scholarly journals Cлaвянизмы в литoвcкиx диaлeктныx cлoвapяx

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Вилия [Vilija] Сакалаускене [Sakalauskienė]
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Written Sources

Slavisms in Lithuanian Dialect DictionariesThis arcticle discusses dialect dictionaries where words are recorded either from living language or from other, written sources of dialect. Up to now, ten Lithuanian dialect dictioniaries have been published and five are being compiled. Dialect changes along with our everyday life. A lot of words from the old dialect are being forgotten. Those words are no longer being used in the common language as well as in other dialects. In addition, some words gain new meanings. The same processes apply to loanwords which are used in dialects and are included in dialect dictionaries. The lexical system of a dialect dictionary shows the functioning of loanwords and their relationship with the words of the common language.The majority of Lithuanian loanwords are Slavisms, used in those dialects which have had a direct contact with Slavic languages, such as Polish, Belarusian or Russian. Slavisms and loanwords from other languages are marked variously in different dictionaries. In one of them, shortened language names are written in parentheses after the entry, which indicates that it is a word of foreign origin. Other dictionaries simply indicate Slavisms or additionally present the foreign equivalent from which they originate.A number of Slavisms from the dictionaries is analysed in the article. This examplary group are occupation names: kamarnykas (“debt collector”), cf. Polish komornik (DrskŽ 134, DvŽ I 239, KltŽ 97, KpŽ II 161, KrtnŽ 142, ZanŽ I 604); kupčius (“merchant”), cf. Polish kupiec, Belarusian кyпeц (DrskŽ 176, DvŽ I 323, KltŽ 130, KpŽ II 525, KrtnŽ 196, KzRŽ I 407, ZanŽ I 808, ZtŽ 332); strielčius (“shooter, hunts­man”), cf. Polish strzelec, Belarusian cтpэлeц (DrskŽ 352, DvŽ II 299, KpŽ III 876, KrtnŽ 394, ZanŽ III 196); rimorius (“leatherworker”), cf. Polish rymarz (DrskŽ 305, KpŽ III 499, KzRŽ II 176, ZanŽ II 557).Dialects are affected by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The intensity of word loaning depends on the outer circumstances of language or dialect. Loanwords only fill gaps in some fields. The research of Slavisms provides abundant material for the study of their origins as well as how and why they spread, and of the history of Lithuanian dialects in general. Slawizmy w litewskich słownikach gwarowychPrzedmiotem analizy są litewskie słowniki gwarowe, rejestrujące słownictwo z żywej mowy lub z zapisów w źródłach dialektologicznych. Język litewski doczekał się dotychczas dziesięciu takich słowników, kolejnych pięć jest w opracowaniu.Zmiany w zasobie słownictwa dialektalnego są pochodną przemian zachodzących w życiu codziennym użytkowników gwar. Wiele starych nazw wycofuje się zarówno z języka literackiego, jak i z dialektów. Niektóre wyrazy zachowują żywotność, ale zmieniają znaczenia. Wskazanym procesom ulegają także zapożyczenia w leksyce gwarowej. Opis leksykograficzny zastosowany w badanych słownikach pozwala śledzić zakres dystrybucji słownictwa zapożyczonego w gwarach w relacji do jednostek języka literackiego.Najliczniejszą grupę zapożyczeń leksykalnych stanowią slawizmy używane w tych gwarach litewskich, które zetknęły się bezpośrednio z którymś z języków słowiańskich – polskim, białoruskim czy rosyjskim. W badanych słownikach zastosowano różne metody kwalifikowania slawizmów. Jedno ze źródeł podaje w nawiasie skrót nazwy języka, z którego przejęta została dana jednostka, inne słowniki sygnalizują tylko ogólnie, że słowo jest pochodzenia słowiańskiego, czasami przywoływane są także wyrazy, które stanowią podstawę zapożyczeń.W artykule poddano analizie wybrane slawizmy wyekscerpowane z dziesięciu słowników gwarowych. Jedną z opisywanych grup znaczeniowych stanowią określania wykonawców zawodów: kamarnykas, por. polskie komornik (DrskŽ 134, DvŽ I 239, KltŽ 97, KpŽ II 161, KrtnŽ 142, ZanŽ I 604); kupčius, por. polskie kupiec, białoruskie кyпeц (DrskŽ 176, DvŽ I 323, KltŽ 130, KpŽ II 525, KrtnŽ 196, KzRŽ I 407, ZanŽ I 808, ZtŽ 332); strielčius, por. polskie strzelec, białoruskie cтpэлeц (DrskŽ 352, DvŽ II 299, KpŽ III 876, KrtnŽ 394, ZanŽ III 196); rimorius, por. polskie rymarz (DrskŽ 305, KpŽ III 499, KzRŽ II 176, ZanŽ II 557).Zasób leksyki dialektalnej kształtowały różne czynniki językowe i pozajęzykowe. Intensywność zapożyczeń leksykalnych zależy od uwarunkowań zewnętrznych względem języka czy dialektu, a luki, które mogą wypełnić zapożyczenia, występują tylko w niektórych obszarach tematycznych słownictwa gwarowego. Analiza slawizmów ukierunkowana na ustalanie genezy i powodów zapożyczania obcych nazw oraz dynamiki ich rozprzestrzeniania się na gruncie litewskim wpisuje się w szerszą problematykę studiów nad historią dialektów litewskich.

