A re-evaluated taxon: Genetic values and morphological characters support the recognition of the Canary Island juniper of the phoenicea group at a specific level

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 406 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGEL ROMO ◽  
MAŁGORZATA MAZUR ◽  
MONTSERRAT SALVÀ-CATARINEU ◽  
ADAM BORATYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Canary Island ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
High Level

Analyses based on cone, seed and needle characteristics revealed that J. canariensis Guyot in Mathou & Guyot is distinct from both the Circum-Mediterranean J. turbinata and West-Mediterranean J. phoenicea. The genetic differences between these three taxa, which make up the aggregate of J. phoenicea, are found also at a high level. These data support the recognition of the Canarian juniper at the specific level. A key is proposed, in which taxa of the J. phoenicea aggregate can be distinguished on the basis of morphological traits.                The nomenclatural name: Juniperus phoenicea subsp. canariensis, widely employed in the literature, is validly published. Besides we adduce that Juniperus canariensis Knight ex Godron, is not a validly published name, and therefore can not be considered an earlier homonym of J. canariensis Guyot in Mathou & Guyot.

scholarly journals Comparative Morphology, Phylogeny, Classification and Evolution of Interstitial Habits in Microcambevine Catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Taxonomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-344
Author(s):  
Wilson J. E. M. Costa ◽  
Axel M. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Available Information

The Microcambevinae are a catfish subfamily endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising rare species with interstitial habits. Microcambevines have been classified in two genera, Listrura and Microcambeva, but the relationships among included intrageneric lineages are still poorly understood. The objectives of this study are to conduct a phylogenetic analysis integrating morphological characters and a multigene dataset, and to propose a classification better reflecting morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses combining 57 morphological characters and a 2563 bp molecular dataset generated similar phylogenetic trees with high support values for most clades, including the two genera and some intrageneric groups. Six morphologically distinctive infrageneric lineages, three in Listrura and three in Microcambeva, are classified as subgenera, as well as two new species are described. The morphological diversity here recorded integrated to available information about habitat indicate high level of divergent specialisation among lineages. The analyses indicate a series of convergent morphological traits between Listrura and other teleosts sharing a fossorial lifestyle, as well as specialised traits independently occurring within Listrura lineages. Similarly, a great diversity of morphological traits occurs convergently in Microcambeva lineages and other teleosts sharing psammophilic habits. This study shows that combining molecular and morphological data yields well-supported phylogenies, making possible to unambiguously diagnose clades and to establish evolutionary hypothesis on morphological evolution.

scholarly journals Overview of the Genetic Diversity of African Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) and Implications for Taxonomy, Ecology and Food Science

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Egan ◽  
Zwannda Nethavhani ◽  
Barbara van Asch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
High Level

Macrotermes termites play important ecological roles and are consumed by many communities as a delicacy and dietary complement throughout Africa. However, lack of reliable morphological characters has hampered studies of Macrotermes diversity in a wide range of scientific fields including ecology, phylogenetics and food science. In order to place our preliminary assessment of the diversity of Macrotermes in South Africa in context, we analysed a comprehensive dataset of COI sequences for African species including new and publicly available data. Phylogenetic reconstruction and estimates of genetic divergence showed a high level of incongruity between species names and genetic groups, as well as several instances of cryptic diversity. We identified three main clades and 17 genetic groups in the dataset. We propose that this structure be used as a background for future surveys of Macrotermes diversity in Africa, thus mitigating the negative impact of the present taxonomic uncertainties in the genus. The new specimens collected in Limpopo fell into four distinct genetic groups, suggesting that the region harbours remarkable Macrotermes diversity relative to other African regions surveyed in previous studies. This work shows that African Macrotermes have been understudied across the continent, and that the genus contains cryptic diversity undetectable by classic taxonomy. Furthermore, these results may inform future taxonomic revisions in Macrotermes, thus contributing to advances in termitology.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Root and Yield Related Morphological Characters in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Effect On Yield

AbstractRelation between morphological traits of the root system and yield related traits is an important issue concerning efforts aiming at improving of ideotype of cultivated plants species, including pea. In this paper, to analyse the dependency between traits describing the root system morphology and yield potential, Person’s andSpearman's_correlations as well as canonical correlations were used.Root system was analyzed in 14 and 21 day-old seedlings growing in blotting-paper cylinders. Yield potential of pea was analysed in a field experiment. Results of Person’s and Spearman's_correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density were correlated witch yield related traits. Correlation between root length and shoot length was observed only for 14 day-old seedlings. The result of canonical correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density had the largest effect on yield related traits. This work highlights, that in order to improve the yield of pea it might become necessary to understand genetic determination of morphological traits of the root system, especially number of lateral roots.

