Domesticating the Turks, Staging Otherness. The Tradition of Embodying the Turks, the Parata dei Turchi of Potenza and Its Narration in 20th-Century Folkloric Descriptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396
Author(s):  
Filomena Viviana Tagliaferri
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Abstract The aim of the essay is to analyse the presence of Oriental characters in the patron saint’s Feast of San Gerardo, taking place in the city of Potenza on 29 May. After offering an insight into the integration of Oriental characters into Italian early modern culture, the paper will first focus on the ‘historicity’ of the Parata dei Turchi and its carnivalesque function. It will then move to the way in which the Turks were represented between the 19th and 20th centuries — that is, the period from which sources present it as an already long-established tradition — seeking to offer a contribution to the interpretation of the tradition of the parading of Turkish masks on the annual procession of San Gerardo.

Ecclesiastical Monuments of Brașov/Kronstadt/Brassó and the (Imagined) Topography of a Transylvanian City in Late Medieval and Early Modern Times

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Liviu Cîmpeanu
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city.

scholarly journals Crafting the microworld: how Robert Hooke constructed knowledge about small things

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Craft Knowledge ◽  
Small Things ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience.

‘An Attempt at Exhausting an Augmented Place in Paris’: Georges Perec, Observer-Writer of Urban Life, as a Mobile Locative Media User

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Licoppe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter describes a thought experiment in which a modern-day Georges Perec, equipped with a smartphone and actively committed to the use of mobile locative media such as Foursquare, would make an Attempt at Exhausting a Place in Paris today. The chapter argues that the initial project epitomized the way the neutral gaze of the onlooker is constitutive of urban public place and the way in which behavior in urban public places could thereby be described and accountable in generic terms intelligible to readers, themselves framed as strangers (in the sense of strangers in public places). This analysis is used as a baseline to show how a fictive, connected Perec would have to cope with the dual accessibility of places and people, both in the physical world and on screen, and especially the ‘parochialisation’ of place and individualization of digital personae online, in a way which would radically transform the initial literary project. This shows how the city augmented with mobile locative media might not be available to description in the same terms as the 20th century metropolis, and how a square in the augmented city might not be a public place in the same sense.

Croatian in the Mediterranean context: language contacts in the Early Modern Croatian lexicography

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2017) ◽  
pp. 69-94
Author(s):  
Nikola Vuletić
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper offers an insight into the way language contacts in the Mediterranean context were dealt with in the Croatian lexicography of the 16th and 17th centuries. The first part provides the historical background of the contact situations from the 7th century up to the end of the 17th century, focusing on Dalmatia. The second part represents an analysis of Dalmatian-Romance, Italo-Romance and Turkish loanwords in five dictionaries (Vrančić, Kašić, Mikalja, Tanzlingher-Zanotti, and Ritter Vitezović), reflecting the results of the language contacts on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea and in its immediate hinterland. Positive and negative attitudes of the five authors towards language-borrowing are discussed, as some important differences can be observed, particularly with regard to Italo-Romance loanwords.

5. The ghetto in America

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-117
Author(s):  
Bryan Cheyette
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The North ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
Early Modern Venice ◽  
The City

How did the ‘city within a city’ concept move from early modern Venice to Harlem? ‘The ghetto in America’ looks at Chicago and New York after the African-American Great Migration of 1916 transformed the cities of the north. In prosperous times, the ghetto could be a place of entrepreneurship, culture, and social advancement—qualities seen as ‘ghetto fabulous’. In lean times, already vulnerable inhabitants had little access to loans or housing. Mid-20th-century African-American writers argued about whether they lived in a ‘ghetto’ or not, as some feared that the term limited the life chances of those who were already impoverished and segregated. Music ‘from the ghetto’—the rap of the 1980s and 1990s—blurred the lines between hedonism and dissent, making the ghetto a symbol of both injustice and transgression.

scholarly journals THE MIDDLE 19TH CENTURY – EARLY 21ST CENTURY FUNCTIONING OF LVIV’S HORONYMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Maryana Dolynska
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

There are official and traditional names of places upon the territory of the town or the city. They have existed from the ancient times till contemporary days. The official ones have been given by the executive body, and the traditional names are describing the place by nearby locations, buildings or natural objects. Toponyms are divided into different classes and subclasses. Horonyms describe nonlinear structures (territories) and were used to call any places on the town’s area, except for streets or squares. Horonyms do not provide the information about the official administrative division of the contemporary time but were putting traditional names in use.In order to answer the question - how long this class of the city’s names lasted, one has to base on retrospective comparison of the pre-statistical source. The contemporary vocabulary of Lviv’s dialect (“Leksykon lvivskyy povazhno i na zhart”) have fixed 65 horonyms of Lviv’s area, which currentlyare being used by city dwellers. That was the basement of analysis by the retrospective method. This data was compared with such sources: late 19 c.-early 20 c. guidebooks and middle 19 c. maps with their accompaniment notes.The administrative units’ division of Lviv’s territory was applied in this article because during the long 19 century Lviv was a part of Austro-Hungary Empire. That’s why 4 groups of horonyms were excluded: 1. the names of the former city’s villages that are currently preserved as the city’s horonyms because those villages were absorbed into the city only during 20th century. (Today names of those former villages do not reflect the administrative units’ division); 2. village Sygnivka, which was founded only in the 20th years of 19thcentury on the area of the former suburb Halytskie of Lviv’s early modern period; 3. the names of villages, which surrounded town’s area, but were not under the rule of the town hall; 4. all names of objects, which were upon the area of these villages.So after the exclusion, we have 48 names (horonyms). The analysis showed that one name came into being in the late 20th century and eight other ones during its first half. Fifteen horonyms, as well, as their names were founded during the 19th century. So, that leaves us with twenty-four names, which were established during the earlier period and are being used now in the city. We need to continue research on a retrospective comparison of the named recorded in the early modern serial sources.

