scholarly journals Structural Forces: Perception and Vulnerability Factors for Tornado Sheltering within Mobile and Manufactured Housing in Alabama and Mississippi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Ash ◽  
Michael J. Egnoto ◽  
Stephen M. Strader ◽  
Walker S. Ashley ◽  
David B. Roueche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Public Outreach ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Manufactured Housing ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Do So

AbstractSoutheastern U.S. mobile and manufactured housing (MH) residents are the most tornado-vulnerable subset of the population because of both physical and socioeconomic factors. This study builds upon prior MH resident tornado vulnerability research by statistically and geographically analyzing responses from a survey administered to these residents in the Southeast. Specifically, 257 Alabama and Mississippi MH residents were administered a survey with questions pertaining to their perceived tornado risk and vulnerability, protective action and decision-making, and beliefs about the structural integrity of their homes. Results indicate that, despite the weather and emergency management enterprises consistently suggesting that MH residents evacuate their homes for sturdier shelter during tornado events, more than 50% of MH residents believe their homes are safe sheltering locations. The prevalence of larger MHs in northern Alabama partially influences willingness to shelter within one’s MH, while higher levels of negative affectivity stemming from recent impactful tornadoes in northern Alabama influences people to evacuate their MHs for safety. Study findings also uncovered a perception and vulnerability paradox for these residents: Those who have the means to evacuate their MH often feel they have no need to do so, whereas those who recognize the potential peril of sheltering in their home and want to evacuate often lack the resources and/or self-efficacy to carry out more desirable sheltering plans. Overall, study results provide valuable information for National Weather Service forecasters, emergency managers, and media partners so that they may use it for public outreach and MH resident education.

Investigation on Effect of Analysis Variables on Structural Integrity of the Nuclear Piping Under Beyond Design Basis Earthquake

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Sung Kim ◽  
Suk-Hyun Lee ◽  
Hyeong Do Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time History Analysis ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Transition Length ◽  
Dynamic Time

In this study, effect of analysis variables on structural integrity of nuclear piping under beyond design basis earthquake was investigated via performing dynamic time history seismic analysis. A finite element model of the piping system such as shut-down cooling line was developed combining solid and beam elements. Dynamic time history analysis was performed via finite element elastic plastic stress analysis. Validity of the dynamic time history analysis procedure was verified via comparing with the previous study results. Finally, the effect of analysis variables such as finite element characteristics, transition length between elbow and straight line, fluid effect, etc. was investigated via performing parametric dynamic time history seismic analysis. As a result, it was found that use of the 1st incompatible element is recommended, the transition length is the same as curvature of the elbow, and fluid has to be considered.

scholarly journals The wrong track also leads someplace: Milton Friedman's presidential address at 50

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Servaas Storm
Keyword(s):  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Financial Fragility ◽  
American Economic Association ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Milton Friedman's presidential address to the American Economic Association holds a mythical status as the harbinger of the supply-side counter-revolution in macroeconomics – centred on the rejection of the long-run Phillips-curve inflation–unemployment trade-off. Friedman (seconded by Edmund Phelps) argued that the long run is determined by ‘structural’ forces, not demand, and his view swept the profession and dominated academic economics and macro policymaking for four decades. Friedman, tragically, put macroeconomics on the wrong track which led to disaster: secular stagnation, rising inequality, mounting indebtedness, financial fragility, a banking catastrophe and recession – and no free lunches. This is Friedman's legacy. We have to unlearn the wrong lessons and return macroeconomics to the right track. To do so, this paper shows that Friedman's (and Phelps's) conclusions break down in a general model of the long run in which productivity growth is endogenous – aggregate demand is driving everything again, short and long.

scholarly journals Maternally requested caesarean delivery: Popularity amongst pregnant women at a South West Nigerian teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 019-030
Author(s):  
Ramon Sunday Omotayo ◽  
Abayomi Logo ◽  
Adetayo Bade-Adefioye ◽  
Oluseyi Adewale ◽  
Ayomide Emmanuel Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Request ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Do So

