scholarly journals Subseasonal Prediction with and without a Well-Represented Stratosphere in CESM1

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2589-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga H. Richter ◽  
Kathy Pegion ◽  
Lantao Sun ◽  
Hyemi Kim ◽  
Julie M. Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Prediction Skill ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Operational Models ◽  
To Come ◽  
Surface Prediction

AbstractThere is a growing demand for understanding sources of predictability on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales. Predictability at subseasonal time scales is believed to come from processes varying slower than the atmosphere such as soil moisture, snowpack, sea ice, and ocean heat content. The stratosphere as well as tropospheric modes of variability can also provide predictability at subseasonal time scales. However, the contributions of the above sources to S2S predictability are not well quantified. Here we evaluate the subseasonal prediction skill of the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1), in the default version of the model as well as a version with the improved representation of stratospheric variability to assess the role of an improved stratosphere on prediction skill. We demonstrate that the subseasonal skill of CESM1 for surface temperature and precipitation is comparable to that of operational models. We find that a better-resolved stratosphere improves stratospheric but not surface prediction skill for weeks 3–4.

scholarly journals Intrinsic oceanic decadal variability of upper-ocean heat content

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Navid C. Constantinou ◽  
Andrew McC. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Upper Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Low Frequency Variability

AbstractAtmosphere and ocean are coupled via air–sea interactions. The atmospheric conditions fuel the ocean circulation and its variability, but the extent to which ocean processes can affect the atmosphere at decadal time scales remains unclear. In particular, such low-frequency variability is difficult to extract from the short observational record, meaning that climate models are the primary tools deployed to resolve this question. Here, we assess how the ocean’s intrinsic variability leads to patterns of upper-ocean heat content that vary at decadal time scales. These patterns have the potential to feed back on the atmosphere and thereby affect climate modes of variability, such as El Niño or the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. We use the output from a global ocean–sea ice circulation model at three different horizontal resolutions, each driven by the same atmospheric reanalysis. To disentangle the variability of the ocean’s direct response to atmospheric forcing from the variability due to intrinsic ocean dynamics, we compare model runs driven with inter-annually varying forcing (1958-2019) and model runs driven with repeat-year forcing. Models with coarse resolution that rely on eddy parameterizations, show (i) significantly reduced variance of the upper-ocean heat content at decadal time scales and (ii) differences in the spatial patterns of low-frequency variability compared with higher resolution simulations. Climate projections are typically done with general circulation models with coarse-resolution ocean components. Therefore, these biases affect our ability to predict decadal climate modes of variability and, in turn, hinder climate projections. Our results suggest that for improving climate projections, the community should move towards coupled climate models with higher oceanic resolution.

Reconsidering American Power

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
American Power ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
To Come

Postcolonial studies, postmodern studies, even posthuman studies emerge, and intellectuals demand that social sciences be remade to address fundamentals of the human condition, from human rights to global environmental crises. Since these fields owe so much to American state sponsorship, is it easier to reimagine the human and the modern than to properly measure the pervasive American influence? Reconsidering American Power offers trenchant studies by renowned scholars who reassess the role of the social sciences in the construction and upkeep of the Pax Americana and the influence of Pax Americana on the social sciences. With the thematic image for this enterprise as the ‘fiery hunt’ for Ahab’s whale, the contributors pursue realities behind the theories, and reconsider the real origins and motives of their fields with an eye on what will deter or repurpose the ‘fiery hunts’ to come, by offering a critical insider’s view.

Capillary Imbibition Dynamics in Porous Media

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayamdipta Bhaduri ◽  
Pankaj Sahu ◽  
Siddhartha Das ◽  
Aloke Kumar ◽  
Sushanta K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Capillary Imbibition ◽  
Flow Physics ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Paper Based Microfluidics ◽  
To Come

The phenomenon of capillary imbibition through porous media is important both due to its applications in several disciplines as well as the involved fundamental flow physics in micro-nanoscales. In the present study, where a simple paper strip plays the role of a porous medium, we observe an extremely interesting and non-intuitive wicking or imbibition dynamics, through which we can separate water and dye particles by allowing the paper strip to come in contact with a dye solution. This result is extremely significant in the context of understanding paper-based microfluidics, and the manner in which the fundamental understanding of the capillary imbibition phenomenon in a porous medium can be used to devise a paper-based microfluidic separator.

Fostering climate change consensus: The role of intimacy in group discussions

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110206
Author(s):  
Lyn M. van Swol ◽  
Emma Frances Bloomfield ◽  
Chen-Ting Chang ◽  
Stephanie Willes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Group Attraction ◽  
Climate Change Information ◽  
To Come ◽  
Collective Engagement

This study examined if creating intimacy in a group discussion is more effective toward reaching consensus about climate change than a focus on information. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that spent the first part of an online discussion engaging in self-disclosure and focusing on shared values (intimacy condition) or discussing information from an article about climate change (information condition). Afterward, all groups were given the same instructions to try to come to group consensus on their opinions about climate change. Participants in the intimacy condition had higher ratings of social cohesion, group attraction, task interdependence, and collective engagement and lower ratings of ostracism than the information condition. Intimacy groups were more likely to reach consensus, with ostracism and the emotional tone of discussion mediating this effect. Participants were more likely to change their opinion to reflect that climate change is real in the intimacy than information condition.

scholarly journals Impact of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics on liver metastatic progression: a multi-model approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Erik Brodin ◽  
Kenichiro Nishii ◽  
Hermann B. Frieboes ◽  
Shannon M. Mumenthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Metastatic Growth ◽  
Tumor Parenchyma ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Model Approach

