Balkan Countries in the World: Aging Process within the Age Structural Transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Maria Carella ◽  
Sara Grubanov-Bošković
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transition ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Country ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Specific Index ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Scalogram Analysis

This article intends to approach the phenomenon of population aging within the conceptual framework of structural transition. In this work the authors put forward a method of defining the variety of evolutionary trajectories – the result of different sets of fertility-mortality interactions – on the global level and hence identify the position of each Balkan country within the worldwide demographic order of the past four decades (1971–2015). The authors then propose a specific index – the structural dissimilarity index – to measure the corresponding transformations inherent to the population age structure and link the results with the prospects that emerge on the basis of the interaction between fertility and mortality. This has finally enabled the authors to formulate some broad assumptions regarding the current and future intensity and trends of structural transformations. For this purpose, the authors have gathered a sample of 142 national populations, including all Balkan countries, with the exception of Montenegro, and employed different techniques such as Partial Order Structuple (Scalogram) Analysis with Coordinates (POSAC) and the cohort-component population projections for the timeframes 1971–2015 and 2015–2060.

The Impact of Debt on Economic Development of the Western Balkan Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Mehdija Ćosović
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
External Debt ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The degree of increased indebtedness in the Western Balkan countries is generated by increasing consumption in terms of increased economic growth and structural reforms. Although these countries have shown an increase in exports and foreign direct investment over the past few years, the current account deficit remains high, especially in the ratio between external debt and GDP, which is not only high but at the stage of growth. Also, as domestic financial markets are underdeveloped, these countries are to a large extent exposed to an increase in the price of foreign borrowing. The current borrowing policy continues with increasing investment in non-productive consumption, which requires renewed borrowing. The presentation of debt trends, analysis and comparison of external debt of these countries show relevant guidelines in the selection of an adequate economic policy that would enhance the competitiveness of this part of the Balkans. Also, a comparative analysis of the indebtedness ratio will especially assess the state of indebtedness in Serbia, the structure and the movement of external debt towards international financial institutions. The comparison in this paper is made using standard indices of indebtedness based on the data obtained from the national statistical institutes and international financial institutions.

scholarly journals Vital Ageing: An Emerging Challenge in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahwish Zeeshan ◽  
Aneela Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
First Century ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Ageing is one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty first century around the globe. The largest age cohort that is expected to grow in the developing countries further in the next three decades is that of the older persons i.e. above sixty years of age. This is a Review paper sheds light on understanding ageing as a natural phenomenon. There are numerous socio-cultural factors impeding in acceptance of this reality. In Pakistan, age inclusive sustainable development goals are desired to tackle unemployment and underemployment institutional care is the need of the hour. Keeping in view the population projections of 2050, there is a dire need to strategize for population aging through policy making and implementation from both public and private sector of the country. In Pakistan the disjuncture of apt measures taken by the stakeholders, can multiple volume and graveness of the issue.

Balkan emigration will go on without better governance

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Current Account Balances

Significance The protests highlight the deep dissatisfaction that has led hundreds of thousands to leave Serbia and other Western Balkan countries over the past decade. Motives driving emigration have changed to include marked discontent with governance along with economic considerations; the consequent depletion of the well-educated and more progressive part of the citizenry has economic and political significance. Impacts The cash flow from diaspora remittances will continue to support South-Eastern Europe's budgets and current account balances. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to reduce remittances severely in 2020. High emigration among medical staff is hitting health systems badly.

scholarly journals Back to the future: A review of forty years of population projections at Statistics Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Dion ◽  
Nora Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Population Projections ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
And Migration

This paper aims to provide an overview of the population projections program at Statistics Canada, including its orientation, its strengths and challenges. We first identify some conceptual issues which have a bearing on how projections should be interpreted and evaluated. Then, we briefly review the past editions of Statistics Canada’s population projections and identify their main strengths and limitations. The evaluation considers the performance of previous projections at the national and provincial/territorial geographic levels and in terms of each of the major components of growth (fertility, mortality, and migration).

