Material Composition and Transformation Law of Three Kinds of Livestock and Poultry Manures During the Composting Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Chuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Xingyun Qi ◽  
Peng Xiang ◽  
Yongchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Reduction Index

This study aimed to investigate the material composition and transformation during composting of different kinds of livestock and poultry manures. Fresh cow manure (R1), pig manure (R2), and chicken manure (R3) were used as raw materials, and 10% corn stalk was selected as the leavening agent for aerobic static composting. The following results were obtained. After 30 days of aerobic composting, the mass reduction index of the R1, R2, and R3 piles was 48.94%, 47.94%, and 52.94%, respectively. Especially in the first stage (0–10 days) of the composting reaction, the mass reduction indices of the R1, R2, and R3 piles were significant, which were 21.45%, 22.73%, and 23.73%, respectively. During the composting process, the percentage of dissolved organic carbon in TC showed a downward trend, decreasing to 51.33% ± 1.25%, 57.35% ± 3.21%, and 52.34% ± 2.15%, for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The percentage of ammonia nitrogen (AN) in total nitrogen (TN) in the piles R1, R2, and R3 first showed an increasing trend and then decreased, showing the highest values of 7.38%, 8.11%, and 9.22%, respectively.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengolahan Limbah Kotoran Babi Menggunakan Komposter Rumah Tangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Widya Sari ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I.G.B Sila Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Macro Nutrients

ABSTRACT        The production of pig manure waste potentially pollutes the soil, water and air. One of the most effective processing a waste treatments is through composting. The composting process takes a long time if not assisted by the activator as decomposers of organic materials in order to accelerate the composting process. Activators such as local microorganism (MOL) contain macro nutrients, micro and active microorganism that potentially decomposed organic materials, growth stimulants and pest/disease control agents such as to help speed up the composting process. This study aims to determine the C/N ratio of optimal raw materials for composting of pig manure and vegetable waste, determining the effect of adding local microorganism (MOL) to the length of time of composting and determining the effectiveness of business from composting of pig manure and vegetable waste based on the calculation of B/C ratio.        This research uses quantitative approach with experiment method. The first stage is the preparation of the raw material which is divided into three groups : composition 1 with 75% (pig manure) and 25% (vegetable waste), composition 2 with 50% (pig manure) and 50% (vegetable waste) and then composition 3 with 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste). Furthermore, the best raw material composition was treated with variations of MOL addition of A (100 ml), B (300 ml), C (500 ml) and D (without MOL).        The results showed that the composition of the best raw material mixture was a mixture composition of 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste) with a C/N ratio of 38.95. The effect of MOL addition indicates that the greater MOL volume the faster to composting process. The quality compost with addition of MOL has C/N ratio levels is (16,30), N-total (1,65%), P tersedia (8043,02 ppm), K tersedia (8857,40 ppm), Fe (1,87%), Mn (0,09%) Zn (480 ppm) in which that value meets the SNI 19-7030-2004. Based on analysis of B/C ratio obtained result of 1.04 where the value is approaching criteria B/C ratio more than 1.00 which means compost business feasible to be developed.   Keywords : Pig manure, MOL, time of composting, composter, B/C ratio

scholarly journals Study of regime parameters of the fermenter in the production of biogas from animal liquid waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Penka Zlateva ◽  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Krastin Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals Transformation of Biodegradable Organic Municipal Solid Waste to Compost Using Stationary and Rotary Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Abood ◽  
Dhafer F. Ali ◽  
Firas S. Abass ◽  
Jathwa A. Al Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
C And N

This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer. The principle of aerobic composting method is a waste oxidation through holding these mixed raw materials with a ratio of 1:1 garbage and chicken manure in two units of composting, rotary unit and stationary unit with recommended Carbon/Nitrogen ratio C/N of 20:1 and pH of 6.5 with moisture content of about 40% by adding water during composting process and presence of oxygen naturally. The period time of composting process was 69 days to get normal temperature of compost bulk equal to ambient temperature and pH value as natural value using two composting units. The composting results during first 30 days shows the temperature values 59.5 and 55oC for rotary unit and stationary units that refers to microbial action of microorganism and decomposition of organic matter to energy as heat. The pH values were having acidic state during first week that refers to the formation of organic acids. The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values.

scholarly journals Digested residue as a fertilizer after the mesophilic process of anaerobic digestion

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Voća ◽  
T. Krička ◽  
T. Ćosić ◽  
V. Rupić ◽  
Ž. Jukić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms

The aim of this paper is to determine the difference in quality of the digested residue after the process of anaerobic digestion by using different input raw materials. The research was conducted in the Republic of Austria on four facilities for biogas production. The raw materials used for biogas production were chicken manure, pig manure, Sudan grass and organic household waste. The research included chemical analysis and bacteriological tests of the samples taken. It was found that the digested residue in all of the samples, all of which are mildly alkaline, contains a low level of dry matter, 70% of which is organic matter. Biogenic elements were present in moderate concentration; the values of heavy metals were within approved limits. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the digested residues of all input materials can be used in agricultural production, especially so in plant production and grassland cultivation. Mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms were found in the digested residue samples, but there were no cryophilic microorganisms and no pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Pelepah Sawit dan Kotoran Ayam Ras untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Bokashi pada Kelompok Wanita Tani Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Nurlianti Nurlianti ◽  
Prihanani Prihanani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Lecture Demonstration ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Chicken Waste ◽  
Palm Fronds