Morphological traits of the development of the skin and wool cover in sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
I. I. Dmitrik ◽  
G. V. Zavgorodnyaya ◽  
M. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Podkorytov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Side ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Research Material ◽  
High Level ◽  
Significant Factors

A large number of works are devoted to the development of the skin and hair cover of sheep, depending on their breed affiliation, age, feeding conditions and housing. The authors point out that along with other conditions the quality of wool and wool clip is greatly influenced by the conditions of the feeding of animals. A high level of feeding increases the wool clip and improves the quality of the wool and vice versa a low level reduces, causes thinning and worsens other physical properties of the wool. As is known, one of the significant factors that determine the increase in wool clip is the size of the animal and, consequently, the total area of the skin. The purpose of the research was to investigate the morphological traits of the development of the skin and wool cover in sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type. The research material was wool samples from four topographic areas of the animal’s body (side/thigh/back/belly) and skin (side) of different sex and age groups, selected from the animals of the studied groups. In the course of research, the quality of wool and indicators of the histostructure of the skin of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep have been investigated. In terms of thick-haired of wool, replacement rams and gimbers of Prikatunsky meat and wool type of sheep were superior by 4,82 pcs. per mm² or 19,0 % and 4,41 pcs. per mm² or 15,8 % of adult animals, respectively. Balance secondary follicles/primary follicles in young animals were higher by 10,3 and 17,3 % compared to breeding rams and ewes. The wool of the replacement young animals was thinner by 7,28 and 4,78 microns and they were more thick-haired. The obtained data will be used in the mating campaign when mating program rams in order to improve the sheep of Prikatunsky meat and wool type.

New circumscription of Cryptanthus and new Cryptanthoid genera and subgenera  (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular phylogeny

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELTON M. C. LEME ◽  
SASCHA HELLER ◽  
GEORG ZIZKA ◽  
HEIDEMARIE HALBRITTER
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Stigma Morphology ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Petal Size

The authors provide a new circumscription for genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” of Bromeliaceae subfam. Bromelioideae, originally composed of Cryptanthus, Lapanthus, Orthophytum, and Sincoraea, on the basis of new or re-evaluated ecological, geographical and morphological evidence, as well as molecular phylogenies. A new generic status is proposed for Cryptanthus subg. Hoplocryptanthus and two new genera, Forzzaea, and Rokautskyia, as well as four new subgenera in Orthophytum (Capixabanthus, Clavanthus, Krenakanthus, and Orthocryptanthus) are described to render taxonomic units monophyletic. The recognized taxa are well circumscribed by the combination of geographical range, ecology and morphological characters (sex distribution, leaf succulence, sepal and petal size and connation, petal appendages, pollen and stigma morphology, fruit size, calyx persistency, seed size and number per fruit). Field collected living specimens of 78 of the 81 species of Cryptanthus s.l., all species of Lapanthus, 58 of the 59 species of Orthophytum, and all species of Sincoraea were analysed in habitat and/or in cultivation, allowing the documentation and illustration of new and underutilized characters. The molecular analysis incorporated 91 accessions representing 33 species of Cryptanthus, all species (3) of Lapanthus, 42 species of Orthophytum, and 9 species of Sincoraea, including the type species for the first three genera and four outgroup taxa. The results suggest, that some morphological characters generally considered homoplasious for Bromelioideae, for the “Cryptanthoid complex”, are not homoplasious at least within the obtained, biogeographycally well delimited clades and their taxonomical utility is redeemed.

Flavonoid studies in four species of the Oxytropis campestris complex (Fabaceae–Galegeae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Elisens ◽  
K. E. Denford
Keyword(s):  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Data Support

Thirteen flavone and eight flavonol glycosides from four taxa of Oxytropis campestris (L.)DC. s. lat. have been isolated and identified. The compounds are based on five aglycone moieties and have several characteristic glycosidic patterns. Unlike some previously examined polyploid complexes, the component taxa have markedly divergent flavonoid profiles. It appears that considerable phytochemical differentiation has accompanied morphological and cytological diversification within the complex. These data support taxonomic recognition of the component taxa at the specific level.

scholarly journals The effect of the height gradient on morphological traits of Dracocephalum nutans L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Gulnora Denisova ◽  
Safarbek Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflorescence Length ◽  
Height Factor

Individuals of Dracocephalum nutans L. have been studied at different altitude levels from 460 to 2437 m above the level seas. The influence of the height gradient on morphological characters has been shown: the number of generative and vegetative shoots, the height of the generative shoot, the length and width of the leaf blade, length of its petiole, and inflorescence length. It was found that the height gradient has the greatest influence on the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence. When individuals grow higher along the altitude gradient, the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence decrease. The fluctuation of the average values of the traits of D. nutans in a wide range was established. The intrapopulation analysis of D. nutans individuals does not depend on the height factor.

scholarly journals The effect of the photoperiod on the level of endogenous growth regulators in pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kriesel ◽  
Sławomir Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
High Level

