Architecture of the World’s Major Religions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-107
Author(s):  
Thomas Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Ritual Spaces ◽  
Equal Interest ◽  
Multisensory Experience

Abstract In Architecture of the World’s Major Religions: An Essay on Themes, Differences, and Similarities, religious architecture is presented and explained in ways that challenge predominant presumptions regarding its aesthetic, formal, spatial, and scenographic elements. Two positions frame its narrative: religious architecture is an amalgam of aesthetic, social, political, cultural, economic, and doctrinal elements; and these elements are materialized in often very different ways in the world’s principal religions. Central to the essay’s theoretical approaches is the communicative and discursive agency of religious architecture, and the multisensory and ritual spaces it provides to create and deliver content. Subsequently, mythical and scriptural foundations, and symbols of ecclesiastical and political power are of equal interest to formal organizations of thresholds, paths, courts, and centers, and celestial and geometric alignments. Moreover, it is equally concerned with the aesthetic—visual and material cultures and the transcendent realms they were designed to evoke, as it is with the kinesthetic—the dynamic and multisensory experience of place and the tangible experiences of the body’s interactions with architecture.

Introduction National Liberalisms in Illiberal States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. Vail
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

This chapter situates the book in theoretical and empirical contexts. It provides a brief overview of competing theoretical approaches to explaining trajectories of economic reform in continental Europe in the era of austerity and transnational neoliberalism since the early 1990s. Since standard analyses of “neoliberal” reform fail to capture these dynamics of economic reform in continental Europe, as do conventional institutionalist and interest-based accounts, it argues for an approach that emphasizes the political power of ideas and highlights the influence of national liberal traditions—French “statist liberalism,” German “corporate liberalism,” and Italian “clientelist liberalism.” It provides a brief overview of the remainder of the book, which uses a study of national liberal traditions to explain trajectories of reform in fiscal, labor-market, and financial policies in France, Germany, and Italy, three countries that have rejected neoliberal approaches to reform in a neoliberal age.

Aesthetic Judgments and Their Cultural Grounding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Stefan Majetschak
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Aesthetic Judgments

Abstract At present, the theoretical approaches of Baumgarten and Kant continue to constitute the framework for discussing the nature of aesthetic judgments about art, including the question of what such judgments are really articulating. In distinction to those two eighteenth-century theorists, today we would largely avoid an assumption that aesthetic judgments necessarily attribute beauty to the objects being judged; we would as a rule take a far more complex approach to the topic. But whatever we say about art, even today many theorists wish to ground aesthetic judgments in particularities of the aesthetic object, like Baumgarten, or in specific moments of the aesthetic experience, like Kant.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMIC OF CACI MULTIFUNCTION IN MANGGARAI ETHNIC NOWADAYS

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Karolus Budiman Jama ◽  
I Wayan Ardika ◽  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
I Ketut Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

Manggaraian ethnic has a special art named Caci. The art holds and became an identity of the whole of Manggaraian. The art was begun as the ritual of farmer’s land fertility. In its developing, the aesthetic has gone under the multifunction in it show time. The art is not only performing for the shake of the local people culture, but also perform for the political interest as well as the catholic church in Mangggarai.  This research used ethnographic method, data collected through the observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation. The research was done in Manggaraian ethnic of Flores. Every Caci performance has its own unique ideology. The ideology goes behind the cultural Caci performance is the ideology of fertility. The ideology goes behind the government interest of Caci performance is capitalism economy and political power.  The church ideology is inclusivism through the inculturation languages. Keywords: dynamic, multifunction, caci, ideology, culture identity

Die Kontroverse um die Menschenrechte

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Tugendhat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Negative Freedom ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Classical Conception ◽  
Equal Interest ◽  
Positive Concept

AbstractIt is assumed a) that the statement that a human right exists means that a state which does not grant it is not legitimate, and b) that the legitimacy of power can, in modern times, be justified only by showing that it is in the equal interest of everybody. Mere democracy is insufficient to legitimate political power. Freedom for every individual must be guaranteed. So much is common ground in the controversy on human rights, but to interpret these freedom as a negative freedom, as the classical conception of human rights has done, is insufficient and therefore illegitimate, because it is not in the equal interest of everybody. To add a positive concept of freedom is correct but not enough, because it still neglects those who even if they are given the facilities do not have the capacity. Since the handicapped, the old and the young cannot even enter a contract and the disposessed cannot enter a fair contract, the contractarian foundation of human rights must be discarded.

