Dendrochronological Studies on Prosopis Flexuosa DC.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Villalba ◽  
J. A. Boninsegna
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Prosopis Flexuosa

Wood structure and seasonal variation of the cambial activity were investigated in Prosopis flexuosa DC. in order to enable the use of this species in dendrochronological and ecological studies requiring exact age determination. Cambial activity was determined by counting the number of undifferentiated cells in each radial file. Change in vessel diameter and a terminal parenchyma band, containing rhombic crystals, mark the annual growth layer. Even though the growth rings are not always clearly demarcated, one growth ring is generally formed each year. Prosopis flexuosa has an annual rhythm of wood production which coincides with the climatic rhythm. It is possible to cross-date disk samples of Prosopis species, and a first chronology has been established. Relationships between xylem production, phenology and climatic factors are discussed.

scholarly journals GROWTH-RING DISTINCTNESS AND BOUNDARY ANATOMY VARIABILITY IN TROPICAL TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegor Tarelkin ◽  
Claire Delvaux ◽  
Maaike De Ridder ◽  
Thomas El Berkani ◽  
Charles De Cannière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Tropical Trees ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Leaf Shedding

The phenomenon of distinct, absent or indistinct growth rings is a highly variable feature used for wood identification and a wide range of tree-ring studies. Causes for its variability are not yet fully understood. There is also a lack of consensus within the scientific community about how distinct and indistinct tree rings should be defined and classified. We use a selection of 103 Central African rainforest trees to analyse the anatomy of growth-ring boundaries of 103 Central African rainforest species and assessed the influence of the climate, tree organ and leaf shedding behaviour on growth-ring distinctness and anatomy. We observed a high variability of tree-ring boundaries anatomy and distinctness within and among individuals and species. Although, for some semi-deciduous species, higher incidence of distinct growth rings appears to be related with a more pronounced seasonal climate, no general trends are observed for the assembly of studied species. Growth rings are variable within individuals depending on the considered organ: trunks tend to show more distinct rings than branches. Growth-ring distinctness is difficult to implement as a trait to measure tree performance when only based on abrupt changes in fibre size and cell wall thickness. From the potential growth-ring markers identified in the IAWA list of hardwood features, those applying to vessel and parenchyma density and distended rays appear to be more useful in tropical trees than abruptly flattened latewood fibres or abrupt changes in vessel diameter.

scholarly journals Growth ring analysis of fossil coniferous woods from early cretaceous of Araripe Basin (Brazil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etiene F. Pires ◽  
Margot Guerra-Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Equatorial Belt ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Woods

Growth ring analysis on silicified coniferous woods from the Missão Velha Formation (Araripe Basin - Brazil) has yielded important information about periodicity of wood production during the Early Cretaceous in the equatorial belt. Despite warm temperatures, dendrological data indicate that the climate was characterized by cyclical alternation of dry and rainy periods influenced by cyclical precipitations, typical of tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The abundance of false growth rings can be attributed to both occasional droughts and arthropod damage. The present climate data agree with palaeoclimatic models that inferred summer-wet biomes for the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous boundary in the southern equatorial belt.

LIGHT SHORTAGE AS A MODIFYING FACTOR FOR GROWTH DYNAMICS AND WOOD ANATOMY IN YOUNG DECIDUOUS TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Hoffmann ◽  
Fritz H. Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Social

Suppressed trees growing under the canopy of mature forests exceed the number of tall, dominant individuals by far. This paper focuses on the wood structure of suppressed trees modified by light shortage. Secondly, the growth dynamics of suppressed deciduous trees within two sites was reconstructed by internal (tree rings) and external (bud scale scars) age determination. The social status of each specimen within the natural regeneration changes with time. Suppressed plants could once have held higher-ranking positions and individuals suffering from periods of suppression are able to recover after light conditions improve. This is an important process for the long-term survival strategy of shade tolerant tree species. Wood anatomy modified by suppression provides additional information on tree growth through the following properties: low percentage of pores in earlywood, changed distribution of pores, indistinct or absent growth ring boundaries, discontinuous growth rings. The low percentage of pores in earlywood may be a means of identifying light shortage in deciduous trees.

