全球化生產下民工公民身分差序體制:比較中國沿海三個區域

Rural China ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Corporate Behavior ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Local Citizenship ◽  
Citizenship Regimes ◽  
Hierarchical Allocation

China’s migrant workers are not treated as equal citizens in their sojourning cities. They are systemically discriminated against by virtue of China’s system of differential citizenship, but their situation varies according to different local conditions. Scholars have argued that globalization has brought about hierarchies of citizenship among the world’s nation-states. However, they have paid little attention to the effects of globalization on the hierarchical allocation of citizen rights within the nation-state. The article argues that globalization in the form of foreign investment does not have a uniform impact on the allocation of citizen rights across regions in a huge country rich in diversity. Rather, divergent local citizenship regimes have emerged due to varying configurations of local conditions and their interaction with state policy and global capital. The article defines three types of local migrant citizenship regimes and compares different institutional arrangements, official and corporate behavior, and migrants’ situation across regions. 中國農民工在旅居地缺乏完整公民權,不被當成平等的市民(公民)對待,遭受公民身分差序體制的歧視與排除,但歧視待遇因地而異。有研究者論證,全球化使得民族國家之間產生公民身分階層化的關係。但是,該類研究甚少注意到全球化帶給民族國家內部之公民權利階層化的現象。本文論證:全球化生產下,外資對中國公民權利配置的影響並非單一模式,而是表現出區域差異。不同地區條件的組合,以及這些條件與國家政策和全球資本的互動,催生了不同的地方公民身分體制。本文界定了三種地方公民身分體制的類型,並比較上海、蘇南、珠三角等區域之間在制度安排、地方政府與企業行為、以及民工處境上的差異。本文研究材料來自田野調查深度訪談、匯總統計資料分析、以及官方文件分析。 (This article is in English.)

Seeking transparency makes one blind: how to rethink disclosure, account for nature and make corporations sustainable

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Quattrone
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Behavior ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Actors

PurposeFinancial and nonfinancial disclosures are still anchored to conventional notions of transparency, whereby corporations “push” information out to various stakeholders. Such information is now “pulled” from various sources and addresses aspects of corporate behavior that go well beyond those envisioned by the disclosure framework. This shift makes notions of values, measurement and accountability more fragmented, complex and difficult. The paper aims to bring the accounting scholarly debate back to what and how transparency can be achieved especially in relation to issues of social inequality and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachAfter an analysis of the limitations of current approaches to disclosure, the paper proposes a shift toward normative policies that profit of years of critique of positivism.FindingsDrawing on the notion of value-added, the paper ends with a new income statement design, labeled as Value-Added Statement for Nature, which recognizes Nature as a further stakeholder and forces human stakeholders to give voice, or at least acknowledge the lack of voice, for non-human actors.Originality/valueThe author proposes a shift in the perspective, practice and institutional arrangements in which disclosure occurs. Measurement and transparency need to happen in communication exercises, which do not presuppose what needs to be made transparent once and for good but define procedures on how to make fragmented, complex, multiple and volatile notions of value transparent. Income statements and accounting more in general is to be reconceived as a platform where stakeholders will have to continuously negotiate what counts as the common good in the interest of all, including Nature.

scholarly journals Global Capital, the State, and Chinese Workers: The Foxconn Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pun Ngai ◽  
Jenny Chan
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Technology Group ◽  
The One

In 2010, a startling 18 young migrant workers attempted suicide at Foxconn Technology Group production facilities in China. This article looks into the development of the Foxconn Corporation to understand the advent of capital expansion and its impact on frontline workers’ lives in China. It also provides an account of how the state facilitates Foxconn’s production expansion as a form of monopoly capital. Foxconn stands out as a new phenomenon of capital expansion because of the incomparable speed and scale of its capital accumulation in all regions of China. This article explores how the workers at Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics manufacturer, have been subjected to work pressure and desperation that might lead to suicides on the one hand but also open up daily and collective resistance on the other hand.