The Utilization of Oil Palm Midrib-leaf and Chicken Manure for Making Bokashi Fertilizer in the Women's Farmers Group Padang Baru Babatan, Seluma, Bengkulu The purpose of the community service program is to utilize agricultural waste, namely oil palm midrib-leaf and chicken manure which are often found in this Babatan Village, Sukaraja Subdistrict, Seluma Regency, Bengkulu. In addition, this program was aimed to increase knowledge and skill to produce bokashi fertilizer with raw materials found around them. The methods used were lecture, demonstration plots, and mentoring. The results of the activity were the increasing of family income by making bokashi utilizing waste raw materials around their lives, namely bokashi made from palm fronds and broiler chicken waste that is ready to be sold. In limited quantities, they have been able to sell their products to meet the needs of other farmer groups or the general public in need.

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficiencies of the Removal of Cadmium from Industrial Wastewater Using Zeolites

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Michael Akrofi Anang ◽  
Ruphino Zugle ◽  
Baah Sefa- Ntiri
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
Bending Vibration ◽  
Strong Peak ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Stretching Vibration

The presence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater needed to be removed in other to control pollution which has been caused as a result of human and industrial activities. Several adsorbents have been used for the remediation process but with this particular research work, Zeolites were used. They were synthesized hydrothermally from various locally available raw materials namely rice husk, corn stalk, corn husk, and kaolin. They were characterized using their FTIR to determine the functional groups on the material synthesized and also their adsorptive activities were compared with industrially synthesized Zeolite X. A very strong peak at 1052 cm-1 is as a result of the asymmetric vibrations of the internal T-O tetrahedron with a weak symmetric T-O stretching vibration recorded at 797 cm-1. Another strong peak was observed at 445 cm-1 as a result of the O-T-O bending vibration which confirms the presence of a five-membered structure. The adsorptive properties of the synthesized Zeolites were evaluated by using them to remove Cadmium ions from solution and their percentage removals were determined. Similarly, their adsorption kinetics were also determined and was observed the R2 values to be 0.9093 and 0.9454 for Corn husk and Cornstalk for the first order and the second order with R2 values of 1 for rice husk, kaolin and corn stalk.

Improved Biogas Production from Corn Stalks, Pig Manure and Eggshell

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
U. A. Adekola ◽  
I. Eiroboyi ◽  
Y. Yerima ◽  
T. E. B. Akinmoji ◽  
L. O. Uti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Substrate

The need for an environmentally friendly energy source in the world has led to major diversification in renewable energy. Biogas provides a renewable energy source that will replace fossil fuel inevitably. The experiment was carried out using a self-designed laboratory-scale anaerobic biogas digester. The study was carried out at room temperature from 25 - 31°C for 20 days using corn stalk as the main substrate while Pig manure and eggshell were used as co-substrates. The findings showed that the biogas produced from the sample containing a blend of corn stalk, Pig manure, and eggshell resulted in higher biogas volume than the sample containing corn stalk and eggshell, corn stalk, and pig manure as well as the sample containing only corn stalk. This implies that the use of the corn stalk blend is a source of renewable energy. Thus, ensuring the sustainability of biogas production in the future.

scholarly journals Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure Under Gradually Elevated Organic Loading Rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Mengfu Pei ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Yiqing Yao ◽  
Congguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates

Poultry manure is the main source of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution, and its effective disposal through anaerobic digestion (AD) is of great significance; meanwhile, the high nitrogen content of chicken manure makes it a typical feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The performance of chicken-manure-based AD at gradient organic loading rates (OLRs) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was investigated herein. The whole AD process was divided into five stages according to different OLRs, and it lasted for 150 days. The results showed that the biogas yield increased with increasing OLR, which was based on the volatile solids (VS), before reaching up to 11.5 g VS/(L·d), while the methane content was kept relatively stable and maintained at approximately 60%. However, when the VS was further increased to 11.5 g VS/(L·d), the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), pH, and alkalinity (CaCO3) rose to 2560 mg·L−1, 8.2, and 15,000 mg·L−1, respectively, while the volumetric biogas production rate (VBPR), methane content, and VS removal efficiency decreased to 0.30 L·(L·d)−1, 45%, and 40%, respectively. Therefore, the AD performance immediately deteriorated and ammonia inhibition occurred. Further analysis demonstrated that the microbial biomass yield and concentrations dropped dramatically in this period. These results indicated that the AD stayed steady when the OLR was lower than 11.5 g VS/(L·d); this also provides valuable information for improving the efficiency and stability of AD of a nitrogen-rich substrate.

scholarly journals Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a microbial fuel cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
You-xian Gao ◽  
Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymers ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Self Aggregation

Aerobic granular sludge(AGS) is a special biofilm formed by the self-aggregation of sludge material. In this study, AGS was cultivated in the biocathode of a continuous flow microbial fuel cell (MFC). During the formation of AGS, changes in sludge concentration, extracellular polymers (EPS), pollutants removal and power generation were examined. The results showed that, MLVSS kept above 5 g/L, the PS, PN and PN/PS of TB-EPS showed a gradually increasing trend, the removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen was 94.46% and 93.03%, respectively. A maximum voltage output of 350 mV was achieved.

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