Effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticles on diabetic retinopathy in rats

Triamcinolone acetonide acetate (TAA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared to investigate their transdermal absorption in vitro and establish a diabetic retinopathy (DR) rat model. To evaluate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules on improving the structure of the retina and pancreas, we measured blood glucose levels and investigated the pathological changes in the retina and pancreas. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules on the morphology of the retina and pancreas of the rats with DR was determined and compared among the normal group, model control group, positive control group, and triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. After treatment with triamcinolone acetonideloaded nanoparticle capsules for 2 months, the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01) and the pathological changes were less severe in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group than in the model control group. In addition, the arrangement of the photoreceptor cell layers in the retina was organized, intracellular and extracellular edema in each layer was reduced compared with that in the model control group, the capillary lumen was not occluded, and the peripheral cells were slightly edematous in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. Triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules could effectively reduce the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and improve the structure of the retina and pancreas in the rats with DR.

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The Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Modulates the Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Mice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071801 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1801 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yu-Ping Fu ◽

Bin Feng ◽

Zhong-Kai Zhu ◽

Xin Feng ◽

Shu-Fan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Codonopsis Pilosula ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Immunosuppressed Mice ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

Based on previous studies about microflora regulation and immunity enhancement activities of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (CPP), there is little study on intestinal mucosal immunity, which is a possible medium for contacting microflora and immunity. In the present study, the BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (eight mice in each group), including a normal group (Con), a model control group (Model), and model groups that were administered CPP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) orally each day for seven days after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW/d cyclophosphamide (CP) for three days. CPP recovered the spleen index and restored the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, as well as serum IgG. In addition, it elevated ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the number of Lactobacillus and acetic acid content in cecum. These results indicated that CPP plays an important role in the protection against immunosuppression, especially mucosa immune damage, and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria colonization, which could be considered a potential natural source of immunoregulator.

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Protection ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeto the Spleen and Thymus of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis or Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/186136 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Li Chuyang ◽

Zhang Jie ◽

Ruan Yuefang ◽

Ma Meili

Keyword(s):

Staining Intensity ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Group Model ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhizae

Objective. To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism ofSalvia miltiorrhizaein the treatment of SAP and OJ.Methods. A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model control group and treated group. The mortality rates of rats, contents of endotoxin andPLA2in blood, patholodgical changes of different indexes in spleen and thymus were observed.Results. The contents of endotoxin and PLA2 in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group.The pathological severity scores of spleen and thymus of SAP rats as well as that of spleen of OJ rats in treated groups were significantly lower than those in model control groups (P<.05). The staining intensity as well as the product of the staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein of spleen in model control group were significantly higher than those in treated groups (P<.01) , and the apoptosis index of spleen in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group (P<.01).Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaeexerts protective effects on the spleen and thymus of SAP rats and spleen of OJ rats.

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Protective Effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeon Multiple Organs of Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/602935 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhang Ling ◽

Zhang Xiping ◽

Qiu Fengmei ◽

Yan Ping ◽

Cheng Qihui

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Jaundice ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhizae ◽

The Impact

Purpose. we aim to explore the protective effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeinjection on multiple organs of obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats through observing the impact of this injection on the pathological alterations in these organs and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood.Methods. A total of 90 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model-control group, andSalvia miltiorrhizae-treated group (n=30). According to the duration of postoperative administration, each group was further divided into two subgroups, namely, 21 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 21 d,n=15) and 28 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 28 d,n=15). After administration, the pathological alterations in multiple organs were observed and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood were determined.Results. Compared to model control group, the number of dead rats in treated group decreased though there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The pathological alterations in the liver, kidney, and spleen in treated group showed varying degrees of mitigation. At all time points, the contents of plasma endotoxin declined significantly. On day 28, plasmaPLA2content in treated group was significantly lower than that in model-control group.Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaeinjection is able to obviously reduce the contents of inflammatory mediators in the blood of OJ rats and exert some protective effects on multiple organs of these rats.