The investigations were performed on pine seedlings growing under 12, 16 and 20 hour photoperiods. In 4 succesive stages of seedling development i.e. after 2, 12, 18 and 30 weeks of culture morphological characters of the seedlings were measured and the levels of auxins-, gibberellins-, cytokininsand abscisic acid-like inhibitor were determined. The intensity of growth and development of juvenile leaves, needles and of the shoot was the lowest in plants growing under 12 hour photoperiod conditions. As the length of the photoperiod increased so did the intensity of these processes. Under the 12 hour photoperiod the development of scale leaves, axillary buds and the formation of the terminal bud started earliest. This process reached completion under the 12 hour photoperiod and the bud remained in a state of dormancy. Seedlings growing under the 12 hour photoperiod were characterized by a low level of stimulators, and at the same time by a high level of inhibitors. On the other hand in seedlings grown at 16 and 20 hour photoperiods the content of stimulators was higher and that of inhibitors lower. A high intensity of growth and development processes was correlated with a high level of stimulators while a high level of inhibitors was correlated with a low intensity of these processes.The obtained results suggest the participation of gibberellins and cytokinins in the processes of regulation of the initiation of scale leaves and axillary buds, and the participation of these hormones and of abscisic acid in the regulation of needle elongation.

Recharacterisation and photo-documentation of five North American Bursaphelenchus species from C.L. Massey’s type material

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Barbara J. Center
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
The Status

The type specimens of fiveBursaphelenchusspecies described by Massey,i.e.,B. bestiolus,B. corneolus,B. elytrus,B. newmexicanusandB. wilfordi, were re-examined and photo-documented to update their descriptions in light of a contemporary understanding of the genus. The presence of a lateral field, basal swelling of stylet, P1 ventral single papilla of males and a pair of three-celled structures in females, which were not described or mentioned in the original descriptions, were observed, although the number of lateral incisures were not clarified because of sample condition. Within these five species, the intrageneric groupings ofB. bestiolusandB. wilfordihad been unclear. In the present study, because of newly observed morphological characters,B. bestiolusis considered to belong to thehofmanni-group, and is close toB. talonusandB. rufipennis. These three species form a species complex and are distinguished from each other only by female tail morphology. The species status ofB. wilfordiis still unclear, although, based on spicule morphology and structure and arrangement of genital papillae, we consider it to belong to thehofmanni-group, close toB. parvispicularis,B. paraparvispicularisandB. osumiana. However, female characters ofB. wilfordiare also similar to members of thecocophilus-group andParasitaphelenchus. Re-isolation and molecular identification are necessary to confirm the status of these species. By contrast, the affiliations ofB. corneoluswith thehofmanni-group andB. elytrusandB. newmexicanuswith theeggersi-group were confirmed. Based upon its morphological traits,B. corneolusis close toB. gerberaeandB. paracorneolus, and is distinguished from these species by its spicule morphology, female tail morphology and female post-uterine sac length. However, male specimens ofB. corneoluswere not available for the present study and confirmation is necessary.Bursaphelenchus elytrusis similar toB. tusciaeand is distinguished from it by its spicule (condylus) morphology and excretory pore position.Bursaphelenchus newmexicanusis close toB. glochisand is distinguished from it mostly by morphometrics and spicule (condylus) morphology. However, morphometrics usually vary among individuals and populations of a species, necessitating morphometric and molecular comparisons of more isolates (strains) in order to clarify specific status.

scholarly journals Systematic Evaluation of Landrace Tea Populations in Northern Sichuan, China, Based on Morphology, DNA Markers, and Biochemistry Analyses

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101
Author(s):  
Li-Qiang Tan ◽  
Xin-Yu Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Guan-Qun Liu ◽  
Yao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Landrace tea populations are important recourses for germplasm conservation and selection of elite tea clone cultivars. To understand their genetic diversity and use them effectively for breeding, two traditional landrace tea populations, Beichuan Taizicha (BCTZ) and Nanjiang Dayecha (NJDY), localized to northern Sichuan, were evaluated for morphological characters, simple sequence repeat (SSR)–based DNA markers and the contents of biochemical components. A wide range of morphological variation and a moderately high level of DNA polymorphism were observed from both BCTZ and NJDY. NJDY had on average, bigger leaves, larger flowers, higher total catechins (TCs), and greater gene diversity (GD) than BCTZ. Interestingly, samples from BCTZ had a wide range in the ratio of galloylated catechins to nongalloylated catechins (G/NG) (1.83–8.12, cv = 48.8%), whereas samples from NJDY were more variable in total amino acid (TAA) content (25.3–50.8 mg·g−1 dry weight) than those from BCTZ. We concluded that the two Camellia sinensis landrace populations are of great interest for both individual selection breeding and scientific studies.

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