Screening for Harassment, Abuse, and Discrimination among Surgery Residents: An EAST Multicenter Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Fitzgerald ◽  
Randi N. Smith ◽  
Xian Luo-Owen ◽  
David Turay ◽  
Paula Ferrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Teaching ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
The Impact

Estimating the prevalence of harassment, verbal abuse, and discrimination among residents is difficult as events are often under-reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of discrimination and abuse among surgical residents using the HITS (Hurt, Insulted, Threatened with harm or Screamed at) screening tool. A multicenter, cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted at five academic teaching hospitals. Of 310 residents, 76 (24.5%) completed the survey. The HITS screening tool was positive in 3.9 per cent. The most common forms of abuse included sexual harassment (28.9%), discrimination based on gender (15.7%), and discrimination based on ethnicity (7.9%). There was a positive correlation between individuals who reported gender discrimination and racial discrimination (r = 0.778, n = 13, P = 0.002). Individuals who experienced insults were more likely to experience physical threats (r = 0.437, n = 79, P < 0.001) or verbal abuse (r = 0.690, n = 79, P < 0.001). Discrimination and harassment among surgical residents in academic teaching hospitals across the United States is not uncommon. Further research is needed to determine the impact of these findings on resident attrition.

scholarly journals Exploring discrimination towards pharmacists in practice settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Lik D. Chun ◽  
Rebecca Ye ◽  
Kyle J. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phase Discrimination ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Background:  Discrimination towards pharmacists, as a public-facing health professional group, is reported but not well-studied. Objectives:  The aims of this study were to identify accounts of discrimination in pharmacy practice and to explore the nature and impacts of and discrimination experienced by pharmacists. Methods:  A cross-sectional survey was emailed to practice-based preceptors associated with the School of Pharmacy at the University of Otago. The survey included demographic questions, in addition to questions asking about the frequency and sources of different types of discrimination and abuse encountered in practice. Survey respondents could also provide their contact information for follow-up interviews. Interviews occurred after completion of the survey to better understand the nature of discrimination in pharmacy practice. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted to identify pertinent themes. Results: A total of 43 participants completed the survey. A total of 29 (67.4%) respondents reported experiencing discrimination in pharmacy practice. The most common types of discrimination experienced included discrimination based on gender, appearance, or past, present, or expected pregnancy. Verbal abuse and sexual harassment were also frequently reported. Most discrimination was sourced from patients, colleagues, or supervisors/leaders. Discrimination specific to pregnancy was largely sourced from supervisors/leaders. Verbal abuse was sources primarily from patients, patient’s family, supervisors/leaders, and other healthcare professionals. Patients were the primary source of sexual harassment. Three themes were identified from the interview phase: Discrimination occurs for a variety of reasons from different sources with different behaviors, the impact on a person is individualized/personal, and preventative strategies can be broad and encompass multiple layers of society. Conclusions:  Findings of this study support the notion that training programs must adjust to adequately train pharmacists with effective coping strategies, prevention mechanisms, and resilience building strategies. Pharmacist employers should also be accountable to creating zero tolerance workplaces and providing route maps for how pharmacists report and navigate situations when faced with discrimination. Doing so may result in a better equipped workforce that is able to navigate the pressures encountered through discrimination in practice.

scholarly journals The Impact of Educational Attainment on Black Women’s Obesity Rate in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenetta Denise Curry
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOver the last two decades, Black women have been disproportionately impacted by the obesity epidemic in the USA. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 56.6% of Black women are overweight or obese compared with 44.4% Hispanic and 32.8% of white women. Social scientists and public health researchers have argued that increasing educational attainment would lead to overall improvements in health outcomes. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, Cycles 1999–2010, I examined how educational attainment impacts Black women’s rate of obesity and C-reactive protein levels (N = 2685). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and educational attainment. C-reactive protein, inflammation response, was used to measure the body’s reaction to being exposed to stress. The results demonstrated that educational attainment among Black women does not decrease their risk of being obese or levels of C-reactive protein. This article provides evidence to support a need to increase awareness of health disparities that disproportionately impact Black women.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the chiropractic profession: a cross-sectional survey on opinions, professional changes, and personal hardships of U.S. chiropractors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M Neff ◽  
Rebecca L. Deyo ◽  
Annabelle L. Mac Auley ◽  
Dana J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Manipulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chiropractic Profession ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Currently, there are few studies analyzing how COVID-19 has impacted the chiropractic profession. A recent paper, however, analyzed changes made to chiropractic practice by comparing the 7 different international regions represented by the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC). In overall healthcare, there is limited research on specialty-based stress levels both before and during COVID-19. Our survey was conducted to collect self-reported data on how COVID-19 has affected U.S. doctors of chiropractic.Methods: An electronic survey was sent to U.S. chiropractors nationwide via social media and email. The survey collected personal and practice demographic information, office protocols, changes made during COVID-19, chiropractic profession opinions/stances, information related to stress, and personal beliefs/opinions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: 750 U.S. chiropractors responded. Just over half of respondents reported moderate levels of stress, and just over 30% reported severe levels due to a variety of reasons related to both personal and professional circumstances. The primary stressors were financial and business concerns. The highest stress levels were among employers responsible for others. A majority reported beliefs that the chiropractic profession should not advertise that spinal manipulation provides any immune system benefit. 13% of the respondents believed chiropractors should be marketing immune benefits during this time. A shift toward telehealth was reported, with 18% adding it to their services.Conclusion: Stress levels were high across the population. A range of opinions existed regarding spinal manipulation and immunity benefits. The majority reported there was not sufficient evidence to support such a belief; however, a group of respondents believed that chiropractors should be marketing immune-enhancing benefits to the population. A logical next step would be to study why such beliefs persist. This information may be useful in better understanding how chiropractors have experienced the global effects of COVID-19 across the United States.

