. It is divided into generalizing and individualizing names. The generalizing names includefolk terms, the individualizing names are toponyms, the first have a descriptive meaning, the secondare individualizing, i.e. they perform the function of personification from other forms. Since theyare closely related to each other, they originate from each other, in most cases they are of a longnature. This is the evolutionary dynamics of language development.In this article, prepared on the basis of the concepts of “interdisciplinary connection”,“complexity”, which attract attention by their relevance in modern science, the regularities of thedevelopment of orographic terms are also considered. The course of development is divided intoterminological, as an element of an artistic language, and toponymic directions of development. Thefigurative meaning, the term meaning, the toponymic meaning are a vivid manifestation of thesethree directions in one word. The truth is that over time, becoming more and more autonomousfrom each other, each in its own way turns into a separate sphere. The research is devoted to thetheoretical and applied description of the degree of quality with the definition of the lexical systemof orographic terms that have developed in the language of the people for centuries.

scholarly journals Ambiguitas, Interkulturalitas, Dan Hibriditas Relasional Dalam Relasi Antara Israel Dan Bangsa-Bangsa Lain

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Robert Setio
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Active Response ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstrak: Artikel ini merupakan analisis terhadap hubungan antara Israel dan bangsa-bangsa lainnya dengan menggunakan pemikiran tentang “liyan.” Dalam masyarakat multikultural kehadiran liyan tidak terhindarkan dan menuntut tanggapan yang sungguh-sungguh. Keadaan ini pada gilirannya akan menciptakan ambiguitas, sebagaimana yang dialami oleh Israel. Penemuan arkeologis akhir-akhir ini membuktikan bahwa hubungan antara Israel dengan bangsa-bangsa lain ternyata tidak seperti yang dilukiskan oleh Alkitab. Israel bukanlah sebuah bangsa yang pada suatu masa datang ke Kanaan yang sudah berpenduduk, tetapi mereka muncul secara bertahap dari antara bangsa Kanaan sendiri. Maka, Israel memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan bangsa-bangsa lain itu. Pada pihak lain, Israel juga menumbuhkan sebuah ideologi yang lama-kelamaan akan membentuk mereka menjadi sebuah bangsa. Telah disarankan agar hubungan antara Israel dengan bangsa-bangsa lain itu dipandang sebagai hubungan interkultural. Meskipun pandangan itu masuk akal, namun penulis hendak mengajukan cara pandang lain. Cara pandang itu adalah hibriditas relasional. Dalam pandangan ini, Israel dilihat sebagai sebuah bangsa yang bersifat hibrid, namun bukan dalam arti yang statis. Hibriditas di sini dipandang sebagai sebuah keadaan yang menuntut tanggapan aktif. Dengan kata lain, kesamaan dan perbedaan antara Israel dengan bangsa-bangsa lainnya tidak boleh dianggap sebagai sebuah kondisi yang sudah jadi melainkan terus-menerus dalam proses pembentukan. Kata-kata kunci: Liyan, ambiguitas, budaya, interkultural, agama, kesamaan, perbedaan, hibriditas relasional.   Abstract: This article will analyze the relationship between Israel and other nations using the concept of “the other.” In a multicultural society, the presence of the other is unavoidable and demands a serious response. This, however, creates ambiguity, as experienced by Israel. Recent archeological findings have proven that the relationship between Israel and other nations mentioned in the Bible was unlike the description provided by the Bible. Israel was not a separate nation that came into an already occupied land of Canaan, but rather, it gradually emerged as agroup from within the people of the land. Therefore, it can be expected that this nation shared many similarities with its cohabitants. On the other hand, it also developed a distinctive ideology which over time formed Israel as a separate nation. It has been suggested to consider the relationship between Israel and the others through the lens of interculturality. This article proposes another perspective, that is, a relational hybridity. From this perspective, Israel is seen as a hybrid nation. The hybridity is understood as a state of life, but, as one that always demands an active response. In other words, it is a process continously evolving. Keywords: The other, ambiguity, intercultural, religion, similarity, difference, hybridity, relational

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Rethinking social remittances and the migration-development nexus from the perspective of time

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Levitt ◽  
Deepak Lamba-Nieves
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
Over Time

This article explores how the conceptualization, management, and measurement of time affect the migration-development nexus. We focus on how social remittances transform the meaning and worth of time, thereby changing how these ideas and practices are accepted and valued and recalibrating the relationship between migration and development. Our data reveal the need to pay closer attention to how migration’s impacts shift over time in response to its changing significance, rhythms, and horizons. How does migrants’ social influence affect and change the needs, values, and mind-frames of non-migrants? How do the ways in which social remittances are constructed, perceived, and accepted change over time for their senders and receivers?

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