Removal of Petroleum Products from Water Surface by Chemically Modified Wood Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5261-5264
Author(s):  
Irina Yakovlevna Sippel ◽  
Gulnaz Albertovna Akhmetgaleeva
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
The Republic

In this work, they studied the possibility of woodwork waste use to remove oil products from the water surface by the sorption method. We used sawdust of ash (Fráxinus excélsior) and linden (Tília cordáta) as sorption materials, formed at the woodworking enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan, as sorbates-fresh and used diesel engine oils, characterized by high boiling points and heavy fractional composition. To increase the sorption capacity of wood waste, they were chemically modified with the solutions of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, perchloric, phosphoric and acetic acids with the concentration of 0.5, 1 and 3%. They determined the values of the maximum oil absorption of the initial and modified samples of sorption materials in relation to fresh and used motor oils. It was established that ash and linden sawdust modified with a 3% solution of nitric acid have the highest sorption properties. Determination of the sorption capacity by iodine and methylene blue showed that modified sawdust, in comparison with the initial samples, has a more highly developed surface, combining different types of pores: both micro- and mesopores. Experiments on modeling engine oil spills on water surface showed that chemically modified sawdust are effective sorbents of oil products, the degree of water purification reaches 99%.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL FIELDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
M. S. Yessenamanova ◽  
Ts. D. Davaeva ◽  
L. Kh. Sangadzhieva ◽  
B. V. Tsombueva ◽  
O. S. Sangadzhieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geochemical Specialization

The article presents the results of chemical analysis soils of drilling sites of the Sostinsky and Mezhozerny oil fields of the Republic of Kalmykia. The content of sodium ions is more than 2 times higher in both deposits. At the same time, the content of chlorides in some areas of the Mezhozerny field reaches its maximum. As a result, the soils are highly saline in terms of the degree of salinity and are mainly chloride-sulfate-sodium in terms of the type of salinity. In oil fields, oil spills lead to the accumulation of organic carbon many times, with the total content of organic matter exceeding up to 5 times. The increase in the content of petroleum products is greatest in water discharge and wellheads. Studies on the content of heavy metals in the soils of oil fields showed that the average content of elements does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration of substances. At the same time, the content of most heavy metals exceeds the background ones, for example, lead, cadmium up to 2 times, strontium up to 8 times, mercury up to 6-12 times. In comparison with the clarke of the lithosphere (according to Vinogradov), an ecological-geochemical specialization in cadmium is noted. In the soils of the Sostinsky deposit, in the series of distribution of heavy metals, the maximum value is typical for cadmium, and in the Mezhozernoye deposit for mercury. At the Sostinskoye deposit, higher than the background is characteristic of such elements as: lead, vanadium, copper, strontium, and at the Mezhozernoye deposit, the excess of the background is achieved for such elements as: cadmium, zinc, lead, vanadium, copper, chromium, strontium.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil on the territory of oilproducing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Tafeeva ◽  
A. V. Ivanov ◽  
A. A. Titova ◽  
I. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The paper presents data on the hygienic assessment of the content of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil on the territory of oil-producing areas of the Republic of Tatarstan. The average total content of lead (10,1 mg/kg), cadmium (0.073 mg/kg), manganese (792.4 mg/kg), cobalt (14.2 mg/kg), chromium (87.6 mg/kg), nickel (65.2 mg/ kg), arsenic (8.0 mg/kg), copper (36.6 mg/kg) and zinc (521 mg/kg) in soil for agricultural purposes near objects oil production was shown not to exceed the established hygienic standards. Soil contamination with oil products leads to an increase in its toxicity and mutagenicity. Soil contamination with oil products at the level of as low as 30 mg/ kg leads to the gain in its toxicity (low toxicity) and mutagenicity (average) (specific gravity of germinated seeds was 70.7±0.67%, aberrations - 1.78±0.19%).

scholarly journals Protection of water supply sources from the emergency oil spill on the water surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032026
Author(s):  
R Akhtyamov ◽  
T S Titova ◽  
D V Glazkov ◽  
I I Gavrilin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Choice Of Technology ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

Abstract The article provides an algorithm for organizing oil spill response on the water surface, as well as the results of the analysis of existing methods of oil and oil product spill response. In order to improve the complex of measures to eliminate oil spills on the water surface, the main requirements for oil-absorbing materials are given. It is shown that the localization and elimination of oil and oil products spills on the water surface due to the destruction of the underwater passage of the main oil pipeline requires a set of works that require the use of various methods and the use of the necessary technical means. The developed set of measures for organizing work in response to oil spills on the water surface and the results of the analysis of existing methods for responding to oil and oil products spills will reduce the time for containment and response to the spill, taking into account the optimal choice of technology for cleaning the coastal strip from oil pollution.

scholarly journals Protection of water supply sources from the emergency oil spill on the water surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (3) ◽  
pp. 032057
Author(s):  
R Akhtyamov ◽  
T S Titova ◽  
D V Glazkov ◽  
I I Gavrilin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Choice Of Technology ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