AbstractColorectal cancer and other cancers often metastasize to the liver in later stages of the disease, contributing significantly to patient death. While the biomechanical properties of the liver parenchyma (normal liver tissue) are known to affect tumor cell behavior in primary and metastatic tumors, the role of these properties in driving or inhibiting metastatic inception remains poorly understood, as are the longer-term multicellular dynamics. This study adopts a multi-model approach to study the dynamics of tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions during metastatic seeding and growth. We employ a detailed poroviscoelastic model of a liver lobule to study how micrometastases disrupt flow and pressure on short time scales. Results from short-time simulations in detailed single hepatic lobules motivate constitutive relations and biological hypotheses for a minimal agent-based model of metastatic growth in centimeter-scale tissue over months-long time scales. After a parameter space investigation, we find that the balance of basic tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions on shorter time scales (adhesion, repulsion, and elastic tissue deformation over minutes) and longer time scales (plastic tissue relaxation over hours) can explain a broad range of behaviors of micrometastases, without the need for complex molecular-scale signaling. These interactions may arrest the growth of micrometastases in a dormant state and prevent newly arriving cancer cells from establishing successful metastatic foci. Moreover, the simulations indicate ways in which dormant tumors could “reawaken” after changes in parenchymal tissue mechanical properties, as may arise during aging or following acute liver illness or injury. We conclude that the proposed modeling approach yields insight into the role of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics in promoting liver metastatic growth, and advances the longer term goal of identifying conditions to clinically arrest and reverse the course of late-stage cancer.

scholarly journals Human Enhancements and Voting: Towards a Declaration of Rights and Responsibilities of Beings

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
S. J. Blodgett-Ford
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
To Come ◽  
Additional Option

The phenomenon and ethics of “voting” will be explored in the context of human enhancements. “Voting” will be examined for enhanced humans with moderate and extreme enhancements. Existing patterns of discrimination in voting around the globe could continue substantially “as is” for those with moderate enhancements. For extreme enhancements, voting rights could be challenged if the very humanity of the enhanced was in doubt. Humans who were not enhanced could also be disenfranchised if certain enhancements become prevalent. Voting will be examined using a theory of engagement articulated by Professor Sophie Loidolt that emphasizes the importance of legitimization and justification by “facing the appeal of the other” to determine what is “right” from a phenomenological first-person perspective. Seeking inspiration from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948, voting rights and responsibilities will be re-framed from a foundational working hypothesis that all enhanced and non-enhanced humans should have a right to vote directly. Representative voting will be considered as an admittedly imperfect alternative or additional option. The framework in which voting occurs, as well as the processes, temporal cadence, and role of voting, requires the participation from as diverse a group of humans as possible. Voting rights delivered by fiat to enhanced or non-enhanced humans who were excluded from participation in the design and ratification of the governance structure is not legitimate. Applying and extending Loidolt’s framework, we must recognize the urgency that demands the impossible, with openness to that universality in progress (or universality to come) that keeps being constituted from the outside.

scholarly journals The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Piccialli ◽  
Vincenzo Schiano di Cola ◽  
Fabio Giampaolo ◽  
Salvatore Cuomo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
To Come ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe first few months of 2020 have profoundly changed the way we live our lives and carry out our daily activities. Although the widespread use of futuristic robotaxis and self-driving commercial vehicles has not yet become a reality, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically accelerated the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in different fields. We have witnessed the equivalent of two years of digital transformation compressed into just a few months. Whether it is in tracing epidemiological peaks or in transacting contactless payments, the impact of these developments has been almost immediate, and a window has opened up on what is to come. Here we analyze and discuss how AI can support us in facing the ongoing pandemic. Despite the numerous and undeniable contributions of AI, clinical trials and human skills are still required. Even if different strategies have been developed in different states worldwide, the fight against the pandemic seems to have found everywhere a valuable ally in AI, a global and open-source tool capable of providing assistance in this health emergency. A careful AI application would enable us to operate within this complex scenario involving healthcare, society and research.

scholarly journals Intelligent Class Scheduler in Kathmandu University

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Gajendra Sharma Rabin Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Class Schedule ◽  
Lecture Room ◽  
Class Scheduling ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University ◽  
Knowledge Portal

Imagine the University where everything runs smoothly, there is no need to worry about information that needs to be known where the University shares all information in your ear. Imagine that you know every location of your University and the schedules are relevant. This research focuses on the problem faced by Kathmandu University (KU) students while searching for their lecture room and managing their class schedule. This research is carried out for proposing knowledge portal for an intelligent class scheduling and location directing on the central campus of KU. The quest of the information world to make everyday easier has driven us to come up with the concept of such an app and this research consists of role of knowledge management for the development of an application by sharing and exchange of information between individuals and the administration. The university will be benefited in at least a small way through the paper.

scholarly journals Coherence Effects in Multiple Medium-Induced Radiation

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fabio Dominguez ◽  
Jose Guilherme Milhano ◽  
Carlos A. Salgado ◽  
Konrad Tywoniuk ◽  
Victor Vila
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Gluon Emission ◽  
Classical Description ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Coherence Effects ◽  
Hard Gluon

In the first part of this work we study the color coherence phenomenon by considering the well-known quark-antiquark antenna with an in-medium hard gluon emission and an extra very soft emission outside it—double antenna. By discussing the coherence effects in terms of the survival probability, we generalize previous studies of the antenna radiation to the case of more than two emitters. After providing support to the jet quenching picture with effective emitters in the QCD cascade, we present a novel setup of an antenna splitting inside the medium taking into account the finite formation time of the dipole, which turns out to be an important scale. We read into the role of coherence and the relevant time scales which control the scenario, while also providing theoretical support for vacuum-like emissions early in the medium. Finally, by mapping the spectrum of in-medium splittings through the corresponding kinematical Lund diagram, we appreciate regimes of a close correspondence to a semi-classical description.

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