scholarly journals Growing pains: understanding the needs of emerging adults with chronic pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Twiddy ◽  
Julie Hanna ◽  
Louise Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Western World ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Growing Pains

Background: Emerging adulthood (18–30 years), in the Western world, is often a time of identity development and exploration, focusing on areas of work, relationships and education. Individuals with chronic illnesses, such as chronic pain, may be more vulnerable to facing challenges during this time. This study aims to investigate the needs of young adults (YAs) attending a tertiary level National Health Service (NHS) Pain Management Programme (PMP) Service in the United Kingdom; exploring how these needs may translate on to clinical assessment and the delivery of rehabilitation interventions. Method: This is a descriptive qualitative study influenced by phenomenological approaches. YA with a diagnosis of chronic pain were recruited and assigned to one of four focus groups facilitated by a clinical psychologist and occupational therapist. A semi-structured interview guide was used to help facilitate the group discussion. Results: Qualitative analysis identified four key themes in understanding the needs of YAs with chronic pain: (1) thwarted opportunities, (2) peer separation, (3) perceived illness validity in the context of age and (4) dependency/parental enmeshment. Conclusions: The emerging adulthood literature provides a valuable framework for examining a normal developmental trajectory and highlights the relevance of age-related processes in YAs with chronic pain. The idealisation of opportunity and the role of perception in this developmental phase both appear relevant. It is significant that emotional stability is not yet established in emerging adulthood and links to unhelpful management strategies that may be differentiated from older populations are identified.

scholarly journals “I’m not a teenager, I’m 22. Why can’t I snap out of it?” A Qualitative Exploration of Seeking Help for a First-Episode Eating Disorder During Emerging Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Potterton ◽  
Amelia Austin ◽  
Karina Allen ◽  
Vanessa Lawrence ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews

Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses which typically have their onset during adolescence or the transition to adulthood. Emerging adulthood (EA) (~ 18–25 years) is a developmental phase which conceptually overlaps with adolescence (e.g. both are key periods for identity development) but also has unique characteristics (e.g. increased independence). EA may be a risk-period for delayed help-seeking for EDs, compared to adolescence.Objective This study aimed to explore emerging adults’ attitudes towards their ED symptoms, and their implications for help-seeking. Method: Participants were 14 emerging adults (mean age 20.9 years; SD = 2.0), all currently receiving specialist treatment for a first-episode, recent-onset (< 3 years) ED. Semi-structured interviews relating to experiences of help-seeking were conducted, and data were analysed thematically.Results Symptom egosyntonicity, gradual reappraisal and stereotypical beliefs about EDs were key attitudinal stages prior to help-seeking. Each attitude had distinct implications for help-seeking (e.g. superficial help-seeking; scaffolding by others; helps-seeking at transitions; self-sufficiency, indirect disclosure).Conclusions Emerging adults with first-episode EDs show a distinct set of help-seeking-related challenges and opportunities. These may justify policies and practice tailored specifically to this population group.

scholarly journals A Review of Completed and Ongoing Complement Inhibitor Trials for Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Omar A. Halawa ◽  
Jonathan B. Lin ◽  
Joan W. Miller ◽  
Demetrios G. Vavvas
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Western World ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Complement Protein ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Complement Inhibition ◽  
Exudative Amd ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness among older adults in the Western world. While therapies exist for patients with exudative AMD, there are currently no approved therapies for non-exudative AMD and its advanced form of geographic atrophy (GA). The discovery of genetic variants in complement protein loci with increased susceptibility to AMD has led to the investigation of the role of complement inhibition in AMD with a focus on GA. Here, we review completed and ongoing clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of these studies. Overall, complement inhibition in GA has yielded mixed results. The inhibition of complement factor D has failed pivotal phase 3 trials. Studies of C3 and C5 inhibition meeting their primary endpoint are limited by high rates of discontinuation and withdrawal in the treatment arm and higher risks of conversion to exudative AMD. Studies evaluating other complement members (CFB, CFH, CFI and inhibitors of membrane attack complex—CD59) are ongoing and could offer other viable strategies.

scholarly journals Cognitive and School Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: A Critical Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D Dick ◽  
Rebecca Pillai Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child’s overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children’s function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential gains from such research warrant a pursuit of such work. Much remains to be studied on this important topic.

scholarly journals Developmental Trajectory of Audiovisual Speech Integration in Early Infancy. A Review of Studies Using the McGurk Paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tomalski
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Apart from their remarkable phonological skills young infants prior to their first birthday show ability to match the mouth articulation they see with the speech sounds they hear. They are able to detect the audiovisual conflict of speech and to selectively attend to articulating mouth depending on audiovisual congruency. Early audiovisual speech processing is an important aspect of language development, related not only to phonological knowledge, but also to language production during subsequent years. Th is article reviews recent experimental work delineating the complex developmental trajectory of audiovisual mismatch detection. Th e central issue is the role of age-related changes in visual scanning of audiovisual speech and the corresponding changes in neural signatures of audiovisual speech processing in the second half of the first year of life. Th is phenomenon is discussed in the context of recent theories of perceptual development and existing data on the neural organisation of the infant ‘social brain’.

Usability Evaluation of Telepresence Interfaces for Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Xian Wu ◽  
Jenay M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Age Related

Telepresence has the potential to assist older adults to stay socially connected and to access telehealth. Telepresence was initially created for office use, thus the usability of telepresence for older adults remains unknown and there is a lack of design recommendations, particularly those with an emphasis on users’ age-related needs and limitations. To bridge the gap, this study assessed two telepresence user interfaces (UIs). One UI was designed to mimic common features founds in commercially available telepresence systems. Another UI was designed based on design guidelines for older adults. Each UI was integrated to a virtual driving environment created via Unity. To assess the usability of both UIs, thirty older adults participated in usability testing. Questionnaires and semi-structured interview were administered following each UI test sessions. Results of this study provide insight on what usability features are critical for the aging population to use telepresence, such as high color contrast, automated controls, and consistent icons.

