Is Emerging Adulthood a New Developmental Phase?

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Research Psychologist

In 2000, Jeffrey Arnett, a developmental research psychologist, proposed a new phase of development that he called “emerging adulthood.” He delineated developmental challenges centered on identity, role exploration, and subjective experience and linked his observations to changes in the demographics and culture of contemporary society. This proposal elicited an extraordinary response in the research community, but the reaction among psychoanalysts has been tepid at best: developmental phases have not been amended for almost a century, and in some schools the very notion of such phases has been discredited. Adult development has historically attracted mostly lifespan psychoanalysts, and the concept of identity has never achieved full psychoanalytic status. But both adulthood and identity merit psychoanalytic legitimacy: adulthood because it looms in the mind as a meaningful endpoint that shapes earlier stages, and identity because it is a complex, organizing aspect of self-representation. The concept of emerging adulthood, too, has sufficient validity and heuristic value to be considered a developmental phase, provided we loosen our fixed ideas about what constitutes “developmental” and take a fresh look at the sweep of human development as it is shaping up in a transformed world.

Discipline

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Medical Regimen ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
The Mind

There are broadly five interconnected meanings of the noun ‘discipline’. Disciplinawere instructions to disciples, and hence a branch of instruction or department of knowledge. This religious context provided the modern educational notion of a ‘body of knowledge’, or a discipline such as sociology or economics. We can define discipline as a body of knowledge and knowledge for the body, because the training of the mind has inevitably involved a training of the body. Second, it signified a method of training or instruction in a body of knowledge. Discipline had an important military connection involving drill, practice in the use of weapons. Third, there is an ecclesiastical meaning referring to a system of rules by which order is maintained in a church. It included the use of penal methods to achieve obedience. To discipline is to chastise. Fourth, to discipline is to bring about obedience through various forms of punishment; it is a means of correction. Finally there is a rare use of the term to describe a medical regimen in which ‘doctor's orders’ brings about a discipline of the patient. In contemporary society, there is, following the work of Michel Foucault, the notion of increasing personal regulation resulting in a ‘disciplinary society’ or a society based upon carceral institutions.

Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Identity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Bogdan Eduard Patrichi ◽  
Cristina Ene ◽  
Cristina Rîndaşu ◽  
Arina Cipriana Trifu
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The current paper aims to describe and exemplify the pathology that is increasingly common in contemporary society, compared to the Freudian period in which repression was dominating. Dissociative disorders are usually associated with overwhelming stress, which can be generated by traumatic life events, accidents or disasters experienced directly or witnessed by the individual, or unbearable inner conflicts, which force the mind to separate incompatible or unacceptable pieces of information and feelings.

scholarly journals Periphyton biomass accrual rate changes over the colonization process in a shallow mesotrophic reservoir

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Ribeiro Casartelli ◽  
Gabriela de Jesus Lavagnolli ◽  
Carla Ferragut
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
Fluctuation Phase ◽  
Accrual Rate ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
Developmental Phases

Abstract Aim: We identified and analyzed the developmental phases (exponential and loss) of periphyton on artificial substrates based on biomass accrual rate in dry and rainy seasons in a shallow mesotrophic reservoir (Ninfeias Reservoir, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brazil). We evaluated the colonization time required for the developmental phase to change, as well as related limnological variables. Methods Samplings were carried out weekly, totaling 98 days of substrates exposure. We analyzed the limnological and periphyton variables (chlorophyll a, ash free dry mass, net and gross accrual rate). Results Maximum biomass occurred on the 42nd day in rainy season and on the 98th day in dry season. In the rainy season, the exponential phase of biomass accrual continued until the 28th day of colonization, followed by a fluctuation phase (35th to 77th day) and then a loss phase (84th to 98th days). In the dry season, the exponential phase continued until the 35th day, followed by a loss phase (42th to 63rd day) and then a fluctuation phase (70th and 77th day). In the same season, we observed the beginning of a new exponential phase (84th to 98th day). The biomass peak was recorded on the 42nd colonization day in the rainy season and on the 98th day in the dry season. Biomass and gross and net accrual were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Conclusions Periphyton biomass and net and gross accrual rates were higher during the dry season, which was characterized by high total nitrogen concentration, water transparency and low rainfall. We concluded that periphyton biomass accrual and the duration of the developmental phases (exponential, loss and fluctuation) changed with variations in limnological conditions in each climatic period in the tropical shallow reservoir studied.

