Protective Effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeon Multiple Organs of Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Purpose. we aim to explore the protective effects ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeinjection on multiple organs of obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats through observing the impact of this injection on the pathological alterations in these organs and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood.Methods. A total of 90 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model-control group, andSalvia miltiorrhizae-treated group (n=30). According to the duration of postoperative administration, each group was further divided into two subgroups, namely, 21 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 21 d,n=15) and 28 d subgroup (consecutive administration for 28 d,n=15). After administration, the pathological alterations in multiple organs were observed and the contents of endotoxin,PLA2, and TNF-αin the blood were determined.Results. Compared to model control group, the number of dead rats in treated group decreased though there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The pathological alterations in the liver, kidney, and spleen in treated group showed varying degrees of mitigation. At all time points, the contents of plasma endotoxin declined significantly. On day 28, plasmaPLA2content in treated group was significantly lower than that in model-control group.Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaeinjection is able to obviously reduce the contents of inflammatory mediators in the blood of OJ rats and exert some protective effects on multiple organs of these rats.

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Protection ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeto the Spleen and Thymus of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis or Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/186136 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Li Chuyang ◽

Zhang Jie ◽

Ruan Yuefang ◽

Ma Meili

Keyword(s):

Staining Intensity ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Group Model ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhizae

Objective. To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism ofSalvia miltiorrhizaein the treatment of SAP and OJ.Methods. A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model control group and treated group. The mortality rates of rats, contents of endotoxin andPLA2in blood, patholodgical changes of different indexes in spleen and thymus were observed.Results. The contents of endotoxin and PLA2 in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group.The pathological severity scores of spleen and thymus of SAP rats as well as that of spleen of OJ rats in treated groups were significantly lower than those in model control groups (P<.05). The staining intensity as well as the product of the staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein of spleen in model control group were significantly higher than those in treated groups (P<.01) , and the apoptosis index of spleen in treated group was significantly lower than that in model control group (P<.01).Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaeexerts protective effects on the spleen and thymus of SAP rats and spleen of OJ rats.

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Protective Effect and Mechanisms of Radix Astragali Injection on the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2010/757191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Weng Ke ◽

Yu Yaping ◽

Zhao Hongchan ◽

Cheng Qihui

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Jaundice ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Radix Astragali ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

Objective. To research the protective effects and mechanisms of Radix Astragali injection on the intestinal mucosa of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ).Methods. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control and Radix Astragali treated group. We observed the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa, expression levels of Bax and NF-κB proteins, and apoptosis indexes in intestinal mucosa as well as serum NO, MDA and SOD contents, respectively, on 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d after operation.Results. The pathological severity score (on 7d and 14d), apoptotic indexes (on 14d) of the intestinal mucosa and serum MDA content (on 14d) of treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<.05). The serum SOD contents (on all time points) of treated group were significantly higher than those in the model control group (P<.05). The sham-operated group (on 21d) of the product of staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein was significantly lower than model control group (P<.05).Conclusion. Radix Astragali injection could protect the intestinal mucosa of OJ rats by increasing the content of SOD, reducing the content of MDA, inhibiting the apoptosis and relieving the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa.

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Influence ofSalvia miltiorrhizaeon the Mesenteric Lymph Node of Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis or Obstructive Jaundice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/675195 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zhang Xiping ◽

Zhang Jie ◽

Ye Shuyun ◽

Wang Qili ◽

Feng Guanghua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhizae

Objective. To observe the effect ofsalvia miltiorrhizaeinjection on inflammatory mediator levels and mesenteric lymph nodes in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and obstructive jaundice (OJ) rats and explore the protective mechanism ofsalvia miltiorrhizaeon the lymph nodes of these rats.Methods. A total of 288 rats were used in SAP-associated and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model control group, and treated group. At various time points after operation, the pathological changes in mesenteric lymph nodes of rats in each group were observed, respectively.Results. The pathological severity scores in lymph nodes of SAP rats in treated group were significantly lower than those in model control group (P<.05) while the pathological changes in lymph nodes of OJ rats in treated group also showed varying degrees of mitigation.Conclusion.Salvia miltiorrhizaecan exert protective effects on the lymph nodes of SAP or OJ rats via a mechanism that is associated with reducing the contents of inflammatory mediators in blood.