scholarly journals Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Thu Huong Thi Vu ◽  
Tuan Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Sacred Art ◽  
Sacred Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Art And Architecture

In the 16th century, the first Spanish and Portuguese Dominican missionaries arrived in Southeast Asia, included Vietnam, but only after the first decades of the seventeenth century, Christianity began to take hold and lived through different episodes of the Proclamation of the Christian faith: first it was tolerated and then abandoned by the dynasties, supported by the colonialists, declined in the north by the communists, it expanded in the south under the Republic of Vietnam and stabilized until now after the reunification of the country followed by a long breakage due to political change. Along with this story, sacred architecture was interpreted in various ways to define identities in religious life and faith. However, the most difficult period of religious architecture is not only in the political conflict of the past, but also until now, the time of the economic boom. The change of values as well as the aesthetic system make sacred art and architecture remain a giant wheel stuck in mud.

‘I want to say I may have seen my son die this morning’: Unintentional unreliable narration in digital fiction

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Ensslin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Partial Closure ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Unreliable Narration ◽  
Multisensory Experience

This article offers comparative close readings of two digital fictions that feature various types and degrees of unintentional unreliable narration. Its prime focus lies on the affordances and restraints provided by hypertextual, multilinear, multimodal, interactive and ludic new media with respect to the aesthetic representation and textual embedding of unreliability. To this end, I have chosen narratives from two ‘generations’ of digital fiction – a hyperfiction par excellence, and a hypermedia narrative, both of which are multilinear by definition yet deal with the ideas of closure and narrative framing in very different ways. In particular, I shall examine how unintentional, psycho-pathological unreliability in the sense of Riggan’s (1981; cf. Heyd, 2006; Jahn, 1998) ‘madman’ are represented in afternoon, a story (Joyce, 1987) and the German hypermedia novel Quadrego (Maskiewicz, 2001). My comparative analysis shows how manifestations of deviant yet not devious, in the sense of quietly deceptive narration, are aesthetically enriched by techniques afforded by the digital medium, such as hypertextual multilinearity, lack of or partial closure, multisensory experience, fluid transitions and boundaries and, most significantly, the play with reader agency, which may – in cases of radical multilinearity – even lead to readerly unreliability.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF THE CONCEPTS “TRANSIT POTENTIAL OF THE REGION” AND “CUSTOMS TRANSIT REGIME” IN INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Nataliia Trushkina
Keyword(s):  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mode Of Transport

The article analyzes and summarizes the theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "transit", "transit potential" and "customs regime", which have been developed by various scientific schools. The author's approach to defining the essence and content of the term "transit potential of the region" is proposed, which means a set of spatial resources of the region as a whole and transport, in particular, between the elements of this system determine the synergetic effect and act as a mechanism for economic growth and territorial development. The structure of the transit potential of the region should be considered a stable way of combining its elements and subsystems, which reflects the elemental composition, the principle of formation and implementation of this potential. Thus, the elements of the transit potential of the region include everything related to its implementation and growth. Resources are an integral part of the region's transit potential, so they are the primary elements of this system. Conditionally, they can be classified as follows: spatial (nature of the territory and the state of the environment, the development of the transport industry, density and quality of roads, the possibility of their expansion or optimization, the level of contact with neighboring countries, etc.); technical (rolling stock, infrastructure facilities, material and technical base of maintenance, service and repair of vehicles); technological (traditional transport technologies, intermodal technologies, container technologies, scientific technological developments); personnel (quantitative and qualitative composition of employees, their level of competence, staff adaptability to changes in the conditions of the system); managerial (nature and flexibility of the management system, features of its organizational structure, quality of functioning); information (information on the possibilities of realizing the transit potential of the region); financial (state of local budgets, profitability of economic activities, opportunities of banking and financial systems, insurance companies). It is established that the development of the transit potential of the region is influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous factors are divided into geopolitical, macroeconomic, institutional. Each of these groups of factors can be considered in the analysis of capacity development by mode of transport. Endogenous factors include regional (natural-geographical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental) and transport (technical, technological and managerial).

scholarly journals Tourism geography: functional structure and role in tourismology

