Anatomical Comparison Between Compression Wood and Opposite Wood in a Branch of Korean Pine (Pinus Koraiensis)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Woo Lee ◽  
Young Geun Eom
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Opposite Wood

Compression wood and opposite wood formed in the branch of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) is described and compared in qualitative and quantitative anatomical aspects.

scholarly journals Tree-ring-based spring precipitation reconstruction in the Sikhote-Alin' Mountain range

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 951-967
Author(s):  
Olga Ukhvatkina ◽  
Alexander Omelko ◽  
Dmitriy Kislov ◽  
Alexander Zhmerenetsky ◽  
Tatyana Epifanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Sikhote Alin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Tree

Abstract. Climate reconstructions provide important insight into past climate variability and help us to understand the large-scale climate drivers and impact of climate change. However, our knowledge about long-term year-to-year climate variability is still limited due to the lack of high-resolution reconstructions. Here, we present the first precipitation reconstructions based on tree rings from Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) from three sites placed along a latitudinal (330 km) gradient in the Sikhote-Alin' mountains in the Russian Far East. The tree-ring width chronologies were built using standard tree-ring procedures. We reconstructed the April–June precipitation for the southern Sikhote-Alin' (SSA), March–June precipitation for the central Sikhote-Alin' (CSA) and March–July precipitation for the northwestern Sikhote-Alin' (NSA) over the years 1602 to 2013, 1804 to 2009 and 1858 to 2013, respectively. We found that an important limiting factor for Korean pine growth was precipitation within the period when the air current coming from the continent during the cold period is replaced with the impact of the wet ocean air current. We identified that common wet years for SSA, CSA and NSA occurred in 1805, 1853, 1877, 1903, 1906, 1927, 1983 and 2009 and common dry years occurred in 1821, 1869, 1919, 1949 and 2003. Our reconstructions have 3-, 15- and 60-year periods, which suggests the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the region's climate and relevant processes. Despite the impact of various global processes, the main contribution to precipitation formation in the study area is still made by the Pacific Ocean, which determines their amount and periodicity.

Cross-field pitting characteristics of compression, lateral, and opposite wood in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Nam Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The characteristics of cross-field pitting among compression wood, lateral wood, and opposite wood, in the stem woods of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora were investigated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. In Ginkgo biloba, compression wood exhibited piceoid pits, while lateral and opposite wood exhibited cupressoid pits. The compression wood of Pinus densiflora exhibited cupressoid pits and piceoid pits, while lateral wood and opposite wood exhibited pinoid and window-like pits in the cross-field. In both species, compression wood yielded the smallest pit number among each part, while opposite wood yielded the greatest pit number per cross-field. Cross-field pitting diameters of compression wood and opposite wood were significantly smaller than lateral wood in Ginkgo biloba, while the cross-field pitting of compression wood was the smallest in Pinus densiflora. Radial tracheid diameter of compression wood was slightly smaller than lateral and opposite wood in Ginkgo biloba and significantly smaller than lateral and opposite wood in Pinus densiflora. In conclusion, the cross-field pitting type, pit number, and cross-field pitting diameter could be used to identify reaction wood in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus densiflora.

scholarly journals Height-diameter relationship for Pinus koraiensis in Mengjiagang Forest Farm of Northeast China using nonlinear regressions and artificial neural network models

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Tai Dinh Tien ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Forest Farm

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is one of the highly commercial woody species in Northeast China. In this study, six nonlinear equations and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to model and validate height-diameter (H-DBH) relationship in three different stand densities of one Korean pine plantation. Data were collected in 12 plots in a 43-year-old even-aged stand of P. koraiensis in Mengjiagang Forest Farm, China. The data were randomly split into two datasets for model development (9 plots) and for model validation (3 plots). All candidate models showed a good perfomance in explaining H-DBH relationship with error estimation of tree height ranging from 0.61 to 1.52 m. Especially, ANN models could reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) by the highest 40%, compared with Power function for the density level of 600 trees. In general, our results showed that ANN models were superior to other six nonlinear models. The H-DBH relationship appeared to differ between stand density levels, thus it is necessary to establish H-DBH models for specific stand densities to provide more accurate estimation of tree height.