Abstract The article provides an algorithm for organizing oil spill response on the water surface, as well as the results of the analysis of existing methods of oil and oil product spill response. In order to improve the complex of measures to eliminate oil spills on the water surface, the main requirements for oil-absorbing materials are given. It is shown that the localization and elimination of oil and oil products spills on the water surface due to the destruction of the underwater passage of the main oil pipeline requires a set of works that require the use of various methods and the use of the necessary technical means. The developed set of measures for organizing work in response to oil spills on the water surface and the results of the analysis of existing methods for responding to oil and oil products spills will reduce the time for containment and response to the spill, taking into account the optimal choice of technology for cleaning the coastal strip from oil pollution.

Oil spills forecasting in rail accidents

2017 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Alex Elizariev ◽  
Timur Yusupov ◽  
Elena Elizarieva
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Emergency Situations

Objective: To scientifically substantiate and develop forecasting basis of emergency situations consequences on railway transport. Methods: Theoretical generalization and analysis of the current knowledge and understanding of oil spills forecasting, a geographic information system. Results: In accordance with the analysis of statistical data, the emergency situation during the transportation of oil and oil products by rail are associated more with mechanical damage to special tanks and release of petroleum products into the environment with subsequent ignition, or by contamination of land or water areas. One of the key safety components on rail transport of petroleum products is the prediction of possible emergency situations, modelling of development processes of the strait of petroleum products and risk assessment. Based on the analysis of existing methods of calculation of the consequences strait of petroleum products, as well as features of the simulation of the expiry with use of modern software such as Autodesk Inventor, ArcGIS, Surfer, the proposed methodological framework for prediction of consequences of emergency situations on objects of railway transport. The paper shows the opportunity on the basis of threedimensional models of the terrain in the zone of emergency, by means of geographic information modeling to determine the shape of the spill of petroleum product of a multifactorial consideration of the different parameters determining the quantitative and qualitative sides of the processes of the strait of oil products will allow to improve the accuracy of predictive assessments, and the use of modern IT-technologies to provide efficiency calculations. Practical importance: Applicationof the proposed approach will determine the quality of any system of support of decision-making, especially when planning rescue operations, including in the justification of the choice of those or other technologies of their conducting and use of various rescue equipment.

scholarly journals The elimination of emergency oil spills consequences in the Arctic zone of Russia using the reagent encapsulation technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
E.G. Kholkin ◽  
◽  
L.O. Shtripling ◽  
K.S. Larionov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Conditions

Arctic zone of the Russian Federation occupies a large area of the country and it differs from other regions with special climatic conditions. In winter air temperature can be lowered to 70°C below zero in the Arctic, and almost all the territory is located in the permafrost zone. The main potential sources of emergency conditions resulted in oil products used as finished raw materials, fuel and lubricants which will inevitably fall into the soil, are operated machinery and equipment for the hydrocarbons extraction and transportation. Weak self-recovery potential of soils in a short growing season and low temperatures involves the development and use of adapted to arctic conditions technologies for rapid overcoming of accidental oil spills consequences. We propose adapted to arctic conditions technology for rapid consequences elimination of accidents involving oil spills. Decontamination technology of soils polluted with oil products is based on the encapsulation of the pollutant (reagent encapsulation technology) with an alkaline reagent based on calcium. We used as a reagent powdered building quick lime; it is carbonate rock calcine or a mixture of this product with mineral additives (calcium oxide). The main advantage of the reagent encapsulation technology is decontamination efficiency of contaminated soils compared to traditional technologies of decontamination. One more important factor is low market value of lime as compared to other reagents, biological substances and solvents for the oil products extraction. We describe the basic steps of the reagent encapsulation technology in decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products. If we use exotherm process energy of chemical decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products, in combination with a forced feed of carbon dioxide to decontamination zone; then at the stage of coat formation from calcium carbonate on the surface of the pollutant it allows to complete decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products using the reagent encapsulation technology in extreme Arctic natural climatic conditions. We describe the principle of equipment operation allowing to carry out decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products using reagent encapsulation technology in Arctic climatic conditions. Encapsulated material obtained as a result of decontamination of soils contaminated with oil products, is resistant to natural and anthropogenic factors, such as moisture, temperature changes, acid rain and high pressure. We present the results of experimental studies for determining the optimal amount of the reagent required for the efficient completion of the decontamination of snow contaminated with motor oil, and soils contaminated with oil products depending on the degree of contamination and the type of pollutant. Our studies confirm that the reagent encapsulation technology showed good performance in severe climatic conditions and they are suitable for decontamination of soils and snow contaminated with gasoline, diesel fuel and engine oil.

scholarly journals Avaliação de um biossorvente à base de fibra de ráfia na sorção de hidrocarbonetos