Age-related alterations in forebrain mechanisms of chronic pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S29
Author(s):  
P. Paulson ◽  
D. Camp ◽  
T. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Age Related Changes in the Executive Function of Colombian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Cadavid Ruiz ◽  
Pablo Del Río ◽  
Jaime Egido ◽  
Purificación Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Type Of School

Executive Function (EF) is a higher cognitive process responsible for control and self-regulation of behavior. The aim of this study is to describe the developmental trajectory of EF in four and six-year old Colombian children, and to highlight possible differences by socio-cultural variables such as age, sex, type of school or socio-economic status. One hundred and sixty-three normotypical children were tested using psychological tests validated for a Spanish population belonging to the Weschler and Luria Initial batteries. HJ-biplot analysis showed that EF developed commensurate with age and school grade, although differences by socio-economic status and type of school were evident.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE IMPLICIT MIND THEORY AT PEOPLE DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Telcharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mind Theory

The article presents the psychological analysis of the implicit mind theory and its research methods. The main problems of empirical research in psychology are briefly described. The main problems of research of the mind theory are highlighted; and the status of this phenomenon’s in scientific psychology is defined. The implicit mind theory is defined as a psychological quality expressed in the ability to explain and attribute mental states – beliefs, desires, emotions, knowledge, etc. – to themselves and others; as well as understanding that others have different beliefs, desires, intentions, and attitudes. Current difficulties in the research on the implicit mind theory are described. Age-related features of formation of the implicit mind theory are depicted. The latest scientific studies on the implicit mind theory are highlighted. Biological correlates of the theory are shown. It is also described that in the case of an alcohol addiction, certain brain areas that are known to be neurological correlates of the implicit mind theory are damaged. The main research methods, which are separated into three groups, are highlighted. The first group includes methods that study the implicit mind theory using behavioural experiment with special tasks. The second group includes methods that use semi-structured interview. The third group includes methods where respondents are asked to identify an emotion or an affective state of another person based on the visual stimuli (photo, picture etc.).The main methods of research of this psychological phenomenon, features, procedure, advantages, and disadvantages are described in detail. The most appropriate methods to examine addicts’ implicit mind theory are proposed. The procedure of investigation and psychological assessment of the implicit mind theory for people dependent on psychoactive substances is offered.

scholarly journals Pán Péterek? - avagy létezik-e kapunyítási pánik a szakképzésből kikerülő fiataloknál - egy vizsgálat utóélete

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kricsfalusi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Avoidance Strategy ◽  
Key Questions

A tanulmány a Pán Péter Szindrómát, valamint a Kapunyitási Pánikot, az utóbbi évtized közkedvelt kifejezéseit és jelenségeit vizsgálja a felnőttkorba lépő, szakképzésből kikerülő fiatalok körében. Központi kérdései: Miért alakulhatott ki? Miért most? Létezik e valóban, vagy csak az elkerülési stratégiák egyik válfajáról van szó? Milyen jelenségek együttese okozza a kialakulását? Vannak- e életkori sajátosságok, amik hajlamosító tényezőkké válhatnak? Vannak-e nemi különbségek a jelenség megjelenésénél? A kérdések megválaszolásával próbálom igazolni, hogy Pán Péter szindróma helyett inkább egy speciális, életciklus váltás okozta krízis állapotról beszélhetünk. Kulcsszavak: Pán Péter szindróma, kapunyitási pánik, krízisállapot, quaterlife crisis, fiatalok, posztadoleszcencia, emerging adulthood, korszakváltás, identitás státusz, szorongás, elkerülési stratégia, depresszió Diszciplina: pszichológia, szociológia, neveléstudomány The study examines the Peter Pan Syndrome and the Quarterlife Crisis, two well-known phenomena which occur among young adults finishing their vocational training.The key questions are: Why do they happen? Why at this time? Do they really exist or are they just some types of avoidance strategies? What circumstances cause their emergence? Are there any age-related factors that may predispose their occurrence? Are there any gender differences in their appearance?Answering these questions I have come to the conclusion that instead of the Peter Pan Syndrome what we face is rather a special state of crisis caused by the life cycle transition. Keywords: Peter Pan Syndrome, quaterlife crisis, crisis status, young adults, post-adolescent, emerging adulthood, identity status, anxiety, avoidance strategy, depressionDisciplines: psychology, sociology, pedagogy

scholarly journals Current Clinical Evidence on Rapid Deployment Aortic Valve Replacement: Sutureless Aortic Bioprostheses

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Barnhart ◽  
Malakh Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Western World ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Rapid Deployment

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the Western world. It is caused primarily by age-related degeneration and progressive calcification typically detected in patients 65 years and older. In patients presenting with symptoms of heart failure, the average survival rate is only 2 years without appropriate treatment. Approximately one half of all patients die within the first 2 to 3 years of symptom onset. In addition, the age of the patients presenting for aortic valve replacement (AVR) is increased along with the demographic changes. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database shows that the number of patients older than 80 years has increased from 12% to 24% during the past 20 years. At the same time, the percentage of candidates requiring AVR as well as concomitant coronary bypass surgery has increased from 5% to 25%. Surgical AVR continues to be the criterion standard for treatment of aortic stenosis, improving survival and quality of life. Recent advances in prosthetic valve technology, such as transcatheter AVR, have expanded the indication for AVR to the extreme high-risk population, and the most recent surgical innovation, rapid deployment AVR, provides an additional tool to the surgeons’ armamentarium.

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