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The Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Modulates the Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Mice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071801 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1801 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yu-Ping Fu ◽

Bin Feng ◽

Zhong-Kai Zhu ◽

Xin Feng ◽

Shu-Fan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Codonopsis Pilosula ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Immunosuppressed Mice ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

Based on previous studies about microflora regulation and immunity enhancement activities of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (CPP), there is little study on intestinal mucosal immunity, which is a possible medium for contacting microflora and immunity. In the present study, the BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (eight mice in each group), including a normal group (Con), a model control group (Model), and model groups that were administered CPP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) orally each day for seven days after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW/d cyclophosphamide (CP) for three days. CPP recovered the spleen index and restored the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, as well as serum IgG. In addition, it elevated ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the number of Lactobacillus and acetic acid content in cecum. These results indicated that CPP plays an important role in the protection against immunosuppression, especially mucosa immune damage, and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria colonization, which could be considered a potential natural source of immunoregulator.

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Effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticles on diabetic retinopathy in rats

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2020.1784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1511-1517

Author(s):

Chengyan Li ◽

Guihong Zhao ◽

Lianwei Lu ◽

Xiuping Du

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

Triamcinolone acetonide acetate (TAA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared to investigate their transdermal absorption in vitro and establish a diabetic retinopathy (DR) rat model. To evaluate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules on improving the structure of the retina and pancreas, we measured blood glucose levels and investigated the pathological changes in the retina and pancreas. The effect of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules on the morphology of the retina and pancreas of the rats with DR was determined and compared among the normal group, model control group, positive control group, and triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. After treatment with triamcinolone acetonideloaded nanoparticle capsules for 2 months, the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly lower (P < 0.01) and the pathological changes were less severe in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group than in the model control group. In addition, the arrangement of the photoreceptor cell layers in the retina was organized, intracellular and extracellular edema in each layer was reduced compared with that in the model control group, the capillary lumen was not occluded, and the peripheral cells were slightly edematous in the triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle group. Triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticle capsules could effectively reduce the blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and improve the structure of the retina and pancreas in the rats with DR.

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Nanoencapsulation of Curcumin and Its Protective Effects against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2019/7140132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jian Li ◽

Ruixu Niu ◽

Lixin Dong ◽

Liming Gao ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Acute Liver Injury ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound extracted from the herb Curcuma longa L. rhizome and has received much attention on account of its biological properties. However, its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its use. The purpose of this study was to synthesize curcumin-loaded nanoliposomes (Cur-NLs) to improve their bioavailability and evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Cur-NLs against tetrachloromethane- (CCl4-) induced acute liver injury in mice. We prepared Cur-NLs by thin film dispersion method, and the characterizations of Cur-NLs were measured by transmission microscope, laser particle size analyzer, infrared spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. After 14 days pretreatment of Cur-NLs, free curcumin, silybin, or PBS, the models of acute liver injury were established by CCl4 intraperitoneal injection in mice. The organ index, biochemical liver function parameters, histopathology, and antioxidant enzyme activities of liver tissues were measured further to evaluate the protective effects of Cur-NLs on liver injury. Compared with the CCl4 model control group, pretreatment of Cur-NLs effectively reduced the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP and attenuated the hepatic necrosis induced by CCl4 intoxication. Furthermore, Cur-NL pretreatment remarkably exhibited decreased MDA level and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT activities compared to CCl4 model control group. Compared with the free curcumin group, the Cur-NLs also showed a better hepatoprotective effect. These observations imply that Cur-NLs act as a promising hepatoprotective agent in reducing liver oxidative stress produced by different stress factors.