The caregiver burden in lupus: findings from UNVEIL, a national online lupus survey in the United States

Lupus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Al Sawah ◽  
R P Daly ◽  
S A Foster ◽  
A N Naegeli ◽  
K Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Lupus imposes a substantial burden on patients; however, little is known about its impact on those caring for patients with the disease. In this study, we examined the impact ‘caring for patients with lupus’ has on caregivers from their own perspective. Methods: UNVEIL was a one-time online national cross-sectional survey developed in partnership with the Lupus Foundation of America and fielded targeting the US Lupus Foundation of America constituents in 2014. Eligible caregivers were adults who self-identified as unpaid caregivers of patients with lupus. Eligible caregivers had to complete a series of sociodemographic questions as well as a series of well established outcome measures, such as the Short Form 12v2 Health Survey, the Work Productivity and Activity Index, the Caregiver Burden Inventory, and the Perceived Benefits of Caregiving Scale. Results: A total of 253 caregivers completed the survey. The majority of caregivers (90.1%) were aged 60 years or younger, more than half (54.2%) were men, and more than half (59.7%) identified themselves as either a spouse or a partner to the patient with lupus they were caring for. Overall health-related quality of life was close to the norm mean of the general US population. Caregivers who were employed missed an average of 12.8% of paid work time due to caregiving responsibilities and reported a 33.5% reduction in on-the-job effectiveness. Nearly half of the caregivers surveyed (49.4%) indicated that their caregiving responsibilities impacted their ability to socialize with friends, and almost all caregivers (97.6%) reported experiencing increased anxiety and stress in relation to their caregiving role. Conclusions: Caregiving for patients with lupus has a substantial impact on the work productivity and the social and emotional functioning of caregivers. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should continually assess the impact of healthcare decisions on the well-being of those caring for patients with lupus.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Chiropractic Profession: A Cross-Sectional Survey on opinions, professional changes, and personal hardships of U.S. Chiropractors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M Neff ◽  
Rebecca L. Deyo ◽  
Annabelle L. Mac Auley ◽  
Dana J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Spinal Manipulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chiropractic Profession ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Currently, there are few studies analyzing how COVID-19 has impacted the chiropractic profession. A recent paper, however, analyzed changes made to chiropractic practice by comparing the 7 different international regions represented by the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC). In overall healthcare, there is limited research on specialty-based stress levels both before and during COVID-19. Our survey was conducted to collect self-reported data on how COVID-19 has affected U.S. doctors of chiropractic. Methods : An electronic survey was sent to U.S. chiropractors nationwide via social media, email, and through Facebook groups. The survey collected personal and practice demographic information, practice protocols and changes made during COVID-19, chiropractic profession opinions/stances, information related to stress, and personal beliefs/opinions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results : 750 U.S. chiropractors responded. Just over half of respondents reported moderate levels of stress, and just over 30% reported severe levels due to a variety of reasons related to both personal and professional circumstances. The primary stressors were financial and business concerns. The highest stress levels were among employers responsible for others. A majority reported beliefs that the chiropractic profession should not advertise that spinal manipulation provides any immune system benefit. 13% of the respondents did believe chiropractors should be marketing immune benefits during this time. A shift toward telehealth was reported, with 18% adding it to their services. Conclusion : Stress levels were high across the population. A range of opinions existed regarding spinal manipulation and immunity benefits. The majority reported there was not sufficient evidence to support such a belief; however, 13% of respondents believe that chiropractors should be marketing immune-enhancing benefits to the population. A logical next step would be to study why such beliefs persist. This information may be useful in better understanding how chiropractors have experienced the global effects of COVID-19 across the United States. Key Words : Chiropractic; COVID-19; Stress; Practice Characteristics; Immune System

scholarly journals Changes in surgical practice by surgical residents and consultants during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kamran Azam ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Mirza ◽  
Usama Aziz ◽  
Warda Tahir ◽  
Nishant Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Almost All

