The Extended-Expert-As-Teacher (EEAT) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-435
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Blado
Keyword(s):  
Double Counting ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Novices And Experts ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Teacher Model

Abstract Recently, social epistemologists have sought to establish what the governing epistemic relationship should be between novices and experts. In this article, the author argues for, and expands upon, Helen De Cruz’s expert-as-teacher model. For although this model is vulnerable to significant challenges, the author proposes that a specifically extended version can sufficiently overcome these challenges (call this the “extended-expert-as-teacher” model, or the “EEAT” model). First, the author shows the respective weaknesses of three influential models in the literature. Then, he argues the expert-as-teacher model can overcome its weaknesses by adding what he calls the “Authority Clause”, “Advisor Clause”, and “Ex Post Facto Clause” of the EEAT model. After developing a robust account of these clauses, the author entertains three major objections. First, he responds to the charge that the EEAT model is little better than the expert-as-authority model. Second, he responds to a double-counting objection. Lastly, he responds to a pragmatic objection from complexity.

Preach What You Practice. The Security Council and the Legalisation ex post facto of the Unilateral Use of Force

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Österdahl
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn recent years the UN Security Council has entered the scene of action several times after a unilateral military intervention has already taken place. The Security Council has adopted comprehensive schemes for the reconstruction of the countries intervened in and has authorised both civil and military international presences. Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq are examples of such recent situations, and Liberia is an example from the early 1990s. This article makes the argument that, through its resolutions, the Security Council contributes to the legalisation ex post facto of the unilateral interventions, whether it wants to or not. The Security Council is caught in a trap set by those who undertake the intervention without prior Security Council authorisation.The only way the Security Council could escape the retroactive legalising effect of its resolutions would be by clearly stating in the resolution its intention not to authorise the preceding intervention. Even then, it may be that the Security Council could not escape the power of its own practice. A persistent practice of adopting reconstruction resolutions ex post facto would carry greater legal weight than the professed intention not to legalise the preceding unilateral intervention.Still, authorisation ex post facto may be better than no authorisation at all.

scholarly journals The Effect of Training Method and Educability on Karate-Kata Skill

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Tatang Muhtar ◽  
Yunyun Yudiana
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Training Method ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Test Instrument ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Better Than

This study was aimed at examining the effect of whole part hole training method and whole training method on the karate-kata skill of the students with high motor educability and low motor educability who joined Karate extracurricular. The method used was the ex post facto method with factorial design 2x2. The samples of the study were 80 elementary school students joining Karate extracurricular in SDIT Darul Ma’arif, Bandung Districts. The training was conducted twice a week for 20 weeks. The test instrument used was the karate-kata Heian Shodan test instrument. The obtained data were analyzed by MS Excel 2010 software with two-way Anova test. The results of the study show that: the whole part whole training method has a better impact on the karate-kata skill than the whole training method; the karate-kata skill of the high motor educability group was better than the low motor educability group; there was no interaction between the training method and motor educability on the mastery of karate-kata skill. According to the result of the study, it concludes that the whole part whole training method is more effective that the whole training method, while a high motor educability is better than the low motor educability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pre-service Teacher’s Understanding Chemical Concept In Project Based Learnig Based On Critical Thinking Disposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yayuk Andayani ◽  
Hasnawati Hasnawati ◽  
Saprizal Hadisaputra
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Critical Thinking Disposition ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Thinking Disposition ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Process Material

This research is an Ex Post Facto research aims to analyze understanding of concept pre-service teacher’s that learns using project based learning (PjBL) based on critical thinking disposition (CTD). The research subject is chemistry pre-service teacher’s, Mataram University whose programmed Physics Chemistry 3 Course.. The variables consist of attribute variable are PjBL and CTD and dependent variable is understanding of concept. CTD data obtained through critical thinking disposition instrumen and content knowledge data obtained through multiple choice three tier test. The results of the analysis show that the level of understanding of the concept of the students with the category of understanding the concept well has a higher percentage for the high positive CTD group than the low positive KcBK group with the percentage 64.6% and 55.56% respectively. Further analysis results of each material obtained the percentage of understanding the concept correctly highest on photochemical material (62.5%) and lowest on ireversible process material (58.33%). Based on the analysis result, it is concluded that the level of understanding of chemistry concept of high positive CTD group is better than the low positive CTD group and PjBL is able to facilitate prospective teachers to understand the concept

