scholarly journals Populäre Wissenschaft: Metamorphosen des Wissens im Medium des Films

Gesnerus ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-39
Author(s):  
Jakob Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Epistemic Function ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Facts

Far from being merely a medium of simplification and conveyance of scientific facts, motion pictures exhibit an important epistemic function. On the one hand, the medium film is itself a product of research in various fields, on the other hand, it retroacts on perception and problem-solving in science, thereby influencing and changing research practices. The paper aims at describing these reciprocal effects and synergies by discussing two examples: first by the film “The principles of Einstein’s theory of relativity”, first released in Germany in 1922, second by the film “Mathematical image of the struggle for life”, produced in 1937 for the inauguration of the “Palace of discoveries” in Paris, demonstrating the latest developments in evolutionary theory. It becomes evident that picture media have the capacity to transform the symbolic dimension of things and bodies, thereby offering new access to reality, which not only fascinated the spectators, but also inspired scientific research.

Evaluation of Personality Traits for a Successful Career of Engineers

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 1056-1060
Author(s):  
Armin Betz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Aptitude Testing ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
The One

Various research on aptitude testing has been accomplished yet [1,2,. Experiences from many years of HR consulting and knowledge of the industrys needs regarding to and lack of specific scientific research in aptitude testing for engineers emerged into research acivities in this field. The paper presents the data and main results of the field of aptitude testing for engineers. Its present situation as well as the reasons for that are considered and its necessity is shown. The gotten insights are presented: the existence of personality traits typical for engineers, the existence of key criteria and deduction of HR development measures necessary for a career. A newly developed personality test was applied to the occupational area of engineers. With more than 1400 tests conducted, many deductions were possible.Through the innovative approach of standard profiles of corresponding average groups rather than with demografic equivalent results could be derived. These are typical traits on the one side and development areas on the other.

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 on Business Industry and Management: Pandemic Challenges and Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Business Process ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Problem Structure ◽  
Global Business ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Covid-19 pandemic has created unprecedented interruption for the global business industry management. The world economy already facing a turbulent phase experienced the worst scenario in the view of this pandemic. Business management strategists and policymakers have been making an impact assessment to understand the problem structure of this worst possible pandemic situation. The present article tries to develop a viewpoint on Covid-19 impact on business industries and management. Further authors attempt to develop a problem-solving structure by discussing the best possible solutions to mitigate the fact on the one hand and facilitating the business process in various sectors such as business Industry, Marketing, finance, and health industries on the other.

Mapping the Red Threat: The Politics of Exclusion in Leipzig Before 1914

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 341-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Retallack
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
The One

AbstractLong before Adolf Hitler’s appearance clouded democracy’s prospects in Germany, election battles had provided a means to disadvantage “enemies of the Reich” in the polling booth. Such battles were waged not only during election campaigns but also when new voting laws were legislated and district boundaries were redrawn. Maps produced during the Imperial era informed voters, statesmen, and social scientists how the principle of the fair and equal vote was compromised at the subnational level, and new maps offer historians an opportunity to consider struggles for influence and power in visual terms. This article argues that local, regional, and national suffrages need to be considered together and in terms of their reciprocal effects. On the one hand, focusing on overlaps and spillovers between electoral politics at different tiers of governance can illuminate the perceptions and attitudes that are constitutive of electoral culture. On the other hand, using cartography to supplement statistical analysis can make election battles more accessible to nonspecialist audiences. Combining these approaches allows us to rethink strategies of political exclusion in Imperial Germany’s coexisting suffrage regimes. Focusing on Leipzig and its powerful Social Democratic organization opens a window on larger issues about how Germans conceived questions of political fairness in a democratizing age.

scholarly journals A Critic to Darwinian Theory on Resources Scarcity on the Basis of Quranic Verses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Resource ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

