scholarly journals The Hidden Role of Women in Monitoring Nineteenth-Century African Weather: Instrumental Observations in Equatorial Guinea

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cruz Gallego ◽  
Fernando Domínguez-Castro ◽  
José M. Vaquero ◽  
Ricardo García-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Meteorological Observations

Abstract Some of the first systematic meteorological observations in Africa were made by two women in Equatorial Guinea in 1875. Sisters Isabel and Juliana Urquiola, together with Manuel Iradier, Isabel's husband, built a meteorological observatory on Little Elobey Island (0°59′46″N, 9°32′14″E), off the tiny nation's western coast. From 1 June to 31 December 1875, the sisters took subdaily readings (6, 12, 15, and 18 h past midnight local time) of humidity, temperature, precipitation, and wind direction and speed. To evaluate the quality of these historical observations, the authors have compared them with equivalent modern meteorological data from Cocobeach (the modern meteorological station nearest to Little Elobey). The monthly-mean distributions of maximum and minimum temperature are similar to those of Cocobeach, but minimum temperatures are 2.4°C higher than Cocobeach values. Despite this difference, the observations of the Urquiola sisters were found to be far better and more consistent than other observations of the time. Sadly, the duo never enjoyed an appropriate acknowledgment of their detailed weather measurements, some taken eight times per day, which were some of the first measurements in Equatorial Guinea. Their unappreciated task unfortunately also had a high cost on their health for the rest of their lives, made all the worse for Isabel Urquiola with the loss of a baby.

scholarly journals The Meteorological Observations in Coimbra and the Portuguese Participation in Weather Forecasting in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Leonardo ◽  
Décio Martins ◽  
Carlos Fiolhais
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The University

In the early nineteenth century, regular meteorological observations started at the Faculty of Natural Philosophy of the University of Coimbra (FPUC). From 1854 to 1856 these observations were published in O Instituto, a journal of an academic society of the same name, founded in Coimbra in 1852. This new area of science aroused great interest, offering itself as unexplored territory waiting for scientific investigation. In reaction to the pioneering work at the Polytechnic School of Lisbon of Guilherme Pegado, who founded the first meteorological observatory in Portugal in 1854, the FPUC established a Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory in Coimbra. The main actor was, from 1863, the physicist Jacinto António de Sousa. In the twentieth century, the increasing need for weather forecasting, especially at sea, led to the creation of the Meteorological Services of the Navy in which Carvalho Brandão played a pivotal role. It was the beginning of an international cooperation that brought Jacob Bjerknes to Portugal. He addressed a conference at Coimbra recommending the creation of a meteorological station in the Azores, to relay observational data from vessels travelling in the Atlantic. The Portuguese meteorological services were scattered in various institutions until 1946, when the National Meteorological Services (NMS) were created. Based on articles published in O Instituto and on the activities of the academy with the same name, we provide an overview of the evolution of meteorology in Portugal until the establishment of the NMS, with particular emphasis on the work of the Meteorological and Magnetic Observatory at the University of Coimbra.

scholarly journals ТНЕ BASICS OF CLIМATOTHERAPY, А MODERN VIEW OF ТНЕ PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN CRIMEA, ТНЕ ROLE OF ТНЕ RESTORATION OF ТНЕ EVPATORIA BIOCLIМATIC STATION AS ТНЕ CRIMEAN CENTER OF CLIМATOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Т. F. Golubova ◽  
А. I. Kreslov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Condition ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Republic

Climate is an active, powerful factor that can have a powerful therapeutic effect. Climatotherapy is prescribed for the purpose of General strengthening effects on the body, to stimulate its defenses, increase non-specific resistance, especially in chronic or sluggish pathological processes. The effect of climate therapy is manifested in the body's responses to environmental factors, the main condition of which is the use of physiologically based methods of dosing climate procedures. The bioclimatic station (BCS) of the resort of Yevpatoria carries out meteorological observations of medical orientation and their dosing. The creation of a modern center of climatotherapy, as a scientific-clinical Department of medical climatology on the basis of the BCS will allow to organize a single service on introduction of modern methods of climatotherapy in Evpatoria and the Republic of Crimea, improve the quality of the holiday of climateprotection and effectiveness of climatotherapy.