scholarly journals Pengaruh Personality dan Gender terhadap Wawasan Lingkungan Siswa (Students Ecological Word View)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Asrar Habibie
Keyword(s):  
Male Student ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Woman Student ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this research is to know students perspective to the environmental insights related to personality and gender, on the subjects of biology. This research use method ex post facto research with ANAVA 2x2 models. The instrument used in this study is a test. A view of students to the environment that are constructed in the human mind then reflected became the basis for interacting with the environment and action to the environment. Personality is the human nature that dynamic to respond and react and interact relatively stable with other people or the environment in accordance with the underlying dimensions of personality that is conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion in order to achieve personal goals. Gender is equity in the opportunity to actively participate in social programs based on gender differences factor. This means that the gender variable divide students according to gender.  Male and female student have diversity of looking at the surrounding environment so that environmental insight of students who have a high personality better than the environment insight students have low personality. Environmental insight into the male student better than woman student.

scholarly journals Problematika Pembelajaran Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Nicky Rosadi
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to analyze the problems of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The methods used in this research are ex post facto and survey methods. The result is that online learning is not about what applications teachers use to teach their students. Teachers should not be busy debating which platform is better than another. However, teachers should realize that the most important thing is to apply teaching principles. Teaching is a process of making someone who doesn't know knows. The interaction between teachers and students is the key to conveying information. This information delivery room must be appropriate and easily accessible so that meetings between teachers and students can occur and give birth to neat and good interactions. In other words, a virtual study room must be highly accessible. In addition, the delivery of this interaction also needs to be arranged in such a way that students do not feel forced or forced to "eat" information from their teachers. Study time management needs to be applied in the implementation of online learning during this covid-19 pandemic. Based on the research conducted, it is known that interaction, accessibility, and time management really need to be considered in the application of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Komparasi Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Berdasarkan Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Sehabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
Better Than

Abstrak: Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan prestasi  belajar matematika siswa  berdasarkan gender di MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian ex post facto, dimana data yang dianalisis adalah data prestasi siwa laki-laki dan perempuan yang sudah ada dan di dokumentasikan  oleh guru. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VII, VIII dan IX Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 49 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dengan Analisis variansi satu jalan dengan sel tak sama diperoleh nilai Fhitung = 2.2897 lebih besar dari Ftabel = 1.97, sehingga dapat di simpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara prestasi belajar siswa berdasarkan gender di Madrasah Tsanawiyan Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji simple effect antar prestasi siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan untuk mengetahui manakah yang lebih baik antara prestasi siswa laki-laki ataukah siswa perempuan. Dari uji tersebut diperoleh nilai F hitung menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu Fhitung = 2.5943 lebih besar dari Ftabel=1.97. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa perempuna lebih baik dari pada siswa laki-laki di MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Abstract: As regards to this research is aimed to know if there is differences in students mathematics learning achievement based on their gender in MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur around 2016/2017. This research approach is using quntitative research with eks post facto type, where the analysis data is the achievement of students boys and girls which is documented by teacher. The object of this research is all of students grade  VII, VIII, and IX in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur in second semester around  2016/2017 on 49 student. Based on data analysis output which done it with variansi analysis one way with another it given count value =2.2897 more than table =1.97,  it concluded that there are the significant differences among students learning achievement based on their  gender in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur. Afterwards, simple effect examination activity between boys and  girls student to know their better achievement from both of them. From that examination,  it given F value show the significant differences. The F value =2.5943 more than table=1.97.  In conclusion, it shows that learning girls student achievement is better than boys in MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur around 2016/2017.

