scholarly journals Transformation of Biodegradable Organic Municipal Solid Waste to Compost Using Stationary and Rotary Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Abood ◽  
Dhafer F. Ali ◽  
Firas S. Abass ◽  
Jathwa A. Al Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
C And N

This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer. The principle of aerobic composting method is a waste oxidation through holding these mixed raw materials with a ratio of 1:1 garbage and chicken manure in two units of composting, rotary unit and stationary unit with recommended Carbon/Nitrogen ratio C/N of 20:1 and pH of 6.5 with moisture content of about 40% by adding water during composting process and presence of oxygen naturally. The period time of composting process was 69 days to get normal temperature of compost bulk equal to ambient temperature and pH value as natural value using two composting units. The composting results during first 30 days shows the temperature values 59.5 and 55oC for rotary unit and stationary units that refers to microbial action of microorganism and decomposition of organic matter to energy as heat. The pH values were having acidic state during first week that refers to the formation of organic acids. The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values.

scholarly journals Effect of pH During Composting of Municipal Solid Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Shahid Raza ◽  
Neelma Munir ◽  
Shagufta Naz ◽  
Jalil Ahmed ◽  
Ayesha Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aerobic Composting ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Composting Process

This study was designed to monitor the pH during process of composting by using organic wastesegregated from municipal solid waste. pH was measured by preparing sample in laboratory by mixingcompost with distilled water (1:10). and monitored in laboratory for the authentic results. The main objectiveof this study was to monitor the effect of pH during aerobic composting process that do not release harmfulgases. It concluded that the pH value end up with alkalinity in degradation process but initially it wasacidic.

scholarly journals Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
S A C R Darmawan ◽  
A L Sihombing ◽  
D G Cendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Value Range ◽  
The Government

Abstract The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.

Evaluation of state and evolution of marine fish waste composting by enzyme activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoshrooz Kazemi ◽  
Baiyu Zhang ◽  
Leonard M. Lye ◽  
Zhiwen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Mature Fish

The feasibility of using enzyme activities for indicating the state of marine fish waste composting was examined in this study and the evolution of the composting process for a 60 day period was evaluated. Results indicated that stable and mature fish waste compost has been generated. During the composting process, oxidoreductase enzyme (dehydrogenase) and hydrolase enzyme (β-glucosidase and phosphatase) activities decreased with time since available organic compounds decreased. A good correlation among enzyme activities and different physiochemical parameters including oxygen uptake rate, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and germination index led to the conclusion that both hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzyme activities could be feasible indicators of the state and evolution of the composting process.

Material Composition and Transformation Law of Three Kinds of Livestock and Poultry Manures During the Composting Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Chuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Xingyun Qi ◽  
Peng Xiang ◽  
Yongchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Reduction Index

This study aimed to investigate the material composition and transformation during composting of different kinds of livestock and poultry manures. Fresh cow manure (R1), pig manure (R2), and chicken manure (R3) were used as raw materials, and 10% corn stalk was selected as the leavening agent for aerobic static composting. The following results were obtained. After 30 days of aerobic composting, the mass reduction index of the R1, R2, and R3 piles was 48.94%, 47.94%, and 52.94%, respectively. Especially in the first stage (0–10 days) of the composting reaction, the mass reduction indices of the R1, R2, and R3 piles were significant, which were 21.45%, 22.73%, and 23.73%, respectively. During the composting process, the percentage of dissolved organic carbon in TC showed a downward trend, decreasing to 51.33% ± 1.25%, 57.35% ± 3.21%, and 52.34% ± 2.15%, for R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The percentage of ammonia nitrogen (AN) in total nitrogen (TN) in the piles R1, R2, and R3 first showed an increasing trend and then decreased, showing the highest values of 7.38%, 8.11%, and 9.22%, respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in the Material Characteristics of Maize Straw during the Pretreatment Process of Methanation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Feng ◽  
Xiaoling Zhao ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Gaihe Yang ◽  
Jianchao Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Pretreatment Technology

Pretreatment technology is important to the direct methanation of straw. This study used fresh water, four bacterium agents (stem rot agent, “result” microbe decomposition agent, straw pretreatment composite bacterium agent, and complex microorganism agent), biogas slurry, and two chemical reagents (sodium hydroxide and urea) as pretreatment promoters. Different treatments were performed, and the changes in the straw pH value, temperature, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) under different pretreatment conditions were analyzed. The results showed that chemical promoters were more efficient than biological promoters in straw maturity. Pretreatment using sodium hydroxide induced the highest degree of straw maturity. However, its C/N ratio had to be reduced during fermentation. In contrast, the C/N ratio of the urea-pretreated straw was low and was easy to regulate when used as anaerobic digestion material. The biogas slurry pretreatment was followed by pretreatments using four different bacterium agents, among which the effect of the complex microorganism agent (BA4) was more efficient than the others. The current study is significant to the direct and efficient methanation of straw.

Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR (MSWI) ASH IN CIVIL ENGINEERING USING A SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Setareh Seraj ◽  
Morteza Nikravan ◽  
Ali A. Ramezanianpour ◽  
Parham Zendehdel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator

Incineration is regarded as one of the common methods for energy recovery as well as waste reduction, due to the high amount of waste generation in major cities; for instance Tehran (7000-8000 ton/day), and lack of sufficient landfill. The proper treatment and recycling of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) residual ashes is one of the challenges which decision makers are faced with. In order to investigate the feasibility of the recycling of ashes, the sustainability index is considered. This evaluation is carried out by means of the multi-criteria decision-making approach for assessing sustainability (MIVES) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a conventional decision-making tool. Six possible scenarios in Iran was determined, BA/FA landfilled with solid waste system (current scenario), Partial substitute of raw materials for cement/concrete, Ceramics and glass/glass-ceramics production, Geotechnical applications, use of BA/FA as alternative adsorbent and Fertilizers in agricultural soils. The assessment was accomplished through 25 questionnaires distributed among experts which includes environmentalists, governmental decision makers, academics, and technical groups. The questionnaires comprised of 33 pairwise comparison matrices, and the experts were asked to systematically compare elements of the constructed hierarchy in numerical terms. According to the results, reusing MSWI ash as a partial substitute for raw materials in cement/concrete scored highest in ranking among other potential MSWM scenarios (with a relative weight of 0.234). The results also reveal that the utilization of BA/FA as alternative adsorbents and as fertilizers in agricultural soils are not to be currently pursued in Iran (with relative weights of 0.117 and 0.129 respectively).

scholarly journals Production of fired clay brick from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Voišnienė ◽  
Olga Kizinievič ◽  
Viktor Kizinievič ◽  
Jurgita Malaiškienė
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Solid Waste Incinerator

This paper is a report on the results of a feasibility study on the immobilization of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash by producing a fired clay brick. The main purpose of this work was to test the clay used in the manufacture of a fired clay brick that could incorporate municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. The raw materials, municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and clay, were mixed together in different proportions (100:0, 97.5:2.5, 95:5 and 92.5:7.5). Clay brick samples were heated to 1000 °C temperatures for 1 h. The fired clay brick specimens were characterised with respect to compressive strength, porosity, linear shrinkage (after drying, after firing) and density. Leaching tests, in accord with the European Union regulation, was done on fired clay brick made with different additions of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash.

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