Determination and Evaluation of Flavonoids in Hawthorn in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Hou ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Meili Zhi ◽  
Xinlei Gou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Catechin Hydrate ◽  
Crataegus Pinnatifida ◽  
Hawthorn Fruit

Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) is a common agricultural product with applications in medicine and food in China. In particular, the flavonoids in hawthorn have important medicinal effects. To quantify the flavonoid contents in hawthorn fruit of different regions in China and scientifically guide the reasonable consumption of hawthorn, 12 flavonoids in hawthorn samples from Shandong (SD), Henan (HN), Shaanxi (SAX), Shanxi (SX), and Jiangsu (JS) were detected by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total flavonoid content in the Henan sample from hawthorn was the highest, at 177.94 μg · g−1, and the Jiangsu sample was the lowest at 124.67 μg · g−1. Epicatechin was the flavonoid with the highest concentration in samples from all regions, and the average content in Shandong samples reached 73.44 μg · g−1. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were also performed to evaluate the effect of different growing regions in China on the contents of flavonoids in hawthorn. We found the Jiangsu samples had obvious regional characteristics, and the compositions of (±)-catechin hydrate, epicatechin and phlorizin dihydrate could be used to distinguish hawthorn grown in Jiangsu from the other four producing areas. The results will provide the reference basis for Chinese hawthorn consumers.

Investigation of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of selected Eucalyptus species using conventional extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Jyoti Bhuyan ◽  
Quan V. Vuong ◽  
Anita C. Chalmers ◽  
Ian A. van Altena ◽  
Michael C. Bowyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Conventional Extraction

AbstractEucalyptus species have found their place in traditional medicine and pharmacological research and they have also been shown to possess a large number of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. The present study sought to implement conventional extraction to yield maximal total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), proanthocyanidins, antioxidants, and saponins from E. robusta using different solvents. The most suitable extraction solvent was further employed for extracting phytochemicals from E. saligna, E. microcorys, and E. globulus to select the Eucalyptus species with the greatest bioactive compound content. The results emphasised the efficiency of water in extracting TPC ((150.60 ± 2.47) mg of gallic acid equivalents per g), TFC ((38.83 ± 0.23) mg of rutin equivalents per g), proanthocyanidins ((5.14 ± 0.77) mg of catechin equivalents per g), and antioxidants ABTS ((525.67 ± 1.99) mg of trolox equivalents (TE) per g), DPPH ((378.61 ± 4.72) mg of TE per g); CUPRAC ((607.43 ± 6.69) mg of TE per g) from E. robusta. Moreover, the aqueous extract of E. robusta had the highest TPC, TFC and antioxidant values among the other Eucalyptus species tested. These findings highlighted the efficiency of conventional extraction in extracting natural bioactive compounds from Eucalyptus species for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Discrimination of the Geographical Origin of the Lateral Roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Using the Fingerprint, Multicomponent Quantification, and Chemometric Methods

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lin Miao ◽  
Qin-Mei Zhou ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Chun-Wang Meng ◽  
Xiao-Ya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Diterpenoid Alkaloids ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaelii

Fuzi is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine developed from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. It is rich in alkaloids that display a wide variety of bioactivities, and it has a strong cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In order to discriminate the geographical origin and evaluate the quality of this medicine, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for multicomponent quantification and chemical fingerprint analysis. The measured results of 32 batches of Fuzi from three different regions were evaluated by chemometric analysis, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The content of six representative alkaloids of Fuzi (benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylaconine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and aconitine) were varied by geographical origin, and the content ratios of the benzoylmesaconine/mesaconitine and diester-type/monoester-type diterpenoid alkaloids may be potential traits for classifying the geographical origin of the medicine. In the HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis, the Fuzi from Jiangyou, Sichuan, was distinguished from the Fuzi from Butuo, Sichuan, and the Fuzi from Yunnan. Based on the HCA and PCA analyses of the content of the six representative alkaloids, all of the batches were classified into two categories, which were closely related to the plants’ geographical origins. The Fuzi samples from Jiangyou were placed into one category, while the Fuzi samples from Butuo and Yunnan were put into another category. The LDA analysis provided an efficient and satisfactory prediction model for differentiating the Fuzi samples from the above-mentioned three geographical origins. Thus, the content of the six representative alkaloids and the fingerprint similarity values were useful markers for differentiating the geographical origin of the Fuzi samples.

scholarly journals Determination and Chemometrics-Assisted Comparative Analysis of Active Components in Different Tissue of Rana chensinensis

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Jianqiu Zhang ◽  
Zhongyao Wang ◽  
Shihan Wang ◽  
Changli Zhang ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Rana Chensinensis ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Tissues