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Influence ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeon the Mesenteric Lymph Node of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis or Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/675195 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Zhang Jie ◽

Ye Shuyun ◽

Wang Qili ◽

Feng Guanghua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhizae

Objective. To observe the effect ofsalvia miltiorrhizaeinjection on inflammatory mediator levels and mesenteric lymph nodes in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats and explore the protective mechanism ofsalvia miltiorrhizaeon the lymph nodes of these rats.Methods. A total of 288 rats were used in SAP-associated and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model control group, and treated group. At various time points after operation, the pathological changes in mesenteric lymph nodes of rats in each group were observed, respectively.Results. The pathological severity scores in lymph nodes of SAP rats in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group (P<.05) while the pathological changes in lymph nodes of OJ rats in treated group also showed varying degrees of mitigation.Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaecan exert protective effects on the lymph nodes of SAP or OJ rats via a mechanism that is associated with reducing the contents of inflammatory mediators in blood.

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Protective Effect and Mechanisms of Radix Astragali Injection on the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2010/757191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Weng Ke ◽

Yu Yaping ◽

Zhao Hongchan ◽

Cheng Qihui

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Jaundice ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Radix Astragali ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

Objective. To research the protective effects and mechanisms of Radix Astragali injection on the intestinal mucosa of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ).Methods. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control and Radix Astragali treated group. We observed the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa, expression levels of Bax and NF-κB proteins, and apoptosis indexes in intestinal mucosa as well as serum NO, MDA and SOD contents, respectively, on 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d after operation.Results. The pathological severity score (on 7d and 14d), apoptotic indexes (on 14d) of the intestinal mucosa and serum MDA content (on 14d) of treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<.05). The serum SOD contents (on all time points) of treated group were significantly higher than those in the model control group (P<.05). The sham-operated group (on 21d) of the product of staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein was significantly lower than model control group (P<.05).Conclusion. Radix Astragali injection could protect the intestinal mucosa of OJ rats by increasing the content of SOD, reducing the content of MDA, inhibiting the apoptosis and relieving the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa.

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Immunomodulatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Abrus precatorius L. leaves against cyclophosphamideinduced immunosuppression in mice

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs210219022m ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

Chirag Modi ◽

Punit Bhatt ◽

Urvesh Patel ◽

Harshad Patel ◽

Kajal Pandya

Keyword(s):

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Group Model ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Abrus Precatorius ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licorice) leaves. A hydroalcoholic extract of A. precatorius leaves (EAPL) was prepared by maceration. Thirty male mice were divided into five groups as follows: control group, model control group (cyclophosphamide-treated), and three treatment groups (treated with EAPL at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, per os, daily for 14 days). Parameters, including hematological, biochemical, organ indices, hemagglutination test (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interleukin-2 (IL-2) level, splenocyte proliferation and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCQTOF- MS) analysis were evaluated. Histopathological examination was carried out for the spleen, kidney and liver. Cyclophosphamide (CPMD)-induced changes in white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were improved in the treatment groups. Total protein and albumin levels in the treatment groups were significantly higher. EAPL treatment significantly stimulated splenic T-lymphocytemediated proliferation. Neutrophil adhesion was insignificantly decreased in the model control group compared to the normal control group, which was slightly improved by EAPL treatment. EAPL treatment significantly improved the HA titer and cell-mediated immunity, which is an indication of antibody production. The IL-2 level was significantly higher in the treatment groups that received 200 and 300 mg/kg EAPL. LC-QTOF-MS analysis of EAPL showed the presence of flavonoids, lignans, iridoids and phenolic glycosides. These results suggest that A. precatorius leaves are a good candidate for a new immunomodulatory herbal formulation.

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Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4634

Author(s):

Md. Shaekh Forid ◽

Md. Atiar Rahman ◽

Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi ◽

Md. Nazim Uddin ◽

Tapashi Ghosh Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Computational Study ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Esi Ms ◽

Long Evans ◽

Antidiabetic Effects

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

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Experimental Study Oviductus ranae for the Change of α-SMA and TGF-β in Hepatic Fibrosis Rat Liver

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1940 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 912-914 ◽

pp. 1940-1943

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Xiao Ou Li ◽

Feng Hao ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Lei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Hepatic Fibrosis ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Model Group ◽