scholarly journals A Short-term Forecast of the Water Inflow to the Bureya Reservoir on the Basis of ECOMAG Model with the Use of Meteorological Forecasts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Forecast ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Advance Time

A method of short-term forecast of water inflow to Bureya reservoir on the basis of a hydrological model and meteorological forecasts has been developed in order to improve the short-term planning effectiveness. A spatial-distribute physical/mathematical model of the runoff formation was used as a hydrological model. It was calibrated and validated by data of the retrospective hydro/meteorological observations in the Bureya River basin. Statistical criteria have shown good quality of modeling and high diagnostic potential of the model. Forecast calculations on the hydrological model with the seven days advance time can be done according the forecast meteorological data received on the basis of two atmosphere circulation models. A procedure of the forecast calculations’ correction with taking into account newly received hydrological information on water inflow to the reservoir has been applied to raise the hydrological forecasts reliability. Results of our operative test of the developed method of the water inflow to Bureya reservoir short-term forecast in 2016 are given.

scholarly journals A Network of Mode-S Receivers for Routine Acquisition of Aircraft-Derived Meteorological Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Keith Stone ◽  
Gary Pearce
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Wind Component ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Derived Data

AbstractAircraft are an important source of meteorological observations for both numerical weather models and aviation weather forecasting. There has been increasing interest in novel methods for gathering aircraft-based observations, especially mode-selective (Mode-S) enhanced surveillance (EHS)-derived data. This paper reports on the progress made in the United Kingdom at the Met Office on receiving and processing these data. Five receivers have been deployed, providing up to 5.7 million observations of horizontal wind and temperatures per day over the United Kingdom. The receivers are relatively low cost and deploying them at existing operational weather radar sites has been shown to be an ideal choice. Heading corrections are required to improve the quality of the wind observations. When corrected the Mode-S EHS wind data have similar observations-minus-background (o−b) statistics as Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay [AMDAR; using a Met Office version of the Unified Model over the United Kingdom (UKV)]. For the u wind component, the average per model run o−b root-mean-square value for the Mode-S EHS–derived data was 2.45 and 2.12 m s−1 for AMDAR. The AMDAR data are assimilated into the model.

scholarly journals Evidence on a link between the intensity of Schumann resonance and global surface temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1809-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sekiguchi ◽  
M. Hayakawa ◽  
A. P. Nickolaenko ◽  
Y. Hobara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Schumann Resonance ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. A correlation is investigated between the intensity of the global electromagnetic oscillations (Schumann resonance) with the planetary surface temperature. The electromagnetic signal was monitored at Moshiri (Japan), and temperature data were taken from surface meteorological observations. The series covers the period from November 1998 to May 2002. The Schumann resonance intensity is found to vary coherently with the global ground temperature in the latitude interval from 45° S to 45° N: the relevant cross-correlation coefficient reaches the value of 0.9. It slightly increases when the high-latitude temperature is incorporated. Correspondence among the data decreases when we reduce the latitude interval, which indicates the important role of the middle-latitude lightning in the Schumann resonance oscillations. We apply the principal component (or singular spectral) analysis to the electromagnetic and temperature records to extract annual, semiannual, and interannual variations. The principal component analysis (PCA) clarifies the links between electromagnetic records and meteorological data.

scholarly journals Uji Model Aeromod Terhadap Sebaran Particulate Matter 10 µm (PM10) di Sekitar Kawasan PT Semen Padang

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Dharma Wangsa ◽  
Vera Surtia Bachtiar ◽  
Slamet Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Aermod Model