In this study, the chemical composition of different tissues of Rana temporaria chensinensis David derived from the same individual was analyzed by comparative approach. First, pre-column derivatization combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established to determine the content of 1-methyl hydantoin in samples, which used S1–S5 samples. The results indicated that 1-methyl hydantoin was determined in Oviductus Ranae (OR), Rana chensinensis ovum (RCO), Rana chensinensis meat (RCM), and Rana chensinensis skin (RCS), except for Rana chensinensis bone (RCB). Moreover, the content of it in RCS was the highest. In addition, the contents of six polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in different tissues of Rana chensinensis were measured by HPLC, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA) and oleic acid (OA). The results indicated that OR, RCO, RCM, RCS, and RCB all contained the above six PUFAs. With the aid of chemometrics methods, the results of principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) combined with the sequencing results of the total PUFAs content of each sample, showed that different tissues of Rana chensinensis could be divided into four categories, and the RCO sample was divided into one category because of the highest PUFAs content, which was a good source of PUFA. For comparison, OR and other tissue from the perspective of PUFAs, we also established OPLS-DA models of them. It could be found that the RCM was the most similar to the OR in the diversity and content of PUFAs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of RCO, RCM, RCS, and RCB as by-products of OR.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Old Local Grape Cultivars in South of Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Bayan M. Muzher ◽  
Ola T. Al-Halabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
High Diversity

 This investigation was carried out in Sweida governorate of Syria from 2014 to 2015. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the genetic diversity among 17 old local grape cultivars using morphological traits and SSR molecular markers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of morphological traits revealed that four main components were accountable for 50.34 % of variance, with Eigen values of 16.77%, 13.31%, 10.59% and 9.67%, respectively. While distribution of cultivars was found significantly dependent of first and second components, which separated Aswad Sharar and Derbly cultivars rather than other studied cultivars. Hierarchical cluster of morphological traits showed high diversity among studied cultivars. On the other hand, molecular characterization was conducted using eight informative SSR primer pairs, polymorphism was detected by seven SSR's primers. As a result, 18 polymorphic alleles were revealed with a polymorphism percentage of 100%, which reflected the genetic variation among studied cultivars. Genetic similarity was achieved, where 0.875 was the highest between Zeiny and Khedry cultivars, while the other two cultivars Ebeidy and AhmarMokamaa showed the lowest genetic similarity as 0.077. Cluster analysis of SSR markers grouped the studied cultivars into three clusters as per Jaccard coefficient. The first cluster grouped Ebeidy, Aswad Helwany and Derbly cultivars together, the second cluster contained two cultivars Beiady and Alb Atair, while the third cluster contained the remaining cultivars. Consequently, the results showed high diversity among studied cultivars, and some morphological traits were useful for cultivar discrimination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Influence of Sulfur-FumigatedPaeoniae Radix Albaon the Quality of Si Wu Tang by Chromatographic and Chemometric Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Pei ◽  
Hao Cai ◽  
Yu Duan ◽  
Feng-Xian Qiao ◽  
Si-Cong Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprint ◽  
Paeoniae Radix ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

An accurate and reliable method of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint combining with multi-ingredient determination was developed and validated to evaluate the influence of sulfur-fumigatedPaeoniae Radix Albaon the quality and chemical constituents of Si Wu Tang. Multivariate data analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, which integrated with high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and multi-ingredient determination, was employed to evaluate Si Wu Tang in a more objective and scientific way. Interestingly, in this paper, a total of 37 and 36 peaks were marked as common peaks in ten batches of Si Wu Tang containing sun-driedPaeoniae Radix Albaand ten batches of Si Wu Tang containing sulfur-fumigatedPaeoniae Radix Alba, respectively, which indicated the changed fingerprint profile of Si Wu Tang when containing sulfur-fumigated herb. Furthermore, the results of simultaneous determination for multiple ingredients showed that the contents of albiflorin and paeoniflorin decreased significantly (P<0.01) and the contents of gallic acid andZ-ligustilide decreased to some extent at the same time when Si Wu Tang contained sulfur-fumigatedPaeoniae Radix Alba. Therefore, sulfur-fumigation processing may have great influence on the quality of Chinese herbal prescription.

scholarly journals The Essential Oil Compositions of Three Teucrium Taxa Growing Wild in Sicily: HCA and PCA Analyses

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Giorgia Catinella ◽  
Natale Badalamenti ◽  
Vincenzo Ilardi ◽  
Sergio Rosselli ◽  
Laura De Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Principal Component Analyses