Constraints on dendrochronological dating of Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen ( Short communication )

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Buchwal
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Salix Polaris ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Root Axis

Application of tundra shrubs in dendrochronological studies is recently increasing. However their growth rings are characterized by high irregularity which cause a com-mon tree-ring dating problems. The goal of the study is to demonstrate a dendro-chronological potential of common tundra species Salix polaris from central Spitsbergen (Ebbadalen, Petuniabukta) while (i) presenting its radial growth pattern and irregularities and (ii) discussing on its example a common problems of Arctic shrubs radial growth cross-dating. The results revealed that in average 25% of growth ring measured per single shrub was irregular and therefore might be problematic to detect and cross-date. It was found that even on a short distance (i.e., along a main root axis) cambial activity is not equal and missing and partially missing rings occurred alternately in a longitudinal profile. Common growth irregularities, such as missing and wedging rings, must be taken into account while measuring and cross-dating such a difficult dendrochrono-logical woody material as shown on the example of a Salix polaris dwarf shrub. The study revealed a high importance of serial sectioning and intra-plant cross-dating in dendrochronological studies of tundra shrubs.

An assessment of the reliability of growth rings counts for age determination in the Hermann's Tortoise Testudo hermanni

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bertolero ◽  
Miguel Carretero ◽  
Gustavo Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Ne Spain

AbstractGrowth ring counts on the shell have been widely used for age estimation in Chelonians. However, as stated by Wilson et al. (2003), most studies have applied this method without assessing its reliability by proving that 1 : 1 ratio between number of rings and real age exists. In the present study, the reliability of this method is analysed for a population of Hermann's Tortoise, Testudo hermanni introduced in the Ebro Delta (NE Spain). Age estimations were obtained from direct observations of tortoises in the field in 2000 (n = 82) together with those from photographs of the same and other individuals of the population taken between 1991 and 2001 (n= 356). A second photograph was taken at one or more years after the first one for 101 individuals. Results of Model II linear regression analysis indicated that the method was reliable only for tortoises between 0 and 7 years old, whereas tended to underestimate age for those between 8 and 11 years. Since, sexual maturity in this population is attained around 8 years (mean for both sexes), ring counts are only reliable for juveniles and subadults. Finally, it is noteworthy that the results coming for photographs were equivalent to those coming from direct observations in the field.

Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
C. A. Benson ◽  
J. K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Growth of Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) in the Polish Sudetes—The Influence of Altitude and Site-Related Factors on the Climate–Growth Relationship

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Danek ◽  
Monika Chuchro ◽  
Adam Walanus
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect

In this paper, the first study of a regional character on the influence of climatic factors on the tree-ring growth of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) growing in the Polish Sudetes is presented. The obtained results indicate the relatively high diversity of the climatic signal observed in the tree rings of larches growing in the Sudetes. The most significant differentiating factor is altitude. The results suggest that the possible influence of local conditions (e.g., summit proximity, soil and bedrock characteristics, and exposure to strong winds) could also be of importance. A positive relationship between tree-ring growth and May temperatures was noted throughout the area; this indicates the principal importance of thermal conditions during the initial stage of cambial activity and tree-ring formation in larches from the Sudetes. The negative effect of the temperatures in the previous summer upon the tree-ring growth of larch in the subsequent year was also observed. The studies also indicate the negative influence of the water stress in summer (particularly in July of the previous year) upon the growth of trees. The negative relationship between tree-ring growth and the previous November temperature could be explained by the need for a late-autumn cooling, which affects the development of assimilation apparatus in spring of the subsequent year, which indirectly affects the tree-ring growth in the same year.

scholarly journals Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Alejandro Casteller ◽  
Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽  
Veronika Stöckli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

Chaparral growth-ring analysis as an indicator of stand biomass development

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie A. Uyeda ◽  
Douglas A. Stow ◽  
John F. O'Leary ◽  
Christina Tague ◽  
Philip J. Riggan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Long Time

Chaparral wildfires typically create even-aged stands of vegetation that grow quickly in the first 2 decades following a fire. Patterns of this growth are important for understanding ecosystem productivity and re-establishment success, but are logistically challenging to measure over long time periods. We tested the utility of a novel method of using shrub growth rings to estimate stand-level biomass accumulation at an annual time scale in southern California chaparral. We examined how temporal variation in precipitation and spatial variation in solar irradiation influence that accumulation. Using field measurements and a relationship between stem basal area and aboveground biomass, we estimated current biomass levels in an 11-year-old chaparral stand, and used growth-ring diameters to estimate growth in each year from age 4 to 11 years. We found that annual growth as measured by shrub growth rings tracked closely with patterns of annual precipitation, but not with time since fire. Solar irradiation was not found to be a significant covariate with total biomass by plot, possibly due to sampling area limitations. The close relationship of annual biomass accumulation with annual precipitation indicates that shrub growth-ring measurements can provide a useful metric of stand-level recovery.

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