scholarly journals Tied Infections: How Social Connectedness to Other COVID-19 Patients Influences Illness Severity

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Xuewen Yan ◽  
Tianyao Qu ◽  
Nathan Sperber ◽  
Jinyuan Lu ◽  
Mengzhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Reduced Time ◽  
Close Contacts

Expanding on recent research on the transmission of COVID-19 via social networks, this article argues that exposure to familial and other close contacts who already have the disease may increase the severity of one’s subsequent illness. We hypothesize that having family members or close contacts who were diagnosed with COVID-19 before one’s own diagnosis exacerbates illness severity due to several potential mechanisms including changes in available social support access, increased stress and strain, and increased viral load due to the nature of one’s exposure to the novel coronavirus. We analyze administrative data of all 417 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Shenzhen between January 8 and February 25, 2020. Our analyses show that, when patients had family members or close ties diagnosed with COVID-19, they experienced more severe illness. We also find that patients with infected family members or close contacts did not have significantly extended total illness duration, due to their reduced time to diagnosis. The implications of both findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Using SIR, SEIQR, and Machine Learning Models: Australia, Italy, and UK Cases

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Rahimi ◽  
Amir H. Gandomi ◽  
Panagiotis G. Asteris ◽  
Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Limited Memory ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is a disease outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, a Central Chinese city. In this report, a short analysis focusing on Australia, Italy, and UK is conducted. The analysis includes confirmed and recovered cases and deaths, the growth rate in Australia compared with that in Italy and UK, and the trend of the disease in different Australian regions. Mathematical approaches based on susceptible, infected, and recovered (SIR) cases and susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, and recovered (SEIQR) cases models are proposed to predict epidemiology in the above-mentioned countries. Since the performance of the classic forms of SIR and SEIQR depends on parameter settings, some optimization algorithms, namely Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS), conjugate gradients (CG), limited memory bound constrained BFGS (L-BFGS-B), and Nelder–Mead, are proposed to optimize the parameters and the predictive capabilities of the SIR and SEIQR models. The results of the optimized SIR and SEIQR models were compared with those of two well-known machine learning algorithms, i.e., the Prophet algorithm and logistic function. The results demonstrate the different behaviors of these algorithms in different countries as well as the better performance of the improved SIR and SEIQR models. Moreover, the Prophet algorithm was found to provide better prediction performance than the logistic function, as well as better prediction performance for Italy and UK cases than for Australian cases. Therefore, it seems that the Prophet algorithm is suitable for data with an increasing trend in the context of a pandemic. Optimization of SIR and SEIQR model parameters yielded a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy of the models. Despite the availability of several algorithms for trend predictions in this pandemic, there is no single algorithm that would be optimal for all cases.

scholarly journals Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mostafa Ansari Ramandi ◽  
Mohammadreza Baay ◽  
Nasim Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The disaster due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world has made investigators enthusiastic about working on different aspects of COVID-19. However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. Comparing the previous presentations of the coronavirus family and the recent cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 can also help in predicting possible future challenges and taking measures to tackle these issues.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN HUBEI PROVINCE AND REST PARTS OF MAINLAND CHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Youfu Ke ◽  
Zemin Chen ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Hoyan Wong ◽  
Yunkeung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Daily Observation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis ◽  
Close Contacts

Background: China 's national-level anti-COVID-19 campaign has been going on for a month. With the development of the epidemic, it is found that COVID-19 severity in Hubei province (Hubei) is different from the rest of mainland China (Rest of China). It is necessary to compare the two areas, summarize experiences and lessons, analyze the epidemic trend and further point out the direction for the campaign. Methods: Prevent, quarantine and treat the disease according to The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards. Collect the numbers of total close contacts, daily observation cases, daily suspected cases, total conrmed cases, daily severe cases, total deaths from January 20 to February 19, input them into SPSS 25 and Microsoft ofce 2019 excel for data processing, statistical analysis and drawing. Findings: Total conrmed cases in Hubei account for 83.2% of the country. Daily suspected cases growth rates for both areas have become negative since February 9. Daily observation cases in Rest of China reached highest point on February 5 as opposed to February 13 in Hubei, and total close contacts growth rates for the last three days are declining steadily to 1.9% and 3.8% respectively. Total conrmed cases growth rate has hit the lowest levels in Rest of China at 0.34% by comparison with 0.57% in Hubei. Mean fatality rate and mean percentage of severe cases for the last three days in Rest of China are 0.67% and 5.83% in contrast to 3.12% and 18.2% in Hubei. There have been very signicant differences in fatality rate and percentage of severe cases existing in the two areas since January 23 and 24 respectively (P<0.01). Interpretation: Hubei is the main epidemic area. COVID-19 has low fatality rate and high transmissibility. Cutting off the source of infection is pivotal in containing COVID-19 outbreak and has a guiding effect on prevention and control of pandemic worldwide. The Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards has played an important role in helping medical staff across the country to ght the epidemic. Coordinating national medical resources to support disaster areas, making full use of the existing facilities to isolate and quarantine, providing timely and accurate treatment can reduce fatality rate. Further efforts are needed to develop highly effective Chinese medicines, western drugs and vaccines in order to eradicate the virus or prevent the epidemic from continuing.

scholarly journals Clinical Progress Note: Point-of-Care Ultrasound Applications in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benji K Mathews ◽  
Seth Koenig ◽  
Linda Kurian ◽  
Benjamin Galen ◽  
Gregory Mints ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ultrasound Applications

COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although most patients (81%) develop mild illness, 14% develop severe illness, and 5% develop critical illness, including acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiorgan dysfunction.1 Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), or bedside ultrasound performed by a clinician caring for the patient, is being used to support the diagnosis and serially monitor patients with COVID-19. We performed a literature search of electronically discoverable peer-reviewed publications on POCUS use in COVID-19 from December 1, 2019, to April 10, 2020. We review key POCUS applications that are most relevant to frontline providers in the care of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals The Mental Health of School-Going Children During Existing Lockdown Situation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Sanjida Rahman ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

During this epidemic of COVID-19, children are in need of much concentration and profound love of the senior family members. Although the measures taken by the organizations are necessary to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, they may be causing widespread mental health issues, including depression and loneliness. Therefore, it is imperative that parents have to spend the lion-share of time with children while listening to them cordially. Parents can participate in sports with them to help them stay fit so that they can enjoy commemorating moments. However, in this additional time, the parents can also make them habituated to practice the rules of health, so does social distancing.

scholarly journals The role of haematological parameters in patients with COVID-19 and influenza virus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeyye Kazancioglu ◽  
Aliye Bastug ◽  
Bahadir Orkun Ozbay ◽  
Nizamettin Kemirtlek ◽  
Hurrem Bodur
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was identified in Wuhan, China. Since then, the novel coronavirus started to be compared to influenza. The haematological parameters and inflammatory indexes are associated with severe illness in COVID-19 patients. In this study, the laboratory data of 120 COVID-19 patients, 100 influenza patients and 61 healthy controls were evaluated. Lower lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets and higher delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were found in COVID-19 and influenza groups compared to healthy controls. The eosinophils, lymphocytes and PLR made the highest contribution to differentiate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls (area under the curves (AUCs): 0.819, 0.817 and 0.716, respectively; P-value is <0.0001 for all). The NLR, the optimal cut-off value was 3.58, which resulted in a sensitivity of 30.8 and a specificity of 100 (AUC: 0.677, P < 0.0001). Higher leucocytes, neutrophils, DNI, NLR, PLR and lower lymphocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit levels were found in severe patients at the end of treatment. Nonsevere patients showed an upward trend for lymphocytes, eosinophils and platelets, and a downward trend for neutrophils, DNI, NLR and PLR. However, there was an increasing trend for eosinophils, platelets and PLR in severe patients. In conclusion, NLR and PLR can be used as biomarkers to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy people and to predict the severity of COVID-19. The increasing value of PLR during follow-up may be more useful compared to NLR to predict the disease severity.

scholarly journals Mental Health of School-Going Children during Existing Lockdown Situation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Sanjida Rahman ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

During this epidemic of COVID-19, children are in need of much concentration and profound love of the senior family members. Although the measures taken by the organizations are necessary to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, they may be causing widespread mental health issues, including depression and loneliness. Therefore, it is imperative that parents have to spend the lion-share of time with children while listening to them cordially. Parents can participate in sports with them to help them stay fit so that they can enjoy commemorating moments. However, in this additional time, the parents can also make them habituated to practice the rules of health, so does social distancing. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(1):33-37

scholarly journals The Novel coronavirus outbreak: A challenge beyond borders

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus H5n1 ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronaviruses infect mammals and birds worldwide, and some of these viruses infect humans to cause mild to moderate lower-respiratory tract illnesses and rarely a severe illness. Like other viruses, coronaviruses evolved (change their genetic material and protein structure) and spread from animals to humans. The world has witnessed coronavirus evolving into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. Other recent examples include Dengue, Ebola, Chikungunya, Influenza and Zika virus outbreaks. It may or may not be relevant to note that first cases of both SARS-CoV in 2003 avian influenza virus (H5N1) in 1997 were isolated and identified at the same hospital in Hong Kong where the first case of the current outbreak of the Wuhan coronavirus has been identified. The new virus has been named as the Novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV).

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Salahuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Supportive Management

Many details of the emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus infection such as its origin, spread, epidemiology, full spectrum of clinical illness, treatment and mortality rate has not been clearly defined. This review focuses the epidemiological evidences, clinical manifestations, investigations and treatment provided to the admitted cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in various hospitals of Wuhan city and other regions in China. Information have been gathered mainly from relevant researches and papers that were published recently. Clinical manifestations included fever, non-productive cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, radiographic manifestations of pneumonia and detection of the novel virus by RT-PCR method. Some patients rapidly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, and other serious complications with fatal outcomes. There are neither vaccines nor effective treatments for the disease caused by the virus, but efforts are typically confined to symptomatic and supportive management. Antivirals and corticosteroids were used in severe illness but had no effective outcome.

scholarly journals The United Kingdom public health response to an imported laboratory confirmed case of a novel coronavirus in September 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Pebody ◽  
M A Chand ◽  
H L Thomas ◽  
H K Green ◽  
N L Boddington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Close Contacts

On 22 September 2012, a novel coronavirus, very closely related to that from a fatal case in Saudi Arabia three months previously, was detected in a previously well adult transferred to intensive care in London from Qatar with severe respiratory illness. Strict respiratory isolation was instituted. Ten days after last exposure, none of 64 close contacts had developed severe disease, with 13 of 64 reporting mild respiratory symptoms. The novel coronavirus was not detected in 10 of 10 symptomatic contacts tested.

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