Statistical Methods for Conducting the Ontology and Classifications of Fake News on Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 632-651
Author(s):  
Joshua Ojo Nehinbe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Political Rivalry

Fake news and its impacts are serious threats to social media in recent time. Studies on the ontology of these problems reveal that serious cybercrimes such as character assassination, misinformation, and blackmailing that some people intentionally perpetrate through social networks significantly correlate with fake news. Consequently, some classical studies on social anthropology have profiled the problems and motives of perpetrators of fake news on political, rivalry, and religious issues in contemporary society. However, this classification is restrictive and statistically defective in dealing with cyber security, forensic problems, and investigation of social dynamics on social media. This chapter exhaustively discusses the above issues and identifies solutions to challenges confronting research community in the above domain. Thematic analysis of responses of certain respondents reveal three new classifications of fake news that people propagate on social media on the basis of mode of propagation, motives of perpetrators, and impacts on victims.

Materialism in the philosophy of mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Causal Dependence ◽  
Physical Relation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Mind

Materialism – which, for almost all purposes, is the same as physicalism – is the theory that everything that exists is material. Natural science shows that most things are intelligible in material terms, but mind presents problems in at least two ways. The first is consciousness, as found in the ‘raw feel’ of subjective experience. The second is the intentionality of thought, which is the property of being about something beyond itself; ‘aboutness’ seems not to be a physical relation in the ordinary sense. There have been three ways of approaching these problems. The hardest is eliminativism, according to which there are no ‘raw feels’, no intentionality and, in general, no mental states: the mind and all its furniture are part of an outdated science that we now see to be false. Next is reductionism, which seeks to give an account of our experience and of intentionality in terms which are acceptable to a physical science: this means, in practice, analysing the mind in terms of its role in producing behaviour. Finally, the materialist may accept the reality and irreducibility of mind, but claim that it depends on matter in such an intimate way – more intimate than mere causal dependence – that materialism is not threatened by the irreducibility of mind. The first two approaches can be called ‘hard materialism’, the third ‘soft materialism’. The problem for eliminativism is that we find it difficult to credit that any belief that we think and feel is a theoretical speculation. Reductionism’s main difficulty is that there seems to be more to consciousness than its contribution to behaviour: a robotic machine could behave as we do without thinking or feeling. The soft materialist has to explain supervenience in a way that makes the mind not epiphenomenal without falling into the problems of interactionism.

scholarly journals In Search of the Postmodern Utopia: Ben Okri’s In Arcadia

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Graeme Fox
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Empty Universe

This essay explores how Ben Okri’s most recent novel, In Arcadia(2002), attempts to reconstruct the possibility of utopia in the face of a fragmentation of identity and destruction of determinate certainties affecting contemporary society in the aftermath of postmodernism. By tracing the intertextual relations existing between this work and earlier works in an intellectual/literary tradition that extends from Theocritus and Virgil through Dante, More, Milton, Sannazzaro, Sidney and others, Fox shows how Okri develops the proposition that men and women confronting an ‘empty universe where the mind spins in uncertainty and repressed terror’ can recover sanity through art. Even though, in Okri’s vision, the world may be ‘a labyrinth without an exit’, presided over by Death without any hint of transcendence, men and women, he concludes, can recover paradise through the ‘painting of the mind’ which can creative complete forms that can be fed into ‘spirit’s factory for the production of reality’. This generative activity, which is at the heart of the Arcadian vision, in Okri’s view, has the power to make life a place of ‘secular miracles’, despite the limitations imposed upon it by the realities of finitude and death. The essay concludes by suggesting that Okri’s concept of utopia is very close to Kant’s idea of Aufklärung as expounded by Michel Foucault –– that is, neither a world era, nor an event whose signs are perceived, nor the dawning of an accomplishment, but rather a process of which men and women are at once elements and agents, and which occurs to the extent that they decide to be its voluntary actors. While in some respects Okri’s vision is strikingly similar to certain of its antecedents, it is thus nevertheless distinctively postmodern in the ways in which it is inflected.