Strength and stiffness of the reaction wood in five Eucalyptus species

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Bruno Charles Dias Soares ◽  
José Tarcísio Lima ◽  
Selma Lopes Goulart ◽  
Claudineia Olímpia de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Average Slope ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

AbstractTree stems deviating from the vertical position react by the formation of tension wood (TW) or compression wood (CW), which are called in general as reaction wood (RW), in which the cells are modified chemically and anatomically. The focus of the present work is the mechanical behavior of TW in five 37-year-oldEucalyptusspecies, which were grown on a planting area with an average slope of 28% leading to decentralized pith in the trees, which is an unequivocal indication of the presence of RW. TW and opposite wood (OW) samples were isolated and subjected to a compression-parallel-to-grain test. It was observed that TW is less resistant and less stiff than the OW.

scholarly journals Variability in swelling of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood with the presence of compression wood

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
P. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Sample Tree ◽  
Swelling Coefficient ◽  
Hygroscopic Material ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shape Changes

Wood is a hygroscopic material that is affected by shape changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the variability of wood swelling in the individual anatomic directions. Wood swelling was examined on a sample tree containing compression wood. With regard to the presence of compression wood, the sample tree was divided into the following three zones: the compression wood zone (CW), the opposite wood zone (OW), and two side wood zones (SWL and SWR). The results show that the wood containing compression wood swells less at the transverse plane (in the radial and tangential direction). Conversely, the swelling of compression wood in the longitudinal direction is higher. The same proportion was established in the swelling coefficient that grew proportionally to the increasing wood density in all anatomic directions. The proportion of compression wood manifested its effects in different ways. Transversely (in the radial and tangential direction) the swelling coefficient decreased proportionally to the increasing percentage of compression wood, longitudinally, however, the opposite was the case.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Nut Shell Over Mesoporous Al2O3

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1351-1355
Author(s):  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Gwang Hoon Rhee ◽  
Chang Hyun Ko ◽  
Tae Uk Han ◽  
Sang Chai Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Korean Pine

Effect of abnormal fibres on the mechanical properties of paper made from Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel ◽  
Ann Marklund
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a variety of abnormal fibres on the mechanical properties of paper made from Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. Fibres representing abnormality were obtained from trees treated by irrigation and fertilisation. Moreover, fibres from compression wood and its accompanying opposite wood were isolated. The effect of dislocations on paper quality was studied on four mixtures (20, 40, 60 and 80% fibres with induced dislocations) of untreated/compressed fibres. Two more groups consisting of control untreated samples and samples with 100%-induced dislocations were also included in the test. The mechanical properties of the paper were tested and the results were compared to those of control samples. Abnormal fibres reduced the desired mechanical properties of the final paper concerning tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and tear-tensile index. Irrespective of the type of treatment, all morphological changes introduced in fibre cell walls appear to directly affect changes in the mechanical properties of the paper. Control samples had a tear index of 25 compared to 10 mN m2 g-1 of samples containing 100% dislocations. It is obvious that 20% of dislocations, an amount that is expected to be induced in pulp under mechanical processing and transport, will contribute to a decrease in tear index with an average of 3 mN m2 g-1, i.e., 10% of the total value.

Purification and Characterization of the 7S Vicilin from Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 8159-8165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengchuan Jin ◽  
Silvia M. Albillos ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
Mahendra H. Kothary ◽  
Tong-Jen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Purification And Characterization

scholarly journals Height Growth of Korean Pine Seedlings Planted under Strip-Cut Larch Plantations in Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Owari ◽  
Shinichi Tatsumi ◽  
Liangzhi Ning ◽  
Mingfang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Open Site ◽  
Pine Seedlings

To develop two-storied forest management of larch plantations in Northeast China, this study examined the height growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensisSieb. et Zucc.) seedlings planted under strip-cut larch canopies. We measured the height growth of the underplanted seedlings 4 years after planting. The larch canopies were of varying stand age (12, 17, and 37 years) and strip-cut width (4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 m). We measured the seedling height growth in an open site (i.e., a site with no canopy). Underplanted seedlings had a smaller height growth (12.1–20.1 cm year−1) than the seedlings planted in the open site (23.7 cm year−1). The seedlings underplanted in the wider strip-cuts tended to have greater height growth than the seedlings underplanted in the narrowest strip-cuts. A generalized linear mixed model analysis predicted the greatest seedling height growth in the open site. A 36–47% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the narrowest strip-cuts (4.5 m) versus the open site, while a 13–36% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the wider strip-cuts (6.0–7.5 m) versus the open site. To maintain adequate height growth, forest managers are recommended to create wider strip-cuts (i.e., ≥6.0 m) for the purpose of underplanting Korean pine seedlings in larch plantations.

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