Nation-States, Labor Immigration, and Migrant Rights

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
High Income ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Basic Approach ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the potential interrelationships between migrant rights and national policies for admitting migrant workers. It explains how we can expect high-income countries to regulate the rights of migrant workers as part of their labor immigration policies. It develops a basic approach that conceptualizes the design of labor immigration policy in high-income countries as a process that involves “choice under constraints.” It shows that nation-states decide on how to regulate the number, selection, and rights of migrant workers admitted in order to achieve a core set of four interrelated and sometimes competing policy goals: economic efficiency, distribution, national identity and social cohesion, and national security and public order. Although their importance and specific interpretations vary across countries, and over time, the chapter argues that each of these objectives constitutes a fundamental policy consideration that policymakers can and do purposefully pursue in all countries.

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Castillo-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Assembly Plants ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. Looking back at how Baja California was transformed from a backwater to one of the most productive regions in northern Mexico, one could easily conclude that foreign investment was a catalyst for Baja California's dramatic economic success. But this is only part of the story. This book demonstrates that intermarriage, land reform, and migration were vital to the development of the Baja California peninsula and the Mexican borderlands. Without Asian, mestizo, and indigenous workers, it would have been impossible for the Compagnie du Boleo and the the Colorado River Land Company to become some of the most productive enterprises in Latin America. In the post NAFTA era, Baja California continues to be a strategic place for commerce and migration. The boom of maquilas (assembly plants) and agribusinesses persist in attracting migrant workers from different parts of Mexico.

scholarly journals The Limitations of Comparative Institutional Analysis

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Sadie Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Comparative Institutional Analysis ◽  
Investment Law

Atul Gawande's Checklist Manifesto became a sensation in 2009 because it promised that a simple technique could powerfully discipline decision-making. Gawande had saved lives using hospital checklists, and he argued that checklists could improve outcomes in other complicated endeavors. Checklists, he explained, “provide a kind of cognitive net. They catch mental flaws.” Neil Komesar's method of comparative institutional analysis is by necessity messier than the checklist and does not claim to produce faultless policy-making. But Komesar similarly seeks to improve cognitive processing by imposing a disciplining framework on decision-making. Sergio Puig and Gregory Shaffer's effort to introduce Komesar's technique to the debate about foreign investment law reform is welcome. Their emphasis on tradeoffs among institutional alternatives helps us to appreciate the different contexts facing different nation states, the value of regime competition, and consequently, the importance of implementing reforms in ways that preserve a variety of options for states. If they persuade commentators and policy-makers to take stock of the tradeoffs among institutional alternatives, Puig and Shaffer will have made a meaningful contribution. Still, their analysis illustrates some of the weaknesses of comparative institutional analysis. In this essay, I identify those weaknesses and suggest that they also weigh in pluralism's favor.

Treaties, Borders, and the Partition of Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Touval
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Territorial Claims

The article questions the contention that, in the process of partition and the delimitation of borders in Africa, no account was taken of local conditions. The possibility of indirect African influence on the process is examined. At least some of the treaties concluded between Europeans and African rulers were genuine, and regarded as a contractual obligation by both sides. There were cases of African rulers seeking to promote their political interests by entering into an alliance with Europeans. Such treaties were sometimes utilized by European powers in their negotiations with rivals, to support their territorial claims. There were some attempts to define colonial borders so that they coincided with the frontiers of traditional African politics. Thus, treaties between African rulers and Europeans played a role in the process of the partition. In this connexion, it is important to remember that traditional African polities were often polyethnic, or encompassed only a segment of an ethnic group, and did not correspond to the modern European concept of ‘nation states’. There were also occasions in which questions regarding the local economy and communications were considered when borders were delimited. The considerations employed may have been wrong. But it seems necessary to modify the generalization that local circumstances were disregarded in the border-making process.

scholarly journals 'IF YOU CAN WORK FROM ANYWHERE, WHY WORK ANYWHERE ELSE?': FLEXIBLE CITIZENSHIP, REGIMES OF MOBILITY, AND THE DISCOURSE OF DIGITAL NOMADISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Elizabeth Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Central Resource ◽  
Citizenship Regimes ◽  
Traditional Structures