Падежный синкретизм в истории славянских парадигм

SlavVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ГАБОР Л. БАЛАЖ
Keyword(s):  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Review Ofthe

Case syncretism in the history of Slavic paradigms. The article is devotedto the problem of case syncretism. Specific definitions of this concept and theclassification of its types from different periods of linguistic research are given.Further on, the issues of case syncretism are discussed, with special attentionpaid to its manifestation and regularities in the Slavic languages. The mostcommon cases of syncretism in modern literary languages are presented andcompared to the situation of the Common Slavic period. The problems ofcertain historical aspects of the formal concurrency of case endings and theirpossible causes are touched upon. The article concludes with a brief review ofthe theoretical explanations of syncretism and stresses the applicability ofnatural morphology to solve the questions posed.

A History of the Chinese Bible

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
Daniel Kam-to Choi
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The Bible in China, including the different versions of the Chinese Bible that circulate in China and in the Chinese diaspora, is the result of a long historical preparation. The Christian presence in China has a long but broken history; so does the history of Bible translation in China. This essay is a review of Chinese Bible translation history from the seventh century and focuses on the Chinese Bible after the early nineteenth century until the present. It presents a historical review of the Bible editions translated by Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox translators who worked on translating the whole or parts of the Bible into the common language and dialects of Chinese language.

Towards a Less Orthodox History of Hausaland

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Ecological Process ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Single Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Invention ◽  
North Western ◽  
Written Sources

The historiography of Hausaland has laboured under a strong tradition of orthodoxy which recent secondary works have inherited from the more-or-less primary oral-cum-written sources. General cultural evidence (linguistic, ethnographic and archaeological) has been regarded as subsidiary, so that its potential for reconceptualization and for critical reevaluation of the conventional sources and orthodox interpretations has been missed. Instead, antiquarian approaches have been encouraged. Thus the view has persisted that Hausa as a cultural and linguistic entity has an antiquity running to several millennia, and also that it originated in the Sahara or around Aïr, whence it was pushed southward by desiccation or by Tuareg nomads. Contrarily, the clear message of linguistic geography and of Hausa's place within the Chadic family is that Hausa. expanded from east to west across the savanna belt of northern Nigeria. And the relative homogeneity of the language and culture within this vast zone indicates that the spread is quite recent (within the present millennium, say). It would have involved some assimilation, of previously settled peoples of the northern Nigerian plains, most of whom wouldl have spoken languages of the ‘Plateau’ division of Greenberg's Benue–Congo subfamily, of Niger-Congo.This Hausaization, as it proceeded from its old bases in eastern Hausaland, would have been both a cultural and an ecological process, through which woodland would have been converted into more open and continuous savanna to support grain-cultivation and a denser peasant population. This process would have reached western Hausaland (Zamfara and Kebbi) around the middle of this millennium. Cattle – and Fulani herdsmen – would in time have played an important role in this cultural ecology (and in restricting the tsetse zones).The old theory of a northern origin for the Hausa is bound up with the problem of Gobir in north-western Hausaland. Gobir's claim to be one of the original seven kingdoms (Hausa bakwai) is probably a late invention. Moreover, the common assumption that Gobirawa Hausa migrated from Aïr seems to derive from a misinterpretation of the written sources.Finally the bakwai legends are reconsidered. Despite the scepticism of some modern critics, the legends appear to reflect, albeit in idealized form, a real historical development. They represent a foundation charter for the Hausa as a multi-state ethnicity, and enshrine the vague memory of how Hausaland and ‘Hausaness’ began from a series of small centres and hill-bases on its eastern side. Thus the interesting argument of Abdullahi Smith, that the Hausa people emerged long before state systems arose among them, is disputed. Rather, these should be seen as two facets of a single process during the present millennium.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Imaji Bali Dari Instagram Sebagai Metode Berkarya Seni Rupa Bertemakan Identitas

Panggung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Himawan ◽  
Setiawan Sabana
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Visual Methodology