One of the important components in the theory of the evolution of species is the idea of natural selection. The question is, are the assumptions of the subject in the idea of natural selection compatible with the religious conception of nature and the world around? In this study, the author will discover on the base of Quranic verses that how the theory of biological resource scarcity as one of the basic assumptions in the idea of natural selection conflicts with the Qur'anic interpretation regarding nature. If we can show the lack of credibility and inaccuracy of the idea of the biological resources scarcity and the inappropriateness of biological resources with the needs of the creatures-as one of the assumptions underlying evolutionary theory-in this case, an important step has been to distort the above-mentioned theorem. In the Holy Qur'an, traits such as selfishness are often warned that are considered as the basis of excesses leads to poverty and shortages. Quraanic promises according to which righteous individuals will govern on earth, on the one hand, and the divine promise of securing the living of the beings on the other hand effectively challenges the idea of natural selection.

scholarly journals Incurably Religious? Consensus Gentium and the Cultural Universality of Religion

Numen ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob De Roover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
The One

Abstract For centuries, the question whether there were peoples without religion was the subject of heated debate among European thinkers. At the turn of the twentieth century, this concern vanished from the radar of Western scholarship: all known peoples and societies, it was concluded, had some form of religion. This essay examines the relevant debates from the sixteenth to the twentieth century: Why was this issue so important? How did European thinkers determine whether or not some people had religion? What allowed them to close this debate? It will be shown that European descriptions of the “religions” of non-Western cultures counted as evidence for or against theoretical claims made within a particular framework, namely that of generic Christian theology. The issue of the universality of religion was settled not by scientific research but by making ad hoc modifications to this theological framework whenever it faced empirical anomalies. This is important today, because the debate concerning the cultural universality of religion has been reopened. On the one hand, evolutionary-biological explanations of religion claim that religion must be a cultural universal, since its origin lies in the evolution of the human species; on the other hand, authors suggest that religion is not a cultural universal, because many of the “religions” of humanity are fictitious entities created within an underlying theological framework.

Resolving conflict in organizations – achieving results through a harmonization process

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Thuc-Doan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Conflict is inevitable in organizational life. On the one hand, it can bring creativity and enhance problem-solving. On the other, it can hinder effective problem-solving, increase defensiveness and member dissatisfaction, and create a destructive work environment. This paper aims to outline four important components of harmonization that help to enhance conflict-management capability. Design/methodology/approach Based on Nguyen and Belk’s (2013) harmonization framework, the author adds their own comments and places in the context of resolving conflict in organization. Findings The harmonization process synthesizes multiple goals and balances differences to achieve better solutions without discounting any of these elements. Harmonization provides better understanding of important issues and why they are critical to each party. Each party will feel better about the situation after having heard the other side’s position. There might be anger, anxiety, or frustration at the beginning. However, when people successfully go through the harmonization process, they feel happy, connected to others and proud of the results they get. These processes require communicating with others, learning others’ perspectives, understanding and empathizing with others, and being willing to adjust. Practical implications The paper outlines four skills in which organizations can train their employees to improve conflict management. Originality/value Harmonization process is applied to conflict management in organization.

scholarly journals Rekonstruksi Metodologi Pengembangan Sains Berbasis Agama

KALAM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Mohammad Muslih
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Reason ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
The One ◽  
Islamic Values

The development of an integrative scientific paradigm is certainly a very large scientific project, however, it must be admitted that the success of reconstructing the new paradigm is still insufficient, as it must be supported by the availability of a functional and effective methodology. This article is a study aimed at offering a methodology for integrative paradigm-based science development, which is not only functional and effective, but also ensures productivity, as well as secure from the pseudo-scientific of abusive practices and the excessive practice of ideological science. The reconstruction of a methodology of religious-based science development urged to do, on the one hand, to provide an answer to the doubt about its compatibility with the Islamic sciences, and on the other hand deny the fear of the disappearance of Islamic values, precisely with the continued execution of scientific research, or the development of scientific reason, in general.Pembangunan paradigma ilmiah integratif sudah tentu merupakan proyek keilmuan yang sangat besar, meski demikian, harus diakui, keberhasilan melakukan rekonstruksi paradigma baru itu masih belum cukup, sebab masih harus didukung oleh tersedianya metodologi yang fungsional dan efektif. Artikel ini merupakan kajian bermaksud menawarkan metodologi pengembangan sains berbasis paradigma integratif, yang tidak hanya fungsional dan efektif, tetapi juga menjamin produktivitas, sekaligus aman dari jeratan praktek kasar pseudosaintifik dan praktek berlebihan sains ideologis. Rekonstruksi metodologi pengembangan ilmu berbasis agama mendesak untuk dilakukan, di satu sisi untuk memberi jawaban atas keraguan akan kompetabilitasnya dengan ilmu-ilmu keislaman, dan pada sisi yang lain membantah kekhawatiran akan hilangnya atau terkikisnya nilai-nilai keislaman, justru dengan semakin dijalankannya riset-riset ilmiah, atau dikembangkannya nalar ilmiah secara umum

