Isolating the effect of eviction on criminal convictions

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alm
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Different Types

On an individual level, criminal offending is linked to resource deficiencies. Since evictions tend to affect society’s weakest groups, we would expect evicted individuals to be convicted of crime to a higher degree than others even before eviction. But is there also a direct effect of eviction on criminal convictions? The aim of this study was to isolate the effect of eviction on criminal convictions. Propensity score matching was used and the analyses included all individuals evicted in Sweden from 2009 to 2010 ( n = 5050), and a 10% sample of the adult population ( n = 770,000). After matching based on relevant background factors, the analyses showed a significant increase in criminal convictions from the year of eviction until the end of the period studied, two to three years later. The pattern was similar for men and women. Future research should investigate eviction in relation to different types of crime.

scholarly journals ‘When it rains, it pours’: Housing evictions and criminal convictions in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082090510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Alm ◽  
Olof Bäckman
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Crime Types

Precarious housing and criminal behaviour are both important elements in processes of marginalization and cumulative disadvantage. It is well known that housing eviction primarily affects the weakest groups in society. In this article we ask if housing eviction has an independent effect on subsequent criminality and if the effect varies across different types of crime (utilitarian, violent and drug crime). Using propensity score matching on administrative register data covering all housing evictions in Sweden 2009, linked with crime registers and registers containing other relevant background information, we find that eviction increases the conviction rates for all analysed crime types, utilitarian crime in particular.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the effect of type 2 diabetes in the incidence and outcomes of myocardial infarction? A matched-pair analysis using hospital discharge data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lopez-de-Andres ◽  
Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia ◽  
Valentin Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Jose M. de Miguel-Yanes ◽  
Romana Albaladejo-Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Background To analyze incidence, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according to the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Spain (2016–2018) and to investigate sex differences. Methods Using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, we estimated the incidence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in men and women with and without T2DM aged ≥ 40 years. We analyzed comorbidity, procedures, and outcomes. We matched each man and woman with T2DM with a non-T2DM man and woman of identical age, MI code, and year of hospitalization. Propensity score matching was used to compare men and women with T2DM. Results MI was coded in 109,759 men and 44,589 women (30.47% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of STEMI (IRR 2.32; 95% CI 2.28–2.36) and NSTEMI (IRR 2.91; 95% CI 2.88–2.94) was higher in T2DM than non-T2DM patients, with higher IRRs for NSTEMI in both sexes. The incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM. After matching, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was less frequent among T2DM men than non-T2DM men who had STEMI and NSTEMI. Women with T2DM and STEMI less frequently had a code for PCI that matched that of non-T2DM women. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher among T2DM women with STEMI and NSTEMI than in matched non-T2DM women. In men, IHM was higher only for NSTEMI. Propensity score matching showed higher use of PCI and coronary artery bypass graft and lower IHM among men with T2DM than women with T2DM for both STEMI and NSTEMI. Conclusions T2DM is associated with a higher incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI in both sexes. Men with T2DM had higher incidence rates of STEMI and NSTEMI than women with T2DM. Having T2DM increased the risk of IHM after STEMI and NSTEMI among women and among men only for NSTEMI. PCI appears to be less frequently used in T2DM patients After STEMI and NSTEMI, women with T2DM less frequently undergo revascularization procedures and have a higher mortality risk than T2DM men.

scholarly journals Retirement? Other Ways Out of the Labour Market Are Far More Worrying for Health: Results from a Matching Approach Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110396
Author(s):  
Elena Pirani ◽  
Gustavo De Santis ◽  
Francesca Zanasi
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Growing Body

Objective Despite a growing body of research, the effects of retirement on health are not clear. The study explores the role played by the path out of the labour market (formal retirement vs. unemployment or family reasons), accounting for individual heterogeneity. Methods: Propensity score matching approach is employed on longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2015). Results: While health does not change significantly for those who formally retire, it worsens considerably for those who leave the labour market for other reasons. Moreover, health outcomes turn out to be highly heterogeneous, depending on individual socio-economic and job-related characteristics. Discussion: Leaving the labour market in one’s mature years is a complex transition. Future research should focus on understanding and combating the causes of premature exit from the labour market, a relevant concern both in economic terms and on health grounds, in the light of our results.

