scholarly journals Activating Leptin Receptors in the Central Nervous System Using Intranasal Leptin. A Novel Therapeutic Target for Sleep-disordered Breathing

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary S. M. Ip ◽  
Babak Mokhlesi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Disordered Breathing

scholarly journals Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated With Impaired Odor Identification in Older U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse K Siegel ◽  
Xiandao Yuan ◽  
Kristen E Wroblewski ◽  
Martha K McClintock ◽  
Jayant M Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Odor Sensitivity ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common, underdiagnosed condition in older adults with major health consequences, including disrupted central nervous system functioning. Whether SDB may affect sensory function is unclear. We sought to address this question by comparing 2 forms of olfactory testing which measure peripheral and central olfactory processing. Methods We assessed SDB (survey-reported snoring frequency, nighttime apneic events, or diagnosis of sleep apnea) in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults. Odor sensitivity (peripheral) and odor identification (central) were assessed with validated instruments. Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between SDB and olfaction, accounting for relevant covariates, including demographics, cognition, and comorbidity. Results Twenty-nine percent of older U.S. adults reported symptoms of SDB (apneic events or nightly snoring). Of these, only 32% had been diagnosed with sleep apnea. Older adults with SDB (those who reported symptoms or have been diagnosed with sleep apnea) were significantly more likely to have impaired odor identification (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.83, p = .012) in analyses that accounted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, cognition, comorbidities (including depression), and body mass index. Presence of SDB was not associated with impaired odor sensitivity (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.43, p = .84). Conclusion SDB is highly prevalent but underdiagnosed in older U.S. adults and is associated with impaired odor identification but not odor sensitivity. These data support the concept that SDB affects pathways in the central nervous system which involve chemosensory processing.

scholarly journals Pericytes for Therapeutic Approaches to Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Cao ◽  
Yanbo Zhou ◽  
Mengguang Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pericytes are perivascular multipotent cells located on capillaries. Although pericytes are discovered in the nineteenth century, recent studies have found that pericytes play an important role in maintaining the blood—brain barrier (BBB) and regulating the neurovascular system. In the neurovascular unit, pericytes perform their functions by coordinating the crosstalk between endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells. Dysfunction of pericytes can lead to a variety of diseases, including stroke and other neurological disorders. Recent studies have suggested that pericytes can serve as a therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. In this review, we first summarize the biology and functions of pericytes in the central nervous system. Then, we focus on the role of dysfunctional pericytes in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Finally, we discuss new therapies for ischemic stroke based on targeting pericytes.

scholarly journals Leptin participation in the processes of nervous impulse transmission and its influence on the formation of neuro-mental development of children

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
G. O. Momot ◽  
E. V. Krukovich ◽  
T. N. Surovenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Nervous Impulse ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Functional Features

Review of publications on the functional features of leptin in the central nervous system in children. The participation of leptin mechanisms in the transmission of nerve impulses, the effect of leptin on cognitive functions in children. The article reveals the general mechanisms of maturation of the central nervous system in children, the participation of leptin and leptin receptors in the formation of cognitive abilities in children. Possible interrelationships of impairments in cognitive development and lipid metabolism including obesity are revealed.

scholarly journals Noxious Mechanosensation

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-232
Author(s):  
Patrick Delmas ◽  
Sergiy Mikhailovych Korogod ◽  
Bertrand Coste
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Sensory Coding ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mechanical Transduction ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

This article introduces a number of critical features of mechanical transduction and neuronal sensory coding, with particular reference to mechanical pain. High threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMRs) in skin are the first relay point for the transduction of noxious mechanical force into the nervous system, and their properties determine how and when nociceptive signal is relayed up to the central nervous system. The article describes the structure and physiology of the mechano-nociceptors and explains the peripheral molecular mechanisms of transduction leading to mechanical pain. In addition, this article also describes a set of computer models of HTMRs and relevant ion channels representing structural and biophysical features of the biological prototype. A better understanding of HTMRs’ function may lead to the development of novel therapeutic pathways in the treatment of chronic mechanical pain.

scholarly journals GEN-13 FIREWORK PATTERN OF CANCER GENESIS FOR GLIOBLASTOMA, IDH-WILDTYPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii8-ii8
Author(s):  
Seon-Jin Yoon ◽  
Junseong Park ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim ◽  
Joo Ho Lee ◽  
Jong Hee Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Special Environment

Abstract Treatment of Glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype is a history of sequential failure. The cure for this disease is a distant story, and it is really the emperor of cancer. We believe that GBM should not be considered one of several cancers, and GBM is a cancer that occurs in a special environment called the central nervous system (CNS). What is the biggest difference between other cancers and cancers of the nervous system? It is thought to be neurogenesis. This presentation will review GBM genesis based on neurogensis of CNS. It also explains what the cell of origin is, what somatic mutations occur at the cell of origin, and why these somatic mutations occur. Human glioblastoma (GBM) occurs in a place without cancer tissue, that is, in the subventricular zone and have introduced the name of the firework pattern of cancer genesis, which is a metaphorical representation of the GBM genesis. So far, we have been trying to develop therapeutics focused on bulk tumors. However, in the case of GBM, IDH-wildtype, it has been found that the cell of origin is not in the tumor but is in normal SVZ, so it is now considered that the therapeutic target should also include the cell of origin.

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