On the Horizon

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Willoughby ◽  
Jason S. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Marital Transitions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Age Of Marriage

This chapter overviews marriage formation patterns and beliefs about marriage during emerging adulthood. Although marriage is no longer a transition occurring during emerging adulthood for many individuals, this chapter describes how marriage still has an important impact on emerging adult development and trajectories. The authors first note the major international demographic shifts in marriage that have occurred among emerging adults over the past several decades. They then highlight how research findings on beliefs about marriage have offered evidence that how emerging adults perceive their current or future marital transitions is strongly associated with other decisions during emerging adulthood. The chapter overviews major theoretical advancements in this area including marital paradigm theory and marital horizon theory. Research is summarized focusing on the age of marriage to highlight and discuss how marriage during emerging adulthood may impact well-being. Suggestions are provided for future directions of research in this area of scholarship.

scholarly journals Growing pains: understanding the needs of emerging adults with chronic pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Twiddy ◽  
Julie Hanna ◽  
Louise Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Western World ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Growing Pains

Background: Emerging adulthood (18–30 years), in the Western world, is often a time of identity development and exploration, focusing on areas of work, relationships and education. Individuals with chronic illnesses, such as chronic pain, may be more vulnerable to facing challenges during this time. This study aims to investigate the needs of young adults (YAs) attending a tertiary level National Health Service (NHS) Pain Management Programme (PMP) Service in the United Kingdom; exploring how these needs may translate on to clinical assessment and the delivery of rehabilitation interventions. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative study influenced by phenomenological approaches. YA with a diagnosis of chronic pain were recruited and assigned to one of four focus groups facilitated by a clinical psychologist and occupational therapist. A semi-structured interview guide was used to help facilitate the group discussion. Results: Qualitative analysis identified four key themes in understanding the needs of YAs with chronic pain: (1) thwarted opportunities, (2) peer separation, (3) perceived illness validity in the context of age and (4) dependency/parental enmeshment. Conclusions: The emerging adulthood literature provides a valuable framework for examining a normal developmental trajectory and highlights the relevance of age-related processes in YAs with chronic pain. The idealisation of opportunity and the role of perception in this developmental phase both appear relevant. It is significant that emotional stability is not yet established in emerging adulthood and links to unhelpful management strategies that may be differentiated from older populations are identified.

scholarly journals Identification of “bottlenecks” in the systems of adaptability in peach cultivars to specific abiotic factors limiting plant growth and development and affecting individual phases of ontogenesis to develop optimal algorithms for further breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
I. A. Dragavtseva ◽  
V. A. Dragavtsev ◽  
A. P. Kuznetsova ◽  
A. V. Klyukina
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Developmental Phases

Modern breeding, especially when fruit plants cultivated for decades at the same location are concerned, requires a new strategy to develop cultivars resistant to abiotic limfactors of the environment. A more in-depth analysis of genotype–environment interaction phenomena is needed, as modern studies have shown that the level of plant productivity and yields is determined not by specific “genes of quantitative traits”, but mainly by the emergent (newly occurring when a lim-factor of the environment changes at the ontogenetic and phytocenotic levels) effects of the genotype–environment interaction (GEI). New knowledge is needed about the values of contributions to the productivity of a cultivar made by each of the genetic–physiological systems of plant adaptability (GPS-ad) when exposed to a particular lim-factor of the environment at a particular phase of ontogenesis. For the first time, aiming at finding promising peach genotypes for further breeding, we studied their adaptability to low temperatures in different horticulture zones of Krasnodar Territory.Shifts in the effects of low-temperature environmental stressors in the developmental phases of cultivars (produced by climate change) were analyzed in the time interval of 1985–2018.The presence of hereditary adaptive reserves for increasing peach productivity for each phase of development in the process of studying the phenomena of GEI was disclosed. Recommendations are given to breeders on phase-to-phase breeding of future cultivars: how to protect their production process at each developmental phase from negative effects of low temperatures. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document