scholarly journals Medios de transporte, accidentes de tránsito y legislación en Medellín (Colombia) durante las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 209-238
Author(s):  
Juan David Alzate Alzate
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Automóviles, coches, camiones y trenes aparecieron en Medellín (Colombia) durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, afectando las rutinas de los habitantes que tuvieron la necesidad de usarlos, transformando así las dinámicas de la ciudad. En este proceso, hombres y mujeres se vieron involucrados en circunstancias aciagas en las que estos aparatos fueron los medios a través de los cuales se cometían atropellamientos, que podían ser calificados como delitos, extendiendo así el marco de aplicación de las leyes y obligando, incluso, a generar estrategias legales para intentar llevar coherentemente estos litigios. El objeto central de este artículo es describir las formas como se presentaron los accidentes de tránsito en el contexto señalado y al mismo tiempo relacionar este tipo de hechos con la legislación existente en aquella época y la manera como era aplicada por las autoridades al momento de generar un veredicto sobre la culpabilidad por homicidio de un conductor. Para su elaboración se tuvieron en cuenta cinco sumarios por homicidio del Archivo Histórico Judicial de Medellín, información del Archivo Histórico de Medellín y de la Colección Patrimonio Documental de la Universidad de Antioquia, artículos de la prensa local, legislación y datos estadísticos de la época.Palabras clave: crecimiento urbano, vehículos, homicidios, sumarios, leyes, modernidad, accidentalidad. Means of Transport, Traffic Accidents and Legislation in Medellín, Colombia, during the First Three Decades of the 20th CenturyAbstractAutomobiles, cars, trucks and trains appeared in Medellín, Colombia, during the first decades of the 20th century, and affected the routines of the inhabitants who had the need to use them, thus transforming the dynamics of the city. In this process, men and women were involved in unfortunate circumstances in which these machines were the means through which people were run over. Since this act was qualified as a committed crime, it was necessary to enforce the laws and even generate legal strategies for consistently attempt these disputes. The aim of this article is to describe the ways how traffic accidents occurred in the stated context, and at the same time, relate this kind of facts with the existing legislation in that time, and the way as it was applied by the authorities when generating a verdict on the guilt of murder of a driver. For its preparation five summaries were considered by murder of the Archivo Historico Judicial de Medellín, the information of the Archivo Histórico de Medellín, and the Collection Heritage Documentary of the Unviersidad de Antioquia, articles from the local press, legislation and statistical data of that time. Keywords: urban growth, vehicles, killings, summaries, laws, modernity, accident. 

scholarly journals An Exploration of Queer Diasporic Subjectivities in Shani Mootoo’s 'Out on Main Street'

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Cristina Salcedo González
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Main Street ◽  
Queer Diaspora ◽  
Normative Logic ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

In view of the acute lack of analyses of Indian-Trinidadian queer diasporic subjectivities, this article will focus on Shani Mootoo’s “Out on Main Street” by using a queer diasporic theoretical framework, one which hinges on unveiling the violent practices to which sexually and racially marginalized communities are exposed and on exploring the ways by which queer diasporic subjects subvert dominant assumptions. In order to carry out the analysis, I will, first, offer an overview of the uses and implications for invoking the concept of a queer diaspora to study Mootoo’s story; second, I will scrutinize the manner in which the queer diasporic narrator is affected by exclusivist definitions of gender and national identities, and, third, I will examine the specific tactics through which she unsettles the normative logic. Ultimately, the study of Mootoo’s story under a queer diasporic approach will offer a further insight into the diaspora experience, one which considers both sexuality and translocation as crucial factors shaping the way the narrator inhabits the city.

VENETIANS REVIVALS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXAMPLES OF NEO-MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN THE RIO DEL GAFFARO AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This paper presents some examples of architectural revivals created by a promising Venetian architect at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a marginal area of the city of Venice known as Rio del Gaffaro that was subjected to an intense phenomenon of redevelopment and urban development, following the construction of new road and rail links to the mainland. The original hypotheses for the evolution of the lagunar city, proposed by their author, use an innovative compositional syntax that becomes the thin line of division between traditionally antagonistic references such as classicism and modernism, or orientalism and localism, in some of the best examples of neo-medievalist revival in early 20th century Venice. In particular, the use of historical reference in the composition of the new architectural forms establishes an intense, but quiet and pacific dialogue between the ancient and the modern. In this comparison, all interruptions between past and present are removed, not only in the composition of the residential architectural cell but also in the formation of the new urban fabric into which it is inserted. This way of reinventing history was to open the way for many subsequent readings and interpretations by other Venetian architects. 

The return of religion or the end of religion? On the need to rethink religion as a category of social and political life

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-809
Author(s):  
Jayne Svenungsson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
European History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
Theoretical Developments ◽  
The Way ◽  
Modern European History

During the last decades of the 20th century, Western philosophy saw a renewed interest in religion, often referred to as ‘the return of religion’. At about the same time, a growing number of anthropologists and historians began to draw attention to the cultural and ideological bias of the category of religion, revealing its roots in a particular phase of early modern European history. This article gives an overview of these significant theoretical developments and explores both the tensions and similarities between the different scholarly traditions. Drawing on both discourses, it argues that we need to rethink the way we use religion as a category for organizing social and political life. If religion can no longer be taken as a purely descriptive category but rather should be seen as part of specific discursive practices, then we need to critically ponder the implications of the ways in which we map certain customs, behaviours and motifs as ‘religious’ and others as ‘secular’.

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