Digital nomadism is a term that has entered the cultural lexicon relatively recently to describe a lifestyle unbound from the traditional structures and constraints of office work (Makimoto and Manners, 1997; Cook, 2020; Thompson, 2018). This identity is organized around the digital technologies and infrastructures that make “remote work” possible, allowing digital nomads to claim “location independence” and granting them the freedom to travel while working (Nash et al., 2018). Largely employed as freelancers or as self-styled entrepreneurs, digital nomads assert their independence from the traditional strictures of work through the digital technologies they use at the same time that they remain “plugged in” to the infrastructures, economies, and lifeworlds of Silicon Valley (McElroy, 2019, p. 216). As such, the digital nomad represents a key site to examine privileged transnationalism and the enduring forms of coloniality that inform contemporary “regimes of mobility” (Hayes and Pérez-Gañán, 2017; Glick Schiller and Salazar, 2013, p. 189). This paper considers how discourses of digital nomadism have been constructed, circulated, and leveraged by governments offering “digital nomad visas,” “remote work visas,” or “freelancer visas” to examine how regimes of mobility have been imagined and enacted. Utilizing discourse analysis to examine popular press articles, Instagram posts from the official accounts of tourism boards, and governmental websites, I examine the ways digital nomadism was constructed during the COVID-19 pandemic and consider how this lifestyle has been formalized and institutionalized. I argue that mobility itself has become a central resource through which nations compete for global capital accumulation.

THE PROBLEM OF THE SUPERVISION OF IMMIGRATION STAY LICENSES ON ILLEGAL FOREIGN LABOR WORKING IN FOREIGN CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Tony Mirwanto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government

Abuse of Residence Permits by foreigners with the mode of using tourist visit visas often occurs, generally used in the context of working as a Foreign Worker in a Foreign Investment Company in Indonesia. This has led to a reduction in employment opportunities for Indonesian Migrant Workers in the country and a reduction in State income in terms of the use of Foreign Workers. Based on the facts in the field, the problem of misuse of Tourism Visit Stay Permits generally comes from the policy of Free Visa for Tourist Visits, this is a problem that over time is increasingly difficult to resolve, even more difficult to detect by law enforcement officials. The involvement of Indonesia in various international agreements that accommodate the ease of investment and the use of foreign labor, has made Indonesia increasingly fulfilled by investors and foreign workers. The problem of the use of foreign workers needs to be taken seriously by the government, especially in monitoring its activities while in Indonesia, so that the use of foreign labor can be beneficial for Indonesia. Giving ease of Visa Free in order to increase foreign exchange in tourism to foreigners who will enter Indonesia, of course, must be accompanied by supervision of their residence permit as a consequence of the ease of granting the Visa Free. In order for the practice of using foreign workers illegally by foreign investment companies, it can be minimized as early as possible  

The Price of Rights

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Admission Policies

This chapter examines the implications of the analysis in this book for human rights debates and the rights-based approaches to migration advocated by many international organizations and nongovernmental organizations concerned with protecting and promoting the interests of migrant workers. It highlights the danger of a blind spot in human rights–based approaches to migration, which are often focused on protecting and promoting migrant rights without taking into account the consequences for nation-states' policies for admitting new migrant workers. The trade-off between openness and some specific migrant rights in high-income countries' labor immigration policies means that insisting on equality of rights for migrant workers can come at the price of more restrictive admission policies and, therefore, discourage the further liberalization of international labor migration.

How China is Reshaping the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Commodity Markets

The growth of China and its re-emergence as a major economic power has been a key feature of globalization in the twenty-first century. China has become an increasingly significant actor in the global economy, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. The implications of this for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been a source of major debate. This book examines the arguments drawing on a growing body of research on China’s economic involvement in SSA and LAC. It begins by considering the process of economic reform in China from the late 1970s that provided the basis for China’s growing integration with the global economy. It considers four aspects of this integration: the growth of China as a global manufacturing centre, its impact on global commodity markets, the overseas expansion of Chinese firms as part of the ‘Go Global’ policy, and the increased role of China in global capital flows. Discussion of China’s impact on SSA and LAC is characterized by disagreements over both the extent of its presence and the underlying drivers. The book documents the different forms of Chinese economic involvement and clarifies some of the confusion that has arisen over the extent of China’s presence. It then analyzes the economic, social, political, and environmental impacts of China on both regions, to show a much more varied picture than the one that is often presented. These impacts depend to a significant extent on local conditions and actors, and cannot simply be read off as a consequence of Chinese expansion.

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