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Oresta Y. Bordun ◽  
Pavlo V. Romaniv ◽  
Wolodymyr R. Monasryrskyy
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Tourism Geography ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Objective Basis

The objective basis of tourism as a phenomenon of social life makes it a complex, multi-faceted object of scientific knowledge. Geography was one of the sciences that has studied tourism since it became a phenomenon of human existence and has initiated an innovatory scientific direction, that is tourism geography. We researched the theoretical approaches to the definition of the notion tourism geography, tourism studies and tourismology as integral notions in the scientific discourse regarding the study and research on tourism. We determined the main legal, organizational, natural, socio-economic, humanitarian and other basics of the geography of tourism which are orientated at provision of dynamic development in the sphere in general. Modern traditions and tendencies of the European school of tourism studies, novel scientific orientations in the block of adjacent disciplines were evaluated and the authors` interpretation of the functional structure of the direction “Tourism geography” are presented. We determined the integral character of the theory of tourism geography with its characteristic structural changes due to the multi-functionality of scientific directions, because tourism geography is a complex naturalecological-socio-economic system which covers geographical, ecological, socio-cultural, economic, political, organization-legal and other aspects, processes and phenomena is related to comfortable and safe recreation. The position of tourism geography in the system of sciences and scientific disciplines with updated notion-category apparatus were characterized. We determined the peculiarities of the structural-functional scheme of the touristic sphere (use of the natural and cultural-historical resources – providing touristic services – obtaining economic profits). We should note the increasing attention to the ecological problems of tourism geography, balance of the social, ecological, economic components at different levels of territorial organization of the touristic process.

The Democratic Sublime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Frank
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Representational Space ◽  
Political Aesthetics ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Collective Actor

The transition from royal to popular sovereignty during the age of democratic revolutions—from 1776 to 1848—entailed not only the reorganization of institutions of governance and norms of political legitimacy, but also a dramatic transformation in the iconography and symbolism of political power. The representational difficulties posed by the replacement of the personal and external rule of the king, whose body was the tangible locus of authority, with the impersonal and immanent self-rule of the people, whose power could not be incontestably embodied, went beyond questions of institutionalization and law into the aesthetic realm of visualization, composition, and form. How to make the people’s sovereign will tangible to popular judgment was—and is—a crucial problem of democratic political aesthetics. This book explores how the revolutionary proliferation of popular assemblies—crowds, demonstrations, gatherings of the “people out of doors”—mediated and gave tangibility to the people manifesting itself as a collective actor capable of enacting dramatic political reforms and change. During the age of democratic revolutions, popular assemblies became privileged sites of democratic representation because they at once claim to represent the people while also signaling the material plenitude beyond any representational claim. They retain this power in part because popular assemblies make manifest that which escapes representational capture; they rend a tear in the established representational space of appearance and draw their power from tarrying with the ineffability and resistant materiality of the people’s will. During the age of democratic revolutions, popular assemblies became the locus of the democratic sublime.

Overview of Architecture and Religion Since 1500

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Political Center ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Over Time

The architecture of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam during the historically significant period of the 16th through 20th centuries reveals many similarities and differences. Particularly important are the architectural languages each employed to materialize, facilitate, and communicate their religion, and how they changed over time. Additionally, the ontological and symbolic roles of architecture and the key theoretical approaches to the subject are relevant contexts. These include typological taxonomies of organizations, path sequences, and historical, conceptual, or symbolic characteristics. Lastly, seven primary roles of religious architecture—historical, authoritative, commemorative, theocentric, cosmological, prestige, and community places–can effectively situate and contextualize particular examples. During the pivotal 16th century, popes remade St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican and transformed Rome into the ecclesiastical and political center of Christianity; Jews built substantial synagogues that reflected their status during the Golden Age of Jews in Poland; and the Ottoman Empire built some of its most significant mosque complexes that expressed the hegemony of the theocratic state. Subsequent periods of the architecture of the Abrahamic religions illustrate particular themes, and explicate the variety of roles, and relative importance, of the architecture at particular periods. Modernism, in particular, produced significant changes in the architecture, where complexity, ambiguity, inventiveness, and oscillations between tradition and innovation reflected the impacts of new technologies, liturgical reforms, and global architectural cultures. Throughout, the capacity of architecture to materialize and communicate ontological, historical, religious, and sociopolitical content and accommodate communal rituals cannot be overstated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document