Edward Bellamy: Looking Back at American Socialism in the Nineteenth Century (2003)

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Edward Bellamy ◽  
Looking Back

scholarly journals Obituary notices of fellows deceased

1924 ◽  
Vol 95 (671) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Geological Feature ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Evolutionary Thought ◽  
Principles Of Geology ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Looking Back

Looking back on the life of Alfred Russel Wallace in this, the centenary of his birth, it is right to think of him as the last survivor of a band of comrades to whom we owe that growth in evolutionary thought which is probably the chief intellectual characteristic of the nineteenth century. Lyell, inspired by Buckland at Oxford, started the movement in his “Principles of Geology,” of which Darwin said that it altered the whole tone of the reader’s mind, so much so indeed that he felt, when he looked on any new geological feature, that he was seeing it with Lyell's eyes rather than his own. Then, in the onward rush, influencing and being influenced as Lyell was by his disciple, were Hooker, Huxley and Wallace. Nor must mention be omitted of H. W. Bates, whose friendship early in life was the determining cause of Wallace’s journey to the tropics; nor of Herbert Spencer, a great power half a century ago, with his sonorous sentences and sublime infallibility. We remember how Darwin said that to read Spencer always made him feel like a worm, but that he retained the worm’s privilege of wriggling, and at another time, more incisively, “wonderfully clever, and I dare say mostly true.” And the story perhaps invented, but if so well invented, of Spencer’s reply to an argument— “That can’t be true, for otherwise ‘First Principles’ would have to be re-written— and the edition is stereotyped .”

The Present Position of Representative Democracy

1932 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Harold J. Laski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Post War ◽  
Looking Back

The problem of representative democracy has been altered in a final way by the events of the post-war years. It is improbable that any one will again defend its superiority over alternative forms of government in the terms which would have satisfied either Jefferson or Jeremy Bentham. It is obvious that any view which places confidence in the power of universal suffrage and representative institutions, unaided and of themselves, to secure a permanently well-ordered commonwealth is seriously under-estimating the complexity of the issue. Such a view not only gravely exaggerates the power of reason over interest in society; it also misconceives the dynamic nature of the purpose which representative democracy is seeking to secure.Looking back now, at a generation's distance, upon the success of representative democracy in the nineteenth century, it is plain that this was due to the coincidence of quite special conditions.

Neo-transcendentalism in the New Left Counter-culture: A Vision of the Future Looking Back

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
New Left ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
National Salvation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Looking Back

The student movement of the 1960s has been characterized as the dawn of a new national consciousness and a new counter-culture, ‘the passionate revolution of creative intelligence’, and ‘the saving vision our endangered civilization required’. The New Left spokesmen for the movement have proclaimed themselves the vanguard of a unique cultural and political rebellion against what they consider the evils of capitalist-pluralist America. They present their arguments in Hegelian terms as a new and profound synthesis of the progressive elements embodied in America's political and intellectual history. Yet a more probing analysis of American history indicates that the values inherent in the New Left counter-culture are not very new at all. In fact, apart from their rhetoric, the New Left cultural and political attitudes bear a striking similarity to certain nineteenth-century Utopian outlooks. The most direct antecedent of the modern counter-culture appears to be the New England transcendental- ist movement which emerged in the 1840s. This relationship between a New Left counter-culture, credited by its supporters with messianic characteristics for national salvation, and a nineteenth-century utopianism that made no significant impact on the unfolding of history raises many questions about the credibility and future of the counter-culture.

“No Deceit Safe in Its Hiding Place”: The Criminal Trial in Eighteenth-Century Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-478
Author(s):  
Fabio López-Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
Looking Back

The least understood aspect of the punishment of crime in pre-nineteenth-century Spanish society is trial procedure. This is not surprising. Our misapprehensions and misinterpretations of the past are principally the product of eighteenth-century reality being sieved through an uncritical acceptance of nineteenth-century political criticism. The West inherits much of its modern paradigm from the Spain of 1808 to 1834, from Romantic images of Goya as the enlightened individual fighting obscurantism to portrayals of heroic guerrilla patriots seeking to wrest political reform from a reactionary central government. It also inherits, although less consciously, the political rubrics of liberal and conservative (and absolutist) from nationalist polemics during the 1808–1814 French occupation. When looking back half a century later, Spaniards wanted to distinguish themselves clearly from the past.