Model Control ◽

Oviductus Ranae

To evaluate the control effect of Oviductus ranae on liver fibrosis in rats, and the change of TGF-β and α-SMA in liver of. To explore the mechanism of Oviductus ranae decoction on liver fibrosis. Methods Wistar female rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, model control group, colchicines group, Oviductus ranae group. Using the CCl4composite approach to make the rat modle. The course of treat-mart was 12 weeks.After treatment,All the rats was killed,and the materials and blood was taken,and to detect biochemical test of liver function after eight weeks. Investigating the variation of liver histology. Meanwhile detecting protein expression of TGF-β and α-SMA and by immunehistochemical method.Result The general condition of rats in all treatment groups are worse than the blank group,but better than the model group. And the rats in the model group were all occurred in liver fibrosis,and liver fibrosis is the most serious.In a normal rat liver tissue of TGF-β and α-SMA were significantly lower in model group and each treatment group, and there were significant differences, and the TGF-β and α-SMA in expression of liver tissue in model rats of TGF-β and α-SMA the highest. Conclusion: Oviductus ranae can effectively improve liver fibrosis rats induced by CC14liver function.Oviductus ranae can reduce the expression of TGF-β1in liver tissue of hepatic fibrosis rats induced by CCl4in. This may be one of the mechanisms of Oviductus ranae in prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Even though both increased expression of TGF-β and α-SMA expression, is able to determine TGF-β and α-SMA for the intervention of liver TGF-β signal transduction pathway in liver fibrosis.

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Comparative studies of the anti-thrombotic effects of saffron and HongHua based on network pharmacology

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i7.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1441-1448

Author(s):

Jinyan Jiang ◽

Susu Lin ◽

Qiaoqiao Li ◽

Shanshan Jiang ◽

Yingjie Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Experiments ◽

Blood Stasis ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Control Group ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Aggregation Index ◽

Model Control

Purpose: To investigate the comparative anti-thrombotic effects of saffron and Honghua, and also to explore possible mechanisms in thrombosis based on network pharmacology. Methods: A network pharmacology model was used for bioactive components, targets and pathways for saffron and HongHua via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), PharmMapper, Genecard, Uniprot and KEGG databases. In animal experiments, 72 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), crocetin groups (80, 40, 20 mg/kg), hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA) groups (80, 40, 20 mg/kg), and aspirin group (40 mg/kg). Using in vitro thrombosis models and an acute blood stasis model in vivo, the anti-thrombotic effects of these treatments on clotting time, hemorheology parameters, Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasmin activator inhibitor (PAI), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and thrombinantithrombin complex (TAT) were determined and comparisons made for saffron and HongHua. Results: Five potential compounds, 16 anti-thrombotic targets and 27 pathways were predicted for saffron, while 22 compounds, 37 disease targets and 35 pathways were found for HongHua (p < 0.05). Pharmacological experiments revealed that crocetin and HSYA had significant effects on thrombus length, thrombus wet/dry mass, whole blood viscosity (WBV), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), clotting time and D-dimer for the high and middle groups. Unlike HSYA, crocetin also had significant and dose-dependent effects on PAI, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and PS and had highly significant effects on TXB2 and TAT. Conclusion: This research provides a systematic, comprehensive and comparative analysis of component, target and anti-thrombotic pathways of saffron and HongHua based on network pharmacology, and also shows that saffron has more significant anti-thrombotic effect than HongHua. Keywords: Saffron; HongHua; Network pharmacology; Anti-thrombosis; Network model

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Effects of Marine Drug Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.21.2.5486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

Haiyue Liang ◽

Qun Liu ◽

Yonghong Xiu

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Sodium Sulfate ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Propylene Glycol Alginate

Previous studies have shown that marine drug propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) plays important roles in human diseases. This study mainly explored the effects of PSS on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic db/db mouse models. The db/db mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12), which were model control group (distilled water), positive control group (metformin), PSS low, medium, and high dose groups (PSS25, PSS50, PSS100) and normal control group (C57/BL, distilled water). The mice in each group had free diet and water for 90 days. During the experiment, food intake was recorded every day and body weight was recorded weekly. In addition, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured regularly. Finally, the contents of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC) in the serum of mice were determined. PSS can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in db/db mice, and improve insulin sensitivity. Moreover, PSS can reduce the fat accumulation of db/db mice and significantly improve the blood lipid level of db/db mice. PSS can significantly improve the symptoms of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice.

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