The pupal exuviae of Chironomus crassimanus Strenzke (Diptera: Chironomidae), an acid-resistant species from Germany

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2026 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERTO GONÇALVES RODRIGUES ◽  
PETER H. LANGTON ◽  
BURKHARD W. SCHARF
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
First Descriptions

The first descriptions of the pupal exuviae of Chironomus crassimanus Strenzke, 1959 were based on mixed populations of Chironomus which did not allow a proper recognition of their features in the available taxonomical keys. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of Ch. crassimanus based on laboratory-reared specimens. A more comprehensive description is ensued and ecological information on the species is also provided.

SEM study of phytoliths produced by grasses indigenous to the desert experimental range in southwestern utah

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Carver ◽  
Terry Ball ◽  
John S. Gardner ◽  
Kali M. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Phytolith Analysis ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Experimental Range ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Insight Into

The USDA Desert Experimental Range Station located in southwestern Utah has been conducting an ongoing investigation into the effects of grazing on the ecology of the region, The study reported herein is a preliminary effort to determine if phytolith analysis can be used to gain insight into the ecology of the region prior to the 60 year period over which records have been kept.Phytoliths are solid deposits of silicon dioxide that form at specific intracellular and extracellular locations in many plant taxa. Grasses produce phytoliths with morphological characteristics diagnostic of their taxa. When a plant dies, its phytoliths resist decomposition thereby becoming micro-fossils of the plant that produced them. Micro-fossil phytoliths provide archaeobotanical and ecological information because they remain in the same soil horizon at which decay occured. In this study phytoliths produced by four grasses indigenous to the Experimental Range were analyzed. Phytoliths extracted from soil samples of different grazing treatments at the Range were then analyzed to determine if any similar to those produced by the four grasses could be identified in the soil. If so, then phytolith analysis could prove to be a viable research tool for those studying the paleoecology of the Range.

Outlining Species: Drawing as a Research Technique in Contemporary Biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Research Technique ◽  
First Descriptions

ArgumentBiological drawings of newly described or revised species are expected to represent the type specimen with greatest possible accuracy. In taxonomic practice, illustrations assume the function of mobile representatives of relatively immobile specimens. In other words, such illustrations serve as “immutable mobiles” in the Latourian sense. However, the significance of drawing in the context of first descriptions goes far beyond that of illustration in the conventional sense. Not only does it synthesize the verbal catalogue of the type's morphological characteristics: it also enables the examination of these traits. The efficacy of drawing is thus closely related to its power to direct and redirect observation; it is inextricably bound up with the act of making a drawing. Although the invariance of the “immutable mobiles” is a key virtue of the logistics of “paperwork,” the recovery of graphic knowledge requires a much stronger dynamic activity – a process of sequential processing that brings out differences by translating the phenomenon under examination into various modes of graphic representation.

scholarly journals New insights into the phylogeny of Sinocarum (Apiaceae, Apioideae) based on morphological and molecular data

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Yan-Ping Xiao ◽  
Xian-Lin Guo ◽  
Megan Price ◽  
Wei Gou ◽  
Song-Dong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Sinocarum is a Sino-Himalayan endemic genus of Apiaceae and distributed in high-elevations from Nepal to SW China. In this study, morphological characteristics were combined with nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) intron sequences (rpl16 and rps16) to determine the phylogenetic placement of Sinocarum and the infrageneric relationships between five Sinocarum species. The results confirmed that Sinocarum was a polyphyletic group separated into two clades, Acronema and East Asia clades. S. coloratum, the generic type of Sinocarum, S. cruciatum, S. vaginatum and S. filicinum are in the Acronema clade. Among them, the first three species are clustered into a subclade and are closely related to the genus Acronema. While S. filicinum has a close affinity with Meeboldia. S. schizopetalum did not ally with its congeners we collected and is allied closely with members of the distantly related East Asia clade. In addition, the fruit of the Acronema clade Sinocarum species is usually oblong-ovoid or ovoid, and the pollen is super-rectangular, while the Sinocarum species in the East Asia clade have broad-ovoid fruit and sub-rhomboidal pollen. This study has furnished cumulative evidence to reduce phylogenetic uncertainty and provide a more comprehensive description of the plant morphology, fruit morphology and anatomy, and pollen morphology of these five Chinese Sinocarum species.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical relationships in Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Mitić ◽  
Toni Nikolić ◽  
Zlatko Liber
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Cultivated Populations