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e11
Author(s):  
Tomás Heineck Rodrigues Só e Silva ◽  
Vitória Damaceno Bueno ◽  
Matheus Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
Michele Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Wesley Formentin Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Long Term Effects

Oil spills and discharges of petroleum products have severely polluted aquatic ecosystems, oceans, rivers, groundwater and even soil. In August 2019, more than 2,000 km of the northeast and southeast coast of Brazil were struck by a major oil spill in the country’s largest ever environmental disaster. Spill remediation is a significant environmental challenge and the economic and socioenvironmental impacts of these events are diverse. Oil spills in oceans and rivers severely affect the fishing and tourism industries of the areas in question, with damage including severe short and long-term effects on plants and animals, such as respiratory and digestive disorders, reduced growth and reproductive capacity as well as weakened immunity due to the bioaccumulation of toxic contaminants. There are several proposed strategies for removing crude oil and petroleum products from surface water. Contaminated areas can be remediated in-situ or ex-situ, with the former considered the best option in terms of cost and efficiency. In this respect, absorbent materials obtained from biomass have received widespread attention due to their ease of use, buoyancy and low cost. Raffia is a natural fiber abundant in eastern Africa with excellent physical properties, such as low specific weight, good liquid sorption and low conductivity. As such, the present study investigated the application of raffia fiber with different particle sizes ( 300 µm, 300 - 850 µm, 850 - 1000 µm, 1000 - 1400 µm and 1400 - 2000 µm) and fiber/hydrocarbon ratios (1, 2, 3 and 4% w/v) as an absorbent for hydrocarbons, using n-heptane as a model molecule. Microscopic analysis of micronized raffia fiber indicated the presence of honeycomb-shaped cells with well-defined borders and an irregular geometry. These honeycomb structures are preserved, especially in large particle size ranges. Among the granulometries assessed, the highest sorption capacities were obtained for 1000 to 1400 µm raffia fibers, suggesting that honeycomb-shaped structures favor hydrocarbon sorption. Additionally, the fact that smaller particles do not require micronization is economically beneficial and facilitates application of the absorbent material to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated areas. The results obtained under the conditions studied indicate that sorption capacity increases as the absorbent content rises. Comparison of fiber contents of 1% and 3% w/v for 1000 - 1400 µm particles showed an increase of approximately 43% in sorption capacity when content rose to 3% w/v. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of natural raffia fiber as an alternative absorbent for hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Crustaceans of the Volga delta in emergency conditions of oil spills

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Galina Petrovna Fomicheva ◽  
Botagoz Murasovna Nasibulina ◽  
Maria Georgievna Biryukova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Maximum Effect

The article describes the dangerous consequences of petroleum products - the most dangerous pollutants of the aquatic environment, which disturb many natural processes and relationships, changing the habitat of aquatic organisms.A variety of sources contributes to the pollution of natural waters with various fractional composition of petroleum products. The complex studies of oil pollution of water bodies were carried out in the vicinities of Astrakhan in places of accidental oil spills in 2013-2015. Analysis of the study results confirmed the need to assess the extent of water pollution by hydrocarbons, not only in terms of the mass concentration of oil in the water, but also in biological parameters of the harmless concentration of the toxicant, because under equal levels of mass concentration oil contaminants with different fractional composition have different degree of toxic effects on living organisms. The heavy oil fractions of the oil products had the maximum effect on Daphnia magna Straus. The limit of harmless concentration of oil products dissolved in natural waters of the Serebryanaya Volozhka canal was 0.034-0.136 mg/dm3; the limit of harmless concentrations of oil products spilled on the water surface made 0.014 mg/dm3. This is 3.6 times less than maximum permissible coefficient of oil products in the water bodies of Russia (0.05 mg/dm3). Bioassay methods, along with the traditional analytical methods have to be used in a comprehensive study of oil pollution of the aquatic environment.

Equipment dentifying Vapor Leakages and Recovery of Petroleum Product Vapor When Stored

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Y.N. Rybakov ◽  
◽  
V.E. Danilov ◽  
I.V. Danilov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Vapor Absorption

The problem of losses of oil products from leaks during their storage and transportation at oil supply facilities is considered. The influence of oil product leaks on the environmental situation around oil depots and gas stations is shown. A detailed overview of existing methods and tools for detecting leaks of petroleum products from storage facilities is presented. The evaluation of their effectiveness. Two methods for detecting oil leaks and devices based on them are proposed. The first device monitors the movement of liquid in the tank, the second-detects petroleum products in wastewater. The problem of recovery of petroleum vapors and environmental pollution from the release of vapors of light fractions into the atmosphere is also considered. An overview of existing methods and means of recovery of petroleum vapors is presented. Two methods and devices for capturing oil vapors and returning them to the reservoir are proposed, based on different principles: vapor absorption in the cooled oil product and vapor recovery on the principle of the Carnot cycle. It is shown that these devices can provide effective detection of oil leaks and recovery of their vapors, as well as improve the effectiveness of environmental protection at modern gas stations and tank farms.

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