Caesarean Section on maternal request is a planned surgery performed without medical indication, where the wish of the woman compensates for the lack of medical reasons. Preferences for caesarean section are often associated with some factors that may be cultural, economic, religious or social. Some women are said to suffer from tocophobia which is the fear of childbirth and may be a major psychological cause for caesarean section due to maternal request (CSMR). This study explored the popularity of maternally requested caesarean section amongst pregnant women in the Antenatal clinic of University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure. Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: Willingness to request for caesarean section if not indicated is found to be low with only about 10% indicating that they can do so. Rather, refusal to undergo caesarean section when medically indicated is found to be relatively high with 43 % of respondents indicating their unwillingness to have caesarean section even if indicated. Fear of adverse occurrence to mother or baby is the major reason for avoiding caesarean section Conclusion: Maternally requested caesarean section is not popular amongst pregnant women while aversion to indicated caesarean section is high in the study area. There is need for massive education and enlightenment on caesarean section in order to improve its acceptability.

scholarly journals The effect of chilling on the photosynthetic activity in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings: The protective action of chloroplastid pigments

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurandi Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Luis C.A. Alves ◽  
Antonio Celso Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Tissue Storage ◽  
Ps Ii

Coffea arabica is considered to be sensitive to low temperatures, being affected throughout its entire life cycle. Injury caused by chilling (low temperatures above zero degree centigrade) is characterized primarily by inhibition of the photosynthetic process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of photosynthetic pigments in the tolerance of coffee (C. arabica L.) seedlings to chilling. The evaluation the photosynthetic activity was made by emission of Chl a fluorescence at room temperature (25 ºC) in vivo and in situ, using a portable fluorometer. The pigment content was obtained by extraction with 80 % acetone, while estimation of membrane lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring the MDA content in leaf tissue extracts. The results indicated a generalized reduction in the quantum yield of PSII when the seedlings were maintained in the dark. The reduction occurred in the seedlings submitted to chilling treatment as well as in the control ones. This demonstrates that not only chilling acts to cause an alteration in PSII. It is possible that the tissue storage reserves had been totally exhausted, with the respiratory rate exceeding the photosynthetic rate; the later was nil, since the seedlings were kept in the dark. The efficiency in the capture, transfer and utilization of light energy in PS II photochemical reactions requires a sequence of photochemical, biochemical and biophysical events which depend on the structural integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, this efficiency was found to be related to the protective action of chloroplastid pigments, rather than to the concentration of these pigments.

Dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus revisited: novel insights from a focused fiber dissection study

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Komaitis ◽  
Georgios P. Skandalakis ◽  
Aristotelis V. Kalyvas ◽  
Evangelos Drosos ◽  
Evgenia Lani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Fiber Tract ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fiber Dissection ◽  
Anatomical Connection ◽  
Anatomical Evidence ◽  
Formalin Fixed

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical consistency, morphology, axonal connectivity, and correlative topography of the dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-I) since the current literature is limited and ambiguous.METHODSFifteen normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were studied through a medial to lateral fiber microdissection technique. In 5 specimens, the authors performed stepwise focused dissections of the lateral cerebral aspect to delineate the correlative anatomy between the SLF-I and the other two SLF subcomponents, namely the SLF-II and SLF-III.RESULTSThe SLF-I was readily identified as a distinct fiber tract running within the cingulate or paracingulate gyrus and connecting the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus, the pre–supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the SMA proper, the paracentral lobule, and the precuneus. With regard to the morphology of the SLF-I, two discrete segments were consistently recorded: an anterior and a posterior segment. A clear cleavage plane could be developed between the SLF-I and the cingulum, thus proving their structural integrity. Interestingly, no anatomical connection was revealed between the SLF-I and the SLF-II/SLF-III complex.CONCLUSIONSStudy results provide novel and robust anatomical evidence on the topography, morphology, and subcortical architecture of the SLF-I. This fiber tract was consistently recorded as a distinct anatomical entity of the medial cerebral aspect, participating in the axonal connectivity of high-order paralimbic areas.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and SARS-CoV ORF8ab: Genomic Divergence and Functional Convergence

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Mohammad ◽  
Abderrezak Bouchama ◽  
Bothina Mohammad Alharbi ◽  
Mamoon Rashid ◽  
Tanveer Saleem Khatlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Genomic Divergence ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Do So