STUDI PENGARUH UMUR DAN TINGGI BATANG TERHADAP STRUKTUR SERAT SIFAT FISIK MORFOLOGI DAN KIMIA BATANG BAMBU APUS Gigantochloa apus Kurz

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Hery Purnobasuki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Bamboo Culm ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than

Characteristic and anatomical study of Gigantochloa apus was carried out to know the fiber structure, morphological, physical, and chemical properties on various age and part of culm height. The research was done by ex post facto design and the data was analyzed by observational description. For anatomical observation, materials were processed using paraffin, PEG, and wood method and maceration for fiber structure. The result showed that inter-nodus amount, diameter, and wall thickness was increase in older culm. Fiber length was 3.8 mm in average, and older culms have longer fiber than the young ones and within the same culm, the lower part had longer fibers than the upper part. The fresh density (0.97-1.17 g/ml) and the oven dry density (0.57-0.79 g/ml) of this bamboo, it was higher for the older culm than younger culm. Liquor sorption (in NaOH 5 percent solution) into bamboo chips was fairly good. The sorption into the young bamboo was faster and better than into older bamboo. Young bamboo culms contain more water than older culms and the top part within the same culm contain litte water than lower part. The total cellulose in young bamboo culm was higher than the older (64 percent-54 percent), but the lignin on the contrary in lower (14 percent-28 percent). At the bottom part, the lignin was higher than the upper prt. The ash content was high (1.6 percent-4.5 percent) and its fluctuated based on age and the height part of culm.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Personality dan Gender Terhadap Wawasan Lingkungan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Riwan Laraga
Keyword(s):  
Female Student ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

Personality is the human nature that dynamic to respond and react and interact relatively stable with other people or the environment in accordance with the underlying dimensions of personality that is conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion in order to achieve personal goals. Gender is equity in the opportunity to actively participate in social programs based on gender differences factor. This means that the gender variable divide students according to gender. The purpose of this research is to know students perspective to the environmental insights related to personality and gender. This research use method ex post facto research with ANAVA 2x2 models. The instrument used in this study is a test. A view of students to the environment that are constructed in the human mind then reflected became the basis for interacting with the environment and action to the environment.. Male and female student have diversity of looking at the surrounding environment so that environmental insight of students who have a high personality better than the environment insight students have low personality Personaliti adalah sifat-sifat seseorang yg dinamis dalam merespon dan bereaksi serta berinteraksi yang relatif stabil dengan orang lain atau lingkungannya sesuai dengan dimensi yang mendasari kepribadian yaitu conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pribadi. Gender adalah kesetaraan dalam memperoleh kesempatan untuk berperan aktif dalam program sosial berdasarkan faktor perbedaan jenis kelamin. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel gender membagi siswa menurut jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tetang cara pandang terhadap wawasan lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan personality dan gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian ex post facto dengan model ANAVA 2x2. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes . Siswa pria maupun wanita memiliki keragaman dalam memandang lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga wawasan lingkungan siswa yang berpersonality tinggi lebih baik dari pada wawasan lingkungan berpersonality rendah dan wasawasan lingkungan pria lebih baik dari pada wanita.

Pengaruh Motivasi, Sikap, Minat, dan Gaya Belajar Statistik Mahasiswa Terhadap Kemampuan Menganalisis Persoalan Penelitian

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azis
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bahwa motivasi, sikap, minat, dan gaya belajar statistik matematika mahasiswa secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian; dan motivasi, sikap, minat, dan gaya belajar statistik matematika mahasiswa masing-masing berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode ex post facto dengan desain korelasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin Baubau pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika yang pelaksanaannya pada semester Gasal Tahun Akademik 2016/2017. Populasinya adalah seluruh mahasiswa yang memprogram mata kuliah Statistik Matematika II Tahun Akademik 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 145 orang. Dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling, diambil minimal 30% dari keseluruhan sampel, dan diambil 51 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data setiap variabel adalah angket dan tes yang disusun sendiri oleh peneliti. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk mengelolah data yang diperoleh dari responden adalah teknik statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diuraikan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) motivasi, sikap, minat, dan gaya belajar statistik matematika mahasiswa secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian; 2) motivasi belajar statistik mahasiswa berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian; 3) sikap belajar statistik mahasiswa berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian; 4) minat belajar statistik mahasiswa berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian; dan 5) gaya belajar statistik mahasiswa berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menganalisis persoalan penelitian pada mahasiswa pendidikan matematika FKIP Unidayan.

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