The chemical composition and the qualitative and quantitative variability of the essential oils of three taxa belonging to the Teucrium genus were studied. The investigated taxa, that grow wild in Sicily, were Teucrium flavum L. (section Chamaedrys (Mill.) Scheb.), Teucrium montanum and Teucrium capitatum L. of section Polium (Mill.) Scheb. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. In total, 74 compounds were identified. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were found to be the main group for T. flavum (48.3%). T. capitatum consisted essentially of monoterpene hydrocarbons (72.7%), with α-pinene (19.9%), β-pinene (27.6%) and sylvestrene (16.6%) as the most abundant compounds whereas ledene oxide (12.1%), epiglobulol (13.5%) and longifolenaldehyde (14.5%) were identified as the main constituents among the oxygenated sesquiterpenes (63.5%) of T. montanum. Furthermore, a complete literature review on the composition of the essential oils of all the other accessions of these Teucrium taxa, studied so far, was performed. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used in order to demonstrate geographical variations in the composition of the essential oils.

scholarly journals Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Citrus Peels (Citrus reticulata “Dahongpao”) Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Wang ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Hongping Chen ◽  
Shiwei Chen ◽  
Youping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Citrus Peels ◽  
Citrus Varieties

Flavonoids are a kind of essential substance for the human body because of their antioxidant properties and extremely high medicinal value. Citrus reticulata “Dahongpao” (DHP) is a special citrus variety that is rich in flavonoids, however little is known about its systematic flavonoids profile. In the present study, the presence of flavonoids in five important citrus varieties, including DHP, Citrus grandis Tomentosa (HZY), Citrus ichangensis Swingle (YCC), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (TC), and Citrus reticulata ‘Buzhihuo’ (BZH), was determined using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based, widely targeted metabolome. Results showed that a total of 254 flavonoid metabolites (including 147 flavone, 39 flavonol, 21 flavanone, 24 anthocyanins, 8 isoflavone, and 15 polyphenol) were identified. The total flavonoid content of peels from DHP was the highest. DHP could be clearly separated from other samples through clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Further, 169 different flavonoid metabolites were observed between DHP peels and the other four citrus peels, and 26 down-regulated differential metabolites displayed important biological activities in DHP. At the same time, a unique flavonoid component, tricin 4′-O-syringyl alcohol, was only found in DHP, which could be used as a marker to distinguish between other varieties. This work might facilitate a better understanding of flavonoid metabolites between DHP peels and the other four citrus peels and provide a reference for its sufficient utilization in the future.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profiling and Fingerprint Analysis of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Leaves of 66 Cultivars from Xinjiang Province

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Song ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Shijuan Yan ◽  
Wenjie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Foliage of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) as a byproduct of agriculture, is a traditional nutraceutical material in China. Previous studies have shown that it is a rich resource of polyphenols. However, information on its complete phenolic profile and the difference between cultivars is still limited. This study investigated and compared phytochemical profiles of leaves of 66 Chinese jujube cultivars. Forty-two compounds, including 22 flavonols, two flavanols, one flavanone, 13 derivatives of phenolic acids, three simple acids, and one unknown hexoside were identified/tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Eight major flavonols were quantified by HPLC coupled with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. The contents of total flavonoids ranged from 2.6–25.1 mg/g dry weight (DW). Differences between cultivars were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study presents a systematic study on the phenolic compounds in Chinese jujube leaves of different cultivars.

scholarly journals A Multi-Level Strategy Based on Metabolic and Molecular Genetic Approaches for the Characterization of Different Coptis Medicines Using HPLC-UV and RAD-seq Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Zhong ◽  
Chan Shen ◽  
Luming Qi ◽  
Yuntong Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Coptis Herbs

Coptis plants (Ranunculaceae) to have played an important role in the prevention and treatment human diseases in Chinese history. In this study, a multi-level strategy based on metabolic and molecular genetic methods was performed for the characterization of four Coptis herbs (C. chinensis, C. deltoidea, C. omeiensis and C. teeta) using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) techniques. Protoberberine alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine and groenlandicine in rhizomes were identified and determined based on the HPLC-UV method. Among them, berberine was demonstrated as the most abundant compound in these plants. RAD-seq was applied to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data. A total of 44,747,016 reads were generated and 2,443,407 SNPs were identified in regarding to four plants. Additionally, with respect to complicated metabolic and SNP data, multivariable statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were successively applied to interpret the structure characteristics. The metabolic variation and genetic relationship among different Coptis plants were successfully illustrated based on data visualization. Summarily, this comprehensive strategy has been proven as a reliable and effective approach to characterize Coptis plants, which can provide additional information for their quality assessment.

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