AbstrakPraktek penciptaan karya seni rupa pada dasarnya memiliki regularitas yang didasari oleh common sense (nalar wajar), dalam proses permulaan, produksi hingga apresiasinya. Dalam sejarah Seni Rupa Indonesia, persoalan itu hadir oleh karena suatu prinsip yang disebutnya sebagai prinsip modernism. Modernisasi yang terjadi di Bali melalui pengaruh orang-orang barat dan utamanya perkembangan pariwisata telah menstrukturkan Bali pada identifikasi tentang tempat yang khas dengan budaya kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakatnya, panorama alam serta suasana mistis-eksotis yang selalu menginspirasi.Penelitian ini melihat pemanfaatan identifikasi tentang Bali, melalui imaji-imaji yang terdapat dalam media sosial Instagram,pada praktek penciptaan karya seni rupa dengan menggunakan nalar wajar yang ditawarkan oleh metodologi visual.Pemanfaatan imaji-imaji tentang Bali yang terdapat pada Instagram telah menggeser situs produksi yang akan menimbulkan makna-makna baru, namun tidak menghilangkan makna-makna dan konteks yang sebelumnya melekat padanya.Kata kunci: bali, identitas, imaji, praktek penciptaan, metodologi visualAbstractThe led-practice of art basically have a regularity that is based on the common sense, on the beginning of the process, the production and its appreciation. In the history of Indonesian Arts, this issue is present because of the principle of modernism. Modernization is happening in Bali through the influence of the western and main tourism development that structured Bali on the identification on the images of distinctive culture with unique daily life, natural scenery and mystical-exotic atmosphere that always inspire.This research looked at the use of the identification of Bali, through the images contained in Instagram, the led-practice sensed by visual methodology. The Application of images of Bali contained in Instagram has shifted production sites which will give inflict to new meanings, but it does not eliminate the meanings and contexts that were previously attached to it.Keywords: bali, identity, images, led-practice, visual methodology 

Language, Poetry and Scotland: A Theory of Bi, Tri, Mono, Multi and Trans-language Literature

Tekstualia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (46) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Alan Riach
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Common Language ◽  
New Work ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Scottish Literature ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
George Campbell ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Language Literature

Scottish literature is not characterized by having been written in a single, evolving language such as is familiar in a lineage of English literature, English being the common language, notwithstanding the writer’s nationality. Rather, Scottish literature is informed by the understanding that literary expression arises in more than one language and, in Scotland, is created by writers most often working in at least two languages, with new work being published in Gaelic, Scots and English. This essay concerns the issue of multilingualism in Scottish literature, particularly poetry, offering a reading of Scotland’s work which sees this as a distinctive cultural characteristic, as well as a rehearsing of Scotland’s history of multilingual literature. It focuses on a small number of modern Scottish poets, such as George Campbell and Hay Aonghas MacNeacail, whose bilingual (sometimes trilingual) work shows this, challenging assumptions of unitary defi nition.

scholarly journals Althochdeutsche Dialekte – Neuhochdeutsche Dialekte. Terminologische Probleme bei Beschreibungen älterer Sprachzustände.

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Norbert Morciniec
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Old High German ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Nationality ◽  
The Common

In the history of the German language of the period between 750–1050, the term “Old High German dialects” is used to characterize the Franconian, Bavarian and Alemannic languages, in which the records from this period are written. The author of the article analyses the meaning of the term in question and explains why the languages of those records have been called “dialects” (despite the fact that the common language, whose dialects they might have been, did not exist at that time yet), and on what grounds they have been called “German” dialects (though the German nationality did not exist at that time either).

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF TERMINOLOGY FORMATION IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS (BASED ON THE POLISH LANGUAGE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Vitaliia Tozhyieva
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In connection with the deepening globalization processes and the interaction of scientists from different countries, the linguistic terminology systems of modern Slavic languages in the second half of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century have been enlarged with new special units, which causes quantitative and qualitative changes in their composition, interest in the problems of the origin, formation and dynamics of this terminology system. The purpose of the study is to establish the regularity of the terminological nomination of linguistic concepts in the Middle and Modern Polish periods (XVI century – 1939). Taking into account the internal and external linguistic factors that influenced the formation and functioning of linguistics terminology in the Polish language, the basic methods of term formation (semantic, morphological, syntactic) are analyzed, confirming, on the one hand, the connection with the common language, and on the other hand, the uniqueness and specificity of the subject linguistic terminology corpus. The consolidation of a special nomination in Polish linguistic terminology at different chronological sections took place in stages. The transition of special words from one category to another (preterms → quasi-terms → terms) displays a system of complex changes in the branched term system of the subject area of linguistics.

Involuntary Admissions and Guardianships: Differences and Commonalities in Germany and Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Stoppe
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Germany and Switzerland are neighbour countries and have a long history of exchanging cultural and scientific issues especially - because of the common language - with the German speaking part of Switzerland (about 66% of the population). Both are federal states and laws for psychiatric patients are mainly task of the member cantons / states. However, large differences regarding the “liberal” history between both countries may be the reason for differing attitudes and regulations to involuntary admissions and guardianships. Examples will be given, especially concerning demented patients.

Toward a Speech Sciences Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Donald Finan ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Mandated Curriculum ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Speech Science

The history of speech-language pathology as a profession encompasses a tradition of knowledge generation. In recent years, the quantity of speech science research and the presence of speech scientists within the domain of the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) has diminished, even as ASHA membership and the size of the ASHA Convention have grown dramatically. The professional discipline of speech science has become increasingly fragmented, yet speech science coursework is an integral part of the mandated curriculum. Establishing an active, vibrant community structure will serve to aid researchers, educators, and clinicians as they work in the common area of speech science.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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