scholarly journals Lernen und Problemlösen: Deweys Psychologie im bildungshistorischen Kontext

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jürgen Oelkers
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
General Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
The One

Karl Popper called one of his latest collections of essays All Life is Problem Solving. Little is known about the history of «problem solving» and also Popper did not say much about his references. But his model of four stages of problem solving is clearly anticipated in John Dewey’s psychology of thinking. On the other hand Dewey’s How we Think (1910) cannot be understood without taken into account the contemporary movement in didactics. The article discusses two of them, «nature studies» on the one hand and the «project method» on the other. «Nature studies» is considered to be the counterpoint to problem-solving. William Kilpatrick’s project method is still closely linked with Dewey’s psychology but both concepts have to be studied independently. Dewey’s theory of problem-solving is a general theory of learning that cannot be reduced to didactics. But that reduction might explain why Popper did not pay attention to it.

Competing through Meaning

Overcrowded ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Verganti
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Business Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Know How ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
The Web

This chapter explores why innovation of meaning is relevant for businesses. Why it is a major differentiator. How does innovation of meaning create business value? Why is it relevant in current competition? And especially when is it relevant? What are the contextual drivers that lead to new meaning? When it is likely to occur? (I.e., when is it likely that in an industry a new vision succeeds, hopefully proposed by you rather than by a competitor?) This is due to two converging phenomena. On the one hand customers search for it (see above). On the other hand, only a few organizations know how to do it effectively. Firms have become extremely productive in generating ideas of solutions, especially thanks to the web and to creative methods such as design thinking. But the more ideas they create, the more they see a confused landscape in which they struggle to find a meaningful direction. In a way, the success and diffusion of problem solving is one of the major causes of its own loss of relevance, and of the prominence of innovation of meaning. Ideas are abundant. Meanings are rare. And value, in business, is in what’s rare.

Deformation and Diffusion Compared

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Diffusive Mass Transfer ◽  
Shortening Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Frame Set ◽  
The Continuum

The suggestion in view is that when volume is lost by diffusive mass transfer, the consequent shortening rate along some direction n is controlled by ∇2σnn regardless of the spatial variations in other stress components. The nature of the argument advanced is comparable with the one on which the theory of relativity is based: “At two separate points in a universe, it is not reasonable to suppose that the fundamental laws of behavior will be different at one point from the other.” If it is only in respect to some reference frame set up by an observer that point P differs from point Q, one should not expect behavior at P to differ from behavior at Q. It is convenient to use anthropomorphic phrasing: “If there is nothing intrinsic about point P to tell the material there to behave differently, the material at P will behave in the same way as the material at Q.” The theme of this chapter is that the material process for diffusive mass transfer is almost indistinguishable from the process for volume-conserving viscous change of shape at a point. In fact it will be argued that the two processes are so similar that it is not reasonable to suppose that behavior will be governed by different laws in the two modes: only an observer can distinguish one process from the other. Again anthropomorphically, “The moving material itself has no means of knowing which process it is involved in. Hence, if it is direction-dependent quantities such as σnn that control behavior in change of shape at a point, it must also be direction-dependent quantities such as σnn that control diffusive mass transfer.” In presenting the argument, it is convenient to imagine an atomic material for purposes of example, and for the sake of concreteness; but it is emphasized at the outset that the atoms are of minimal significance—the objective is a theory for a continuum. We wish to treat a continuum in which diffusion occurs, and even a continuum with only one component in which self-diffusion occurs, and most people find that this requires imagining division of the continuum into particles on some scale: but we need this division only in the most abstract sense, just enough to permit the idea that the continuum is self-diffusive.

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