The Whip and the Hoe

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-130
Author(s):  
Justin Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
The Core ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Cotton Plantations ◽  
Extensive Damage

Abstract Spectacular physical punishments such as whipping were at the core of the master-slave relationship but it was the chronic and acute physical demands of forced labor that did the most destructive and lasting damage to enslaved people. Plantation field work caused more extensive damage to enslaved bodies than non-field work. Field work was more debilitating to enslaved women than to their male counterparts. Work on sugar plantations caused more damage to the enslaved than work on cotton plantations. Changes in crops, productivity rates, and work regimes had a compound and cumulative effect on the health of the enslaved.

Survey 16; Privatization and the Rhetoric of Planning Practice

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dear
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Physical Planning ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Privatization Process

In this paper the privatization of the planning profession is examined. The analysis proceeds with an exploration of how planners represent their profession through text and speech. Three kinds of rhetoric dominate discussion: a rhetoric of instrumentalism, which is concerned with reestablishing physical planning at the core of the discipline; a rhetoric of negotiation, which often loses sight of why negotiation was initiated in the first place; and a rhetoric of performance assessment, which is content with a planning which achieves its sponsors' goals. None of these concentrations is intrinsically wrong, but their cumulative effect has been to permit a commodification of the functions of planning, which has subsequently facilitated the privatization process. Other elements of planning, not susceptible to commodification, have been dropped from the discourse. One such loss has been the rhetoric of reform, which has traditionally connected planning with its progressive roots and political action. Also absent is a rhetoric of theory, which would permit comparative analysis of the meanings of a postmodern planning.

scholarly journals Core Executive Politics in the Cameron Era, 2010–16: The Dynamics of Whitehall Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Patrick Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Resource Dependency ◽  
British Government ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Executive Politics ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Abstract By the early 1990s, the core executive was established as the ‘new orthodoxy’ in the study of British government at the centre. Thirty years on, this article avers that its main assumptions are increasingly questionable in the light of more recent empirical evidence. The core executive approach may well have outlived its usefulness. This claim is derived from analysis of the Cameron premiership from 2010 to 2016. The focus is on how Whitehall reform radically altered the relationship between politicians and civil servants, reshaping prevailing public service bargains and rules of the game. Ministers identified mechanisms to rebuild political capacity, augmenting partisan control of the bureaucracy. They drew on resources from outside the core executive while politicians increased their sway over civil service appointments. As a result, officials felt they should be ‘responsive’ to ministers. The cumulative effect was to replace interpersonal and institutional resource dependency with a ‘them and us’ model. Consequently, the risk of policy disasters and fiascos grew.

scholarly journals Wayang Golek Ringan Pemanfaatan Limbah sebagai Pengembangan Boneka Wayang Golek

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Trisno Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Technique ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Art Research

Wayang Golek Ringan (Light Marionette Puppet) Waste Utilisation in Developing Wayang golek is a new modification model in making Wayang golek in order to avoid logging. The novelties in the creation of this wayang puppet are presented in its elements, namely the core material, fashion, make-up, and the connection of the limbs of the puppet. The material used in making the puppet cement paper bags, dacron, patchworks. And used styrofoam. The research used a combination method of field work including observation, interview, literature study, Particioan Art Research Technique (PART), FGD, exploration, and empirical method. The combination of the methods was used to collect, classify and analyse the data as well as in the process of creating the puppet. The main purpose of the change of the core material in making the puppet is to preserve the environment by decreasing the logging which may result in the environmental damage.Key word: Wayang golek ringan, wasteWayang Golek Ménak Sentolo pernah mengalami masa kejayaan,  tetapi kini pertunjukan wayang tersebut dapat dikatakan mati. Perlu adanya inovasi di segala hal, penelitian ini menggali dan berinovasi pada penemuan boneka wayang  besar tetapi ringan, serta menggunakan bahan utama dari limbah. Rekayasa model pembuatan boneka wayang golek baru, untuk menghindari penebangan kayu. Pembuatan boneka wayang ini mempunyai kebaruan dalam berbagai unsur yaitu; bahan utama, tata busana, tata rias, serta cara menyambung tangan pada boneka Wayang Golek. Pembuatan kepala boneka Wayang Golek memanfaatkan dahan kayu albasiyah, kemudian dikolaburasikan dengan kertas bekas pembungkus semen, dakron, kain perca, dan stereoform bekas. Metode pencapaian untuk menciptakan boneka merupakan kombinasi antara metode kerja lapangan dengan metode pengamatan, wawancara, studi pustaka, Partisipant Art Reseach Technic (PART), Focus Group Diccuscion (FGD), eksplorasi, dan empiris. Tujuan utama dari perubahan bahan utama pembuatan boneka Wayang Golek ini adalah untuk ikut melestarikan lingkungan agar tidak terlalu mudah untuk menebang pohon yang merusak lingkungan.Kata kunci: Wayang Golek Ringan, Bahan Limbah