BROAD-CHURCH HOMILETICS, KINGSLEY'SHYPATIA, AND THE CULTIVATED READER IN THE PEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-509
Author(s):  
Daniel Cook
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Charles Kingsley ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Mind ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Church ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Looking Back

The first issue and numberof theNineteenth Century, 1877, included a searching article by J. Baldwin Brown entitled “Is the Pulpit Losing Its Power?” Looking back over the decades, Brown marked a generational decline in England's preaching, which he argued had now been eclipsed by a print market distributing “freest discussion of the most sacred truths.” Brown lamented that fewer talented men now joined the Anglican ministry, while the Church had increasingly withdrawn from the social mission which had animated mid-century preachers like Charles Kingsley (107–09). More troublingly, Brown speculated that modern Britons had become constitutionally averse to the homiletic situation. The preacher, he writes, often “seems as if he came down on the vast range of subjects which he is tempted to handle as from a superior height; and this is what the scientific mind can never endure. . . . [T]here has always been a sort of omniscient tone in the pulpit method of handling intellectual questions which stirs fierce rebellion in cultivated minds and hearts” (109–10). Brown pulls up short of blaming theology per se; for him its language of “above” and “beyond” has continuing relevance (110). Still, he broaches the possibility that by its very nature preaching risks antagonizing what current scholarship would term the “liberal subject”: one which prizes freedom of conscience, empirical exploration, and debate.

scholarly journals Raising a Modern Ghost: The Magic Lantern and the Persistence of Wonder in the Victorian Education of the Senses

2009 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Verity Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Optical Science ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Magic Lantern ◽  
Looking Back

Abstract This article begins by posing the question of why the eminent Victorian inventor and scientist of optics, Sir David Brewster (1781-1868), chooses to appear in a popular domestic magic lantern handbook of the 1860s, offering a testimonial to the value and importance of that by-that-time familiar parlour toy? By looking back some thirty years or so to Brewster’s Letters On Natural Magic (1832), in which the scientist sets out his project for a popular training of the senses, it highlights the part played by optical entertainments and discourses of magical wonder in Victorian education(s) of the eye, and the particular visuality of wonder as sensory experience. In its discussion of wonder, this article asserts the importance of an emotion frequently excluded from a longstanding picture of a nineteenth century ‘disenchanted’ by science and technology. Someone like Brewster is interesting because he explicitly, programmatically weighs in against irrationality; yet, in explaining away superstitious wonder in terms of, predominantly optical illusion, he retains some of the glamour or fascination of these illusions. As a member of the scientific elite working for the popularisation of optical science and technology for the ‘vulgar’ masses, the scientist may be reassessed and understood as a player in a cultural middle ground, an ambiguous hinterland between positions of outright superstition and outright disillusionment. Exploring the enchantments of technology, this article underlines how optical devices and the visions they offer are instrumental in the evolution of an emerging nexus of Victorian wonders. Through a case study of the magic lantern in nineteenth-century popular science and entertainment, it shows how multiple, diverse ‘wondering’ perspectives gather around a single, longstanding visual machine.

scholarly journals Rangahau and Transformative Leadership

Te Kaharoa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Rangiwai
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Transformative Leadership ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Leadership Models ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Future ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Looking Back

In this paper, I will argue that for Māori - for whom time is cyclical - looking back and developing leadership models based on the leadership traits and achievements of our ancestors is imperative. Indeed, for Māori, ka mua, ka muri - we walk back into the future. However, how do we re-discover elements of our past through rangahau? McDonald (2017) argues that rangahau, informed by Māori knowledge and a Māori worldview, is a traditional Māori process of inquiry whereby new knowledge can be developed out of old knowledge. This process contains three stages: to search; to investigate; and to determine (McDonald, 2017). This paper will present a prophetic model of leadership based on the critical innovations of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki that emerge out of one of his nineteenth-century prophecies. This model was developed using the three-stage rangahau process outlined by McDonald (2017).

Architecture Under Nationalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-388
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Edward Bellamy ◽  
Utopian Literature ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Industrial Cities

The international smash Looking Backward 2000–1887, by Edward Bellamy, represents the peak of nineteenth-century utopian literature. As the troubles of American industrial cities reached a boiling point, this novel offered a seductive vision of universal prosperity under industrial socialism. Its urban design content was somewhat vague, but Bellamy quickly published an essay clarifying his commitment to the principles of urban decentralization, and a number of his fans wrote sequels driving this point home. As a major political movement called “Nationalism” rose to carry out Bellamy’s vision, William Morris roused his pen in London to rebut Looking Backward with an anti-industrial counter-utopia of pastoral peace: News from Nowhere. The suburban Morris had more in common with Bellamy, however, than he realized. At the same time, the architect John Pickering Putnam called for garden apartments to define the coming Nationalist utopia, testing his ideas with several prominent projects in Boston’s Back Bay.

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