An Examination of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Among Men and Women in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Haneul Yim ◽  
Daniel R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Using a South Korean sample from 2010 National Crime Victim Survey, the current research examined the gender differences of fear of four different types of crime testing the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which asserts that sexual assault operates as a master offense for females. The current study provides insight into the robustness of the shadow hypothesis by controlling for various covariates (e.g., perceptions of the neighborhood and crime-related media consumption) that have been often omitted in this line of literature. Results show that the largest difference in fear between males and females was the fear of sexual assault, and based on coefficient comparison tests, fear of sexual assault was a stronger predictor of fear of other crimes among males than among females. The current study calls for future research to disentangle the shadow of sexual hypothesis in different settings and to conduct more studies specifically on men’s fear of crime.

Corporations May Hire More People With Disabilities Through Public Employment Support Services: Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Won Ho Kim ◽  
JeeEun Karin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Support Services ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Employment Support

This study investigated the effectiveness of employment support services provided to organizations in the context of the quota policies for hiring people with disabilities (PWD). Empirical analyses using the propensity score matching method were conducted on a representative sample of organizations in South Korea that had utilized the PWD employment support services offered by the Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled. In short, the employment support services provided to organizations appeared to be effective in enhancing employment of PWD. Specifically, the organizations that received the PWD employment support services (a) had a higher probability of hiring persons with disabilities, (b) fulfilled the mandated quota for PWD better, and (c) hired more individuals with severe disabilities compared with the organizations that did not receive such services. Implications and limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.

Justifications and Comparisons in the Division of Household Labor: The Relevance of Gender Ideology

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Martínez ◽  
Consuelo Paterna ◽  
Carmen Yago
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Masculine Ideology ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Household Labour

This study tests the direct relevance of justifications and social comparisons (predictors of perceptions of fairness) on different types of household labour distribution, and the importance of masculinity ideology and neosexism on these variables. The participants were heterosexual dual-earner couples. Our results showed that both men and women use more justifications when their housework distribution is not equal, but only women use social comparisons associated with the ways of distributing domestic work. In addition, we observe that, in both men and women, justifications are related to a traditional masculine ideology, but a different model appears in relation to comparisons which are associated with neosexism in men and with traditional masculine ideology in women. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Propensity Score Matching in Accounting Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Shipman ◽  
Quinn T. Swanquist ◽  
Robert L. Whited
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Average Treatment Effects ◽  
Important Design

ABSTRACT Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular technique for estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) in accounting research. In this study, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of PSM relative to more traditional multiple regression (MR) analysis. We discuss several PSM design choices and review the use of PSM in 86 articles in leading accounting journals from 2008–2014. We document a significant increase in the use of PSM from zero studies in 2008 to 26 studies in 2014. However, studies often oversell the capabilities of PSM, fail to disclose important design choices, and/or implement PSM in a theoretically inconsistent manner. We then empirically illustrate complications associated with PSM in three accounting research settings. We first demonstrate that when the treatment is not binary, PSM tends to confine analyses to a subsample of observations where the effect size is likely to be smallest. We also show that seemingly innocuous design choices greatly influence sample composition and estimates of the ATE. We conclude with suggestions for future research considering the use of matching methods. Data Availability: All data used are available from sources cited in the text.

scholarly journals Estimating the Effectiveness of Health-Risk Communications with Propensity-Score Matching: Application to Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Four US Locations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Leidner
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Propensity Score Model

This paper provides a demonstration of propensity-score matching estimation methods to evaluate the effectiveness of health-risk communication efforts. This study develops a two-stage regression model to investigate household and respondent characteristics as they contribute to aversion behavior to reduce exposure to arsenic-contaminated groundwater. The aversion activity under study is a household-level point-of-use filtration device. Since the acquisition of arsenic contamination information and the engagement in an aversion activity may be codetermined, a two-stage propensity-score model is developed. In the first stage, the propensity for households to acquire arsenic contamination information is estimated. Then, the propensity scores are used to weight observations in a probit regression on the decision to avert the arsenic-related health risk. Of four potential sources of information, utility, media, friend, or others, information received from a friend appears to be the source of information most associated with aversion behavior. Other statistically significant covariates in the household’s decision to avert contamination include reported household income, the presence of children in household, and region-level indicator variables. These findings are primarily illustrative and demonstrate the usefulness of propensity-score methods to estimate health-risk communication effectiveness. They may also be suggestive of areas for future research.

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