The COVID-19 pandemic, in the first seven months, has led to more than 15 million confirmed infected cases and 600,000 deaths. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, has proved to be a great challenge for its ability to spread in asymptomatic stages and the diverse disease spectrum it has generated. This has created a challenge of unimaginable magnitude, not only affecting human health and life but also potentially generating a long-lasting socioeconomic impact. Both medical sciences and biomedical research have also been challenged, consequently leading to a large number of clinical trials and vaccine initiatives. While known proteins of pathobiological importance are targets for these therapeutic approaches, it is imperative to explore other factors of viral significance. Accessory proteins are one such trait that have diverse roles in coronavirus pathobiology. Here, we analyze certain genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF8 and predict its protein features. We have further reviewed current available literature regarding its function and comparatively evaluated these and other features of ORF8 and ORF8ab, its homolog from SARS-CoV. Because coronaviruses have been infecting humans repeatedly and might continue to do so, we therefore expect this study to aid in the development of holistic understanding of these proteins. Despite low nucleotide and protein identity and differentiating genome level characteristics, there appears to be significant structural integrity and functional proximity between these proteins pointing towards their high significance. There is further need for comprehensive genomics and structural-functional studies to lead towards definitive conclusions regarding their criticality and that can eventually define their relevance to therapeutics development.

Assessment of evacuation training needs: Targeting instruction to meet the requirements of local communities and agencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
Karl Kim, PhD ◽  
Brian Wolshon, PhD ◽  
Pradip Pant, PhD ◽  
Eric Yamashita, MURP ◽  
Jiwnath Ghimire, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Action Strategy ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Transportation Agencies

As the need to prepare for, respond to, and recover from major disruptive events continues to become more critical, the use of evacuation as a protective action strategy when confronted with life-threatening disasters is a key component of community resilience planning. While the basic concepts of evacuations are straightforward and consistent across locations and hazard types, the details of planning and managing an evacuation are more varied and complex. To improve evacuation preparedness, the training of emergency managers, police, and transportation agencies becomes key. This study assesses the need for evacuation training among key governmental agencies. A national survey of evacuation planning training needs among emergency managers and those involved in transportation management and operations was undertaken in 2016. This paper summarizes key findings of this survey, which included 727 respondents across 136 cities and 48 states and 2 territories, to reveal the results of this training-needs self-assessment. Based on this analysis, training needs and other recommendations for the development and delivery of curriculum on evacuation planning are presented.

A Neoliberal Response to an Urban Crisis: Emergency Management in Flint, MI

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fasenfest
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Flint River

The fiscal crisis faced by municipalities is the product of a range of structural and political factors that leave communities unable to meet their obligations. To deal with this crisis, the State of Michigan turned to a program of Emergency Managers who were given the power to overrule locally elected officials, abrogate existing contracts and arrangements, sell public property, and in short do whatever they wished to address the problem. Emergency Managers imposed austerity-based neoliberal policies with little regard for underlying structural forces that left communities impoverished, and which in the end protected bond holders. As the case of Flint, Michigan, demonstrates, these actions did little to alter the long-term prospects of cities, and inflicted real harm on Flint’s residents when the EM embarked on a ‘money saving’ plan to terminate an agreement to use safe Detroit water. In the interim, Flint began drawing drinking water from the Flint River, resulting in high levels of lead in their water, producing a health crisis. At the end of the day, cities where Emergency Managers were in charge were left in unsustainable positions, burdened by new long-term debt, with every likelihood they would find themselves in another fiscal crisis in the coming decades.

The Application of Concurrent Installation of the RCS Cross Over Leg and the Reactor Vessel Internals

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-W. Park ◽  
J.-H. Bae ◽  
S.-H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Reactor Coolant ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Under Construction

The reactor vessel internals (RVI) of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) must be installed precisely in the reactor vessel (RV) according to the requirements for levelness, orientation and vertical alignments for its proper functions and structural integrity. For the precise installation, deformation of the RV should be controlled during the RVI installation. Traditionally, the RVI has been installed in the RV after the completion of welding work for large bore pipings in the reactor coolant system (RCS). To reduce installation time, the concurrent installation of the RVI and RCS pipings is investigated. This paper describes the feasibility study on the concurrent installation including the Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses of the RV deformation due to the welding and heat treatment of the pipings. Based on the feasibility study results, the optimum schedule of the RVI installation in parallel with the installation of the cross-over leg pipings (reactor coolant pump inlet pipings) and confirmation measurement locations are developed. Thereby the concurrent installation will be applied to the nuclear power plants under construction in Korea, and it is expected to reduce installation period of 2 months compared to the traditional sequential installation method.

scholarly journals Examining the effects of Blephasteam® - clinical safety study results

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
C PURSLOW ◽  
PJ MURPHY ◽  
FR GILL
Keyword(s):  
Safety Study ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Study Results
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