The Mfecane as Alibi: Thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Cobbing
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
British Army ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
Characteristic Product

The ‘mfecane’ is a characteristic product of South African liberal history used by the apartheid state to legitimate South Africa's racially unequal land division. Some astonishingly selective use or actual invention of evidence produced the myth of an internally-induced process of black-on-black destruction centring on Shaka's Zulu. A re-examination of the ‘battles’ of Dithakong and Mbolompo suggests very different conclusions and enables us to decipher the motives of subsequent historiographical amnesias. After about 1810 the black peoples of southern Africa were caught between intensifying and converging imperialistic thrusts: one to supply the Cape Colony with labour; another, at Delagoa Bay, to supply slaves particularly to the Brazilian sugar plantations. The flight of the Ngwane from the Mzinyathi inland to the Caledon was, it is argued, a response to slaving. But they ran directly into the colonial raiding-grounds north of the Orange. The (missionary-led) raid on the still unidentified ‘Mantatees’ (not a reference to MaNtatisi) at Dithakong in 1823 was one of innumerable Griqua raids for slaves to counter an acute shortage of labour among Cape settlers after the British expansionist wars of 1811–20. Similar Griqua raids forced the Ngwane south from the Caledon into the Transkei. Here, at Mbolompo in 1828, the Ngwane were attacked yet again, this time by a British army seeking ‘free’ labour after the reorganisation of the Cape's labour-procurement system in July 1828. The British claim that they were parrying a Zulu invasion is exposed as propaganda, and the connexions between the campaign and the white-instigated murder of Shaka are shown. In short, African societies did not generate the regional violence on their own. Rather, caught within the European net, they were transformed over a lengthy period in reaction to the attentions of external plunderers. The core misrepresentations of ‘the mfecane’ are thereby revealed; the term, and the concept, should be abandoned.

People and Projects

1949 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
National Character ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Core ◽  
Character Structure ◽  
Office Of Naval Research ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Margaret Mead ◽  
Ruth Benedict

Two related projects on the national character structure of contemporary great cultures are using anthropological methods as the core of a scientific approach to the better understanding of modern nations. The first, Columbia University's Research in Contemporary Cultures, operating under a contract with the Office of Naval Research, was inaugurated by the late Professor Ruth Benedict in the spring of 1947, and will conclude its field work phase in June, 1949, under the direction of Dr. Margaret Mead.

Secret Agents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veta Smith Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Woman ◽  
The Core ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores the gendered schema at the core of enslaved black women's abolitionist resistance and the scholarly neglect it received by examining the multiple and varied forms of resistance to labor and sexual abuse that four enslaved women engaged in: Mary Elizabeth Bowser, Margaret Garner, Harriet Tubman, and Mary Ellen Pleasant. In all cases, black women manipulated the stereotype of the hapless, deficient, enslaved black woman and used it as camouflage for their anti-slavery and anti-patriarchy insurgency. Either momentarily or permanently, Bowser, Garner, Tubman, and Pleasant became agents of their own or others' liberation. They exercised tactical ingenuity and rare insight into the illogic of both slavery and patriarchy. Ultimately, the success of these women's gendered resistance mystified antagonists, supporters, and scholars alike.

scholarly journals Biogeographical Principles in Horticulture

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Anthony Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The Core

With more than 780 species, Erica is the largest genus in the Core Cape Subregion, once referred to as the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), in South Africa. The redevelopment of the Erica Display Garden at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden to fulfil aesthetic, conservation and educational purposes is described. The author draws on decades of field work in the CFR to open a window for botanic garden visitors and schoolchildren who have not had the privilege of experiencing the unique flora of the CFR. An explanation for the extraordinary diversity of the CFR is explored. The challenge of engaging with visitors and at the same time highlighting the diversity of ericas and fynbos while overcoming the difficulties of growing wild species out of their natural and niche habitats is explained. The most effective way to display South African ericas and fynbos is discussed. The use of phytogeographical themes is preferred as a suitable method to display diversity in botanic garden horticulture. Nine planting beds totalling 8,000 m2 were redeveloped to represent six distinct phytogeographic regions identified in Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (Manning & Goldblatt, 2012). Nineteen of the twenty largest families and genera of the Cape flora are also represented in these displays. Interpretation was created to provide information on the defining features of each region. The phytogeographic theme was used to emulate typical natural floristic features of each and to bring the concept of geographically driven plant diversity to the attention of the visiting public and students.