Influenza Recycling and Secular Trends in Mortality and Natality

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Reinert Azambuja
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Secular Variations

ABSTRACTSecular variations in longevity and in population aging are of huge interest to actuaries. It is shown here that temporal changes in mortality and natality accompany the recycling of influenza A viruses i.e., the re-exposure of human populations, from time to time, to influenza A viruses antigenically similar to viruses (H1, H2, H3) that circulated in the past. Mortality (and natality) change as birth cohorts (whole population and maternal) with specific types and levels of vulnerability to influenza A re-infections, acquired through early-life effects of infection with one (period-specific) influenza A sub-type, course through subsequent influenza A environments over time. Epidemiologic evidence of association between secular trends in mortality (and natality) and interactions between birth-cohort and period effects of influenza A circulation is presented both for the U.K. and the U.S. New interpretations to several epidemiologic and demographic observations follow from this finding.

scholarly journals An Update on Arthritis in Canada — National and Provincial Data Regarding the Past, Present, and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Badley ◽  
Céline M. Goulart ◽  
Dov B. Millstone ◽  
Anthony V. Perruccio
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Summary Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective.To provide updated arthritis estimates for Canada given a change in wording in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) arthritis question.Methods.Prevalence data from the 2000 to 2016 CCHS were used to document trends in the prevalence of arthritis over time. Projections of arthritis prevalence were also calculated using data from CCHS 2015 in conjunction with Statistics Canada’s published population projections. Data for 2015 were also used to provide summary data on the effect of arthritis.Results.Between 2000 and 2014 there were some fluctuations in the prevalence of arthritis (age ≥ 15 yrs), with the range of prevalence varying between 15.4% and 17.6%. There was a significant increase in overall prevalence to over 20% with the 2015 and 2016 surveys (6 million Canadians), coinciding with a revised wording of the arthritis question. This increase was observed in all age and sex groups, except for men aged 85+. The overall characteristics of the 2015 arthritis population were similar to those in 2007/08. Using the updated 2015 CCHS arthritis data, projection estimates suggest the population prevalence of arthritis will increase to just over 24% by 2040, with the number of Canadians living with arthritis projected to increase by about 50% from 2015 to 2040.Conclusion.The revised question likely increased ascertainment of arthritis owing to inclusion of examples of arthritis diagnoses in the CCHS question and more explicit wording in the French version, resulting in a large increase in the estimated prevalence and numbers of people with arthritis in Canada.

Greek and Bulgarian Peasants: Aspects of Their Sociopolitical Situation During the Interwar Period

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Mouzelis
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Reaction ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
Balkan Country ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Peasant Movement

One of the most interesting features of Balkan politics during the interwar period has been the spectacular rise of peasant movements and parties which have had a profound influence on the social structure of these societies. The only Balkan country which did not experience a strong peasant movement was Greece. As I will try to argue below, the development of Balkan peasantism can be seen to a large extent as a political reaction to the strains and disruptions created by the increasing penetration of Western capitalism into this underdeveloped part of the world. Since this penetration was as strong in Greece as in the other Balkan countries during the interwar period, the failure of Greek peasants to organise themselves politically poses an interesting problem for anyone concerned with the past and present development of modern Greek society.

scholarly journals Policy Adjustment as a Mediator between Older Workers Retention and Ageing Workforce. A Context for Action in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Solomon Ozemoyah Ugheoke ◽  
Ruksana Banu ◽  
Munir Shehu Mashi ◽  
Muhammad Latif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Retention Policy ◽  
Policy Adjustment ◽  
Hr Managers