The relationships within the <em>Alpine-Dinaric</em> and cultivated populations of the genus <em>Iris</em>, <em>Pallidae</em> series, have been analysed. Seven morphological characteristics (stem length, length of the largest leaf, greatest width of the largest leaf, length of the smallest leaf, greatest width of the smallest leaf, the number of leaves and the number of flowers) and seven leaf anatomical (length and width of stomata, length and width of epidermal cells, number of stomata and epidermal cells per mm'- and length of styloids) have been used for this purpose. Relationships between populations were analysed by methods of multivariate statistics (Cluster, PCA and MST analyses). The results of Cluster and PCA analyses showed that, owing to leaf anatomical features, five main groups of the populations could be distinguished within the <em>Pallidae</em> series. Four of them belong to the species <em>L. pallida</em>, <em>L. cengialti</em>, <em>L. illyrica</em> and <em>I. pseudopallida</em>. The MST analyses showed that the fifth group contained mixed populations of <em>I. illyrica</em> and <em>I. pseudopallida</em>. The results point at the lack of taxonomic usefulness of the leaf anatomical features analysed and indicate that they caused successive geographical differentiation of the populations of the <em>Pallidae</em> series.

scholarly journals ENGLINGHTNING THE HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF BAHAQ-E-ABYAZIN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiya Riyaz Ahmed ◽  
Ahmad Mahfoozur Rahman ◽  
Asif Ansari ◽  
A.H. Farooqui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Holistic Concept ◽  
Medicine Review ◽  
First Descriptions

The study of skin, the science of dermatology, has undergone significant transformations throughout the centuries. From the first descriptions of skin diseases in Egyptian papyri and in Hippocratic writings to the first treatises on dermatology, important individuals and discoveries have marked the specialty. A comprehensive description of Amrazejild (skin diseases) is available in classical Unani literature. Ancient Greco-Arabic scholars have described Bahaq-e-Abyaz (pityriasis) in detail along with etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications, and management in their treatises. Ancient Unani scholars have been treating Bahaq-e-Abyaz successfully since antiquity. They have mentioned and practiced a compendium of single as well as compound herbo-mineral formulations for the treatment of Bahaq-e-Abyaz. It is important to provide a historical synthesis for the medical community to recognize and understand the holistic concept of Bahaq-e-Abyaz along with the treatment as mentioned in classics of Unani medicine.

Pluteus anatolicus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): a new species of Pluteus sect. Celluloderma from Turkey based on both morphological and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
OGUZHAN KAYGUSUZ ◽  
HENNING KNUDSEN ◽  
NELSON MENOLLI JR. ◽  
IBRAHIM TÜRKEKUL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Pileus Surface ◽  
A New Species

A new species belonging to Pluteus sect. Celluloderma with specimens collected in Artvin Province, Black Sea region, northeastern Turkey, is described as Pluteus anatolicus sp. nov. based on morphological characteristics and molecular data (nrITS). The new species was found in Fagus orientalis forests and is mainly characterized by a terrestrial habit, small-sized basidiomata, cracking pileus surface depressed at the center, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, narrowly utriform to narrowly fusiform or fusiform pleurocystidia with obtuse or subcapitate apex and sometimes with elongated pedicel, narrowly clavate to clavate cheilocystidia, absence of caulocystidia and pileipellis elements predominantly with a broadly mucronate apex and long pedicel. A comprehensive description and illustrations are provided, with its phylogenetic placement based on ITS also evaluated and including comparison to morphologically similar taxa and phylogenetically related species.

Seed flora of La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada: a DELTA database of morphological and ecological characters

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E R Chang ◽  
T A Dickinson ◽  
R L Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Seed Width

An identification database for seeds in coastal habitats at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada, was developed using the DELTA (DEscriptive Language for Taxonomy) format and the program INTKEY. The database should be applicable throughout the coastal lowlands of the Hudson Bay and James Bay regions as similar plant assemblages are present. The database, based upon morphological characteristics and also incorporating ecological information, was used to identify seed specimens found in soil cores and seed traps. The most useful characters for identifying seeds were seed length, seed width, and seed shape. The database is available on the World Wide Web at http://prod.library.utoronto.ca/polyclave/. The seed flora is also documented in the form of a checklist, the first one published for the La Pérouse Bay region; this checklist is also applicable to other coastal areas in the Hudson Bay lowlands.Key words: Arctic, DELTA, floristics, identification, seed morphology.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

Aberrant Type C Virus Production in a Cell Line Derived from Balb/3T3

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
N. Savage ◽  
A. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Moloney Leukemia Virus ◽  
A Cell

A cell line, UC1-B, which was derived from Balb/3T3 cells, maintains the same morphological characteristics of the non-transformed parental culture, and shows no evidence of spontaneous virus production. Survey by electron microscopy shows that the cell line consists of spindle-shaped cells with no unusual features and no endogenous virus particles.UC1-B cells respond to Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) infection by a change in morphology and growth pattern which is typical of cells transformed by sarcoma virus. Electron microscopy shows that the cells are now variable in shape (rounded, rhomboid, and spindle), and each cell type has some microvilli. Virtually all (90%) of the cells show virus particles developing at the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Maturing viruses, typical of the oncogenic viruses, are found along with atypical tubular forms in the same cell.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

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