scholarly journals Variables que influyen en el desarrollo de las competencias centrales, al requerir software en la empresa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantú Mata ◽  
Miguel Ángel Palomo González ◽  
José Segoviano Hernández ◽  
Valeria Paola González Duéñez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Competencies Development ◽  
A Company

Abstract: In this paper, we present a study in a business context, identifying the variables that influence the core competencies development and help to generate a competitive advantage. The literature review identifies variables that, in principle, help a company to innovate, sustainability, survival, and compete in the market. We propose a research model and then perform field work and analysis of results by pointing out the variables that are best represented in the research and make their respective discussion. Key Word: core competencies development, software, strategies Resumen: En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio realizado en el contexto empresarial, identificando las variables que influyen en el desarrollo de las competencias centrales y ayuden a generar una ventaja competitiva. Se realiza una revisión de literatura para identificar las variables que, en principio, ayudan a una empresa a innovar, a la sustentabilidad, a la supervivencia, y competir en el mercado. Se propone un modelo de investigación para después realizar el trabajo de campo y mediante un análisis de resultados señalar las variables que tienen mayor representación en la investigación y realizar surespectiva discusión.Palabras Clave: desarrollo de competencias centrales, estrategias, software

scholarly journals Involuntary Simplicity, Individualism and Wellbeing (Inference from Eastern Ethiopia Communities)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demiessie
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Communities Of Interest ◽  
The Subject

<div><div><b>About the Paper: </b>This paper is an extract from my book manuscript ready for publication. The book is entitled 'The Fabrics of Eastern Ethiopia Communities:Involuntary Simplicity, Individualism and Wellbeing'. The book manuscript, which is organized into 13 chapters, is behavioral and institutional modeling on communities in the settings of urban East Ethiopia.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Objectives</b>: Empirical evidences suggest inferences about the group decision making is an important ingredient for academic and policy endeavours meant to elevate the wellbeing of communities. It is on the background of those issues that the objectives of this study formulated. Behavioral & institutional modeling and possible implications to wellbeing of communities of eastern Ethiopia takes the pillar of inferences.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Material and Methods: </b>Field work information, with ethnographic and formative research techniques takes the core source and tools of inferences.To corroborate inferences made, theoretical and empirical evidences from host of social science, humanities and behavioural science disciplines were used. </div><div><br></div><div><b>Findings:</b> the study concluded that a host of socio-cultural, economic, geopolitical and geographic factors were risking the life of communities of interest. As cope up strategy, communities developed institutional and behavioural mechanisms. </div><div><br></div><div><b>Inference and way forward: </b>Those response mechanisms to risks in wider dimensions of life have a number of implications to wellbeing. Therefore, academic and policy circle should consider the subject in their respective careers. </div></div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Involuntary Simplicity, Individualism and Wellbeing (Inference from Eastern Ethiopia Communities)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demiessie
Keyword(s):  
Group Decision ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Communities Of Interest ◽  
The Subject

<div><div><b>About the Paper: </b>This paper is an extract from my book manuscript ready for publication. The book is entitled 'The Fabrics of Eastern Ethiopia Communities:Involuntary Simplicity, Individualism and Wellbeing'. The book manuscript, which is organized into 13 chapters, is behavioral and institutional modeling on communities in the settings of urban East Ethiopia.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Objectives</b>: Empirical evidences suggest inferences about the group decision making is an important ingredient for academic and policy endeavours meant to elevate the wellbeing of communities. It is on the background of those issues that the objectives of this study formulated. Behavioral & institutional modeling and possible implications to wellbeing of communities of eastern Ethiopia takes the pillar of inferences.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Material and Methods: </b>Field work information, with ethnographic and formative research techniques takes the core source and tools of inferences.To corroborate inferences made, theoretical and empirical evidences from host of social science, humanities and behavioural science disciplines were used. </div><div><br></div><div><b>Findings:</b> the study concluded that a host of socio-cultural, economic, geopolitical and geographic factors were risking the life of communities of interest. As cope up strategy, communities developed institutional and behavioural mechanisms. </div><div><br></div><div><b>Inference and way forward: </b>Those response mechanisms to risks in wider dimensions of life have a number of implications to wellbeing. Therefore, academic and policy circle should consider the subject in their respective careers. </div></div><div><br></div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document