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model AERMOD dalam memprediksi sebaran PM10 di udara ambien kawasan PT Semen Padang. Lokasi penelitian sebanyak 32 titik berdasarkan 8 arah mata angin dengan jarak 0,5 km, 1 km, 1,5 km dan 2 km dari PT Semen Padang. Pengukuran PM10 menggunakan EPAM 5000 Real Time Particulate Air Monitor dilanjutkan pemetaan dengan software Surfer 11. Waktu pengukuran dibagi menjadi 4 shift, yaitu shift 1 (00.00 – 05.59 WIB), shift 2 (06.00 – 11.59 WIB), shift 3 (12.00 – 17.59 WIB) dan shift 4 (18.00 – 23.59 WIB). Pengambilan data meteorologi (temperatur udara, tekanan udara, kelembapan, kecepatan angin dan arah angin) menggunakan alat Meteorological Station PCE-FWS-20 untuk input data pada AERMET, dilanjutkan prediksi sebaran PM10 menggunakan software AERMOD View 8.9.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi PM10 dengan EPAM 5000 berkisar antara 21,0 – 79,0 µg/m3 dengan rata-rata 24 jam sebesar 41,7 µg/m3. Konsentrasi PM10 dengan AERMOD berkisar antara 3,5 sampai 68,0 µg/m3 dengan rata-rata 24 jam sebesar 10,6 µg/m3. Jika dibandingkan dengan baku mutu untuk Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, lokasi 11 dengan koordinat S 0°56'52.46" dan E 100°27'41.88"  pada  jarak 1 km kawasan Barat PT Semen Padang tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Model mendekati ideal atau dikatakan sempurna yaitu lokasi arah Timur dan Timur Laut karena elevasi yang lebih tinggi dari sumber emisi dan merupakan arah angin dominan pada siang hari.ABSTRACTThis study aims to test the AERMOD model in predicting the distribution of PM10 in the ambient air of the PT Semen Padang area. The research locations were 32 points based on eight cardinal directions with a radius of 0.5 km, 1 km, 1.5 km, and 2 km from PT Semen Padang. PM10 measurement using EPAM 5000 Real-Time Particulate Air Monitor followed by mapping with Surfer 11 software. The measurement time is divided into four shifts, namely shift 1 (00.00 – 05.59 WIB), shift 2 (06.00 – 11.59 WIB), shift 3 (12.00 – 17.59 WIB), and shift 4 (18.00 – 23.59 WIB). Meteorological data retrieval (air temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction) using the Meteorological Station PCE-FWS-20 for data input to AERMET, followed by prediction of PM10 distribution using AERMOD View 8.9.0 software. The results showed that the concentration of PM10 with EPAM 5000 ranged from 21.0 – 79.0 g/m3 with a 24-hour average of 41.7 g/m3. The concentration of PM10 with AERMOD ranged from 3.5 - 68.0 g/m3 with a 24-hour average of 10.6 g/m3. When compared with the quality standard for Government Regulation no. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management, location 11 with coordinates S 0°56'52.46" and E 100°27'41.88" at a distance of 1 km west of PT Semen Padang does not meet the quality standards. The model is close to ideal or is said to be perfect, namely the location of the East and Northeast directions because of the higher elevation of the emission source and the dominant wind direction during the day.

scholarly journals Technical feasibility on reception of VHRR signals from Kalpana-1 satellite in the event of contingency with the existing operational ground receiving system

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
J. K. S. YADAV ◽  
A. K. CHAKARBORTY ◽  
R. K. GIRI
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Earth Station ◽  
Image Capturing ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
To Receive

National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC), of India Meteorological Department is performing the vital role of receiving signals of meteorological data transmitted by KALPANA-1/INSAT series of national satellites and processing the data to generate various meteorological products for monitoring meteorological, environmental and climatological conditions. The satellite signals are currently being received through a 7.5 m diameter parabolic dish antenna installed  at  INSAT Earth Station of IMD located at Mausam Bhawan Complex, New Delhi. In this study an attempt has been made to receive and process the VHRR signals of KALPANA-1 through a smaller (3.8m) diameter parabolic dish antenna available at earth station .The link calculations have been made to show extra 2 db margin what is theoretically required and it will be sufficient for image capturing. We  had also compared the  result with existing 7.5m diameter  antenna  and observe that quality of satellite pictures received with 3.8m diameter antenna are also equally good. The purpose of this study is to keep in operational readiness a backup antenna for the reception of KALPANA-1 in the event of any unforseen contingency with the existing 7.5m diameter parabolic dish antenna, using the existing infrastructure of IMD.

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

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