Over the past decade, HR managers have been much concerned about the demographic changes and advised to take positive approaches to the management of organizations. These changes significantly cause population aging globally, resulting in economic and social challenges. This study aims to examine older workers’ retention, policy adjustment, and the aging workforce in Thailand. Purposive sampling was used to select a total of 520 respondents higher education institutions. We found that despite the call to retaining older workers, the majority of employers exhibit stereotypic attitudes, and finding it difficult to retain and attract older workers. Even though there have been initiatives toward discrimination legislation concerning older workers, however, policymakers should be proactive. Government should need to develop policies that would permit increased levels of older workers’ retention and create better competencies in achieving planned economic goals. Organizations need to adopt strategic approaches to age management and labor unions must show great commitment to the campaign against age discrimination.

scholarly journals Disease burden of edentulism – Dental Clinic of Vojvodina, Serbia, 2008-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lainović ◽  
E Novta ◽  
Á Balázs ◽  
T Maravić ◽  
S Dragosavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background Although there is a decline in the global prevalence of edentulism over the past decade, the tendency is opposite in Serbia. The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of edentulism at the Dental Clinic of Vojvodina, tertiary referral public health institution of the northern province of Serbia. Methods Disease burden was expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Prevalence (P) was calculated on the database of all patients from 2008 to 2019 at the Dental Clinic of Vojvodina using IBM SPSS Statistics. The number of diagnosed cases rehabilitated by complete dentures was an indicator of edentate people. A total sample of 76287 patients was examined, including 1620 patients restored with complete dentures (44.94% male, 55.06% female). Disability weight (DW) for severe tooth loss was taken from the “Disability weight for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study”. The prevalence-based years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated as YLD = P x DW. Due to the non-fatal outcome of edentulism, DALY estimates were based on YLDs only (YLL=0). Results For the observed period, the total disease burden (per 1000) was 1.42 DALYs (0.64 for men and 0.78 for women). During observed years, DALYs increased (from 1.66 in 2008 to 1.73 in 2019), in association with population aging, and insufficient support from public health insurance for oral prevention and treatments. For both sexes, DALYs increased gradually with age. The results for age-stratified DALYs (per 1000) were: 0.005 (age 0-24), 0.049 (age 25-34), 0.55 (age 35-44), 2.66 (age 45-54), 4.41 (age 55-64), 7.89 (age 65-74), 8.04 (age 75-84) and 9.05 (age 85-94). Conclusions Considering the calculated disease burden, edentulism has been posing an increasing challenge for the health system in Serbia over the past decade. The quantified burden could contribute to the improvement of evidence-informed policymaking in public oral health in Serbia. Acknowledgment Supported by “Burden-EU” COST Action Key messages The calculated DALYs show an increase in burden of edentulism in Vojvodina, Serbia. DALYs calculations could improve the insufficient monitoring of oral health status in Serbia.

scholarly journals To what extent is Australia’s population ageing? The application of traditional and alternative ageing measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Tom Wilson ◽  
Jeromey Temple
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Remaining Life Expectancy ◽  
Health And Mortality

Background  Most studies of population ageing apply traditional ageing measures, such as the number or percentage of the population aged 65 and above. In the context of gradually improving health and mortality at age 65, the use of a fixed age cut-off to define ‘older age’ needs to be revisited. Aim  The aim of this paper is to re-assess the extent of population ageing in Australia and the States and Territories over past decades and in the future as indicated by both traditional and alternative ageing measures. Data and methods  Both numerical and structural ageing was measured using age cut-offs for the older population of (i) age 65, (ii) the age at which there is 15 years life expectancy remaining, and (iii) the age at which the mortality rate is above 0.01. The data consisted of life tables, population estimates and population projections. Results  Both traditional and alternative ageing measures indicate considerable past and future numerical ageing. Structural ageing has been strong since the 1970s in terms of the percentage aged 65+, but the alternative ageing measures paint quite a different picture of structural ageing both in the past and in the future. Conclusions  The use of a traditional measure of population ageing in combination with a mortality-based measure, such as the population with remaining life expectancy of under 15 years, is helpful for demographic analyses of ageing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document