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Protective effects and mechanisms of microRNA-182 on oxidative stress in RHiN

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2019-0045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 400-409

Author(s):

Lihua Li ◽

Wenna Peng ◽

Xiangrong Tian

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Apoptosis Rate ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group ◽

Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

AbstractTo explore protective effects and related mechanisms of microRNA-182 (miR-182) on oxidative stress in rat hippocampal neurons (RHiN), RHiN cells. As the results, the survival rate and superoxide dismutase levels in H2O2 group were significantly lower than H2O2+miR-182 group (all P<0.05). The malondialdehyde levels and apoptosis rate in H2O2+miR-182 group were significantly lower than H2O2 group (all P<0.05). The mRNA levels and expression levels of mTOR and PI3K in H2O2+miR-182 group were higher than those in H2O2 group (both P<0.05). The experiment of cerebral ischemic oxidative stress model rats showed that the survival rate, apoptosis rate, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in miR-182 group were better than model control group. The positive staining intensity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in model control group were significantly lower than miR-182 group (all P<0.05). Increased levels of miR-182 can reduce the damage of H2O2 treatments in RHiN cells. Oxidative stress is decreased in the neuronal cells possibly by activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.

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Immunomodulatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Abrus precatorius L. leaves against cyclophosphamideinduced immunosuppression in mice

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs210219022m ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

Chirag Modi ◽

Punit Bhatt ◽

Urvesh Patel ◽

Harshad Patel ◽

Kajal Pandya

Keyword(s):

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Group Model ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Abrus Precatorius ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Model Control ◽

Model Control Group

This study presents the immunomodulatory potential of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Indian wild licorice) leaves. A hydroalcoholic extract of A. precatorius leaves (EAPL) was prepared by maceration. Thirty male mice were divided into five groups as follows: control group, model control group (cyclophosphamide-treated), and three treatment groups (treated with EAPL at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, per os, daily for 14 days). Parameters, including hematological, biochemical, organ indices, hemagglutination test (HA titer), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interleukin-2 (IL-2) level, splenocyte proliferation and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCQTOF- MS) analysis were evaluated. Histopathological examination was carried out for the spleen, kidney and liver. Cyclophosphamide (CPMD)-induced changes in white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were improved in the treatment groups. Total protein and albumin levels in the treatment groups were significantly higher. EAPL treatment significantly stimulated splenic T-lymphocytemediated proliferation. Neutrophil adhesion was insignificantly decreased in the model control group compared to the normal control group, which was slightly improved by EAPL treatment. EAPL treatment significantly improved the HA titer and cell-mediated immunity, which is an indication of antibody production. The IL-2 level was significantly higher in the treatment groups that received 200 and 300 mg/kg EAPL. LC-QTOF-MS analysis of EAPL showed the presence of flavonoids, lignans, iridoids and phenolic glycosides. These results suggest that A. precatorius leaves are a good candidate for a new immunomodulatory herbal formulation.

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Hepatoprotective effect of galangin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity via the LKB1/AMPK pathway

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/20587392211000896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 205873922110008

Author(s):

Meng Chen ◽

Xinyan Song ◽

Jifang Jiang ◽

Lei Xing ◽

Pengfei Wang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Model Group ◽

Expression Levels

To investigate the protective effects of galangin on liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Mouse hepatotoxicity model was established by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 10 ml/kg body weight CCl4 that diluted with corn oil to a proportion of 1:500 on Kunming mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups named control group, model group, and 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg galangin group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed by ELISA. Liver histopathological examination was observed via optical microscopy. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathion (GSSG) were analyzed to assess oxidative stress. Finally, western blot assay was carried out to analyse the expression levels of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK), total liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and phospho-LKB1 (p-LKB1). Compared with the control group, in the model group, the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, and GSSG increased significantly ( p < 0.01); the activity of SOD and GSH decreased significantly ( p < 0.01); and the histopathological examination revealed liver necrosis. However, treatment with galangin (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reversed these CCl4-induced liver damage indicators. Furthermore, treatment with galangin (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the p-AMPK and p-LKB1 expression levels ( p < 0.01). This study supports the hepatoprotective effect of galangin against hepatotoxicity, perhaps occurring mainly through the LKB1/AMPK-mediated pathway.

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When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method

Journal of Causal Inference ◽

10.1515/jci-2020-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 209-228

Author(s):

Layla Parast ◽

Priscillia Hunt ◽

Beth Ann Griffin ◽

David Powell

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Unit ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Synthetic Control ◽

Donor Pool ◽

Synthetic Control Method ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.

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