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical practice is greatly changed as a strategy to prevent infection to the health care workers. This study was done to see what changes have been made in the surgical practice by the surgical consultants and residents in various surgical disciplines. Methods: A Survey form was developed on the “Google Forms” application and distributed to surgical consultants and residents. The submission was received online during May 2020. The collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS V.23. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Quantitative data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Overall, 272 consultants and residents from 45 teaching hospitals from Pakistan and around the world participated in the survey. Among the participants, 100 (36.8%) were surgical consultants and 172 (63.2%) were surgical residents. About 42% of participants were not performing elective surgeries during this pandemic of COVID-19 but almost all participants were performing emergency surgeries (93%). Over 60% of the respondents admitted that their practice is either reduced to more than 50% or completely shut down during this pandemic. Over 80% stated that their training activities were compromised due to the pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected surgical practice both in the public and corporate sectors. Elective surgeries are affected the most in addition to the suspension of training activities of the residents.

scholarly journals The Association of PPE Availability, Training and Practices with COVID-19 Sero-prevalence in Nurses and Paramedics in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Najib Ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Healthcare Profession ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nurses and paramedics by being the frontline workers of the healthcare profession need to be equipped with the relevant knowledge, skills and protective gears against different forms of infection, including COVID-19. Though the governments and concerned stakeholders have provided P.P.E.s, training and information to protect the healthcare professionals, however until now the scientific literature has virtually not reported the impact of P.P.Es availability, training and practices on the COVID-19 sero-prevalence among the nurses and paramedics. Objective This study aimed to assess the Impact of P.P.Es availability, training and practices on COVID-19 sero-prevalence among nurses and paramedics in teaching hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 133 nurses and paramedics as subjects of the study. Results A univariate analysis was done for four variables. The findings indicate that the healthcare professionals (nurses & paramedics) who have received P.P.Es on time at the start of COVID-19 emergence has fewer chances of contracting the COVID-19 infection (O.R = 0.96); while the odds for P.P.Es supplies was 0.73, and the odds of hand hygiene training was 0.95. Conclusion The study concluded that the availability of the P.P.E.s, COVID-19 related training and compliance with W.H.O recommended practices against COVID-19 were instrumental in protection against the infection and its spread.

The impact of a cancer diagnosis on worker productivity: Results from a survey of cancer patients and caregivers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Suepattra Grace May ◽  
Kevin Chiu ◽  
Joanna P. MacEwan ◽  
Katalin Bognar ◽  
Desi Peneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Impact

144 Background: Traditional approaches to capturing health-related productivity loss--e.g. the human capital method--focus only on the foregone wages of affected patients, overlooking the losses caregivers can incur. Thus, the value of lost productivity is often underestimated. This study comprehensively estimates and describes work-related productivity losses due to a cancer diagnosis among working-age (18-65) breast cancer (BC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and their unpaid caregivers in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of BC and NSCLC patients and caregivers measured loss associated with time absent from work (absenteeism) and reduced effectiveness (presenteeism). Respondents reported pre- and post-cancer diagnosis income, hours worked, and time to complete tasks. Exploratory multivariable analyses examined correlations between respondents’ clinical and demographic characteristics—including industry of employment—and post-diagnosis productivity. Results: Of 204 patients (104 BC, 100 NSCLC) and 200 caregivers (100 BC, 100 NSCLC) who completed the survey, 319 participants (162 BC, 157 NSCLC) working ≥40 weeks/year pre-diagnosis were included in the analysis. Over a third of the NSCLC (33%) and BC (43%) patients left the workforce post-diagnosis, whereas 15% of caregivers left. Estimated mean annual productivity loss equaled $125,975 ($50,328 using traditional method) for NSCLC patients and $120,404 ($37,445 using traditional method) for BC. For caregivers, estimated mean annual productivity loss was $97,062 ($39,751 using traditional method) for NSCLC and $123,669 ($33,410 using traditional method) for BC. Exploratory analyses found that greater patient age and later stage at diagnosis were correlated with greater absenteeism. Conclusions: Although patients typically experience greater absenteeism, productivity loss incurred by caregivers is also substantial. Our results underscore the importance of holistic approaches to understanding the broad impact of cancer on both patients and their caregivers.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Safety Recommendations on Adults Age 60 and Older: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 959-959
Author(s):  
Kerstin Emerson ◽  
Deborah Kim ◽  
George Mois ◽  
Jenay Beer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In March 2020, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) began recommending social distancing and sheltering in place, in particular for older adults. This resulted in many older adults staying at home for long periods of time in relative isolation. Because there is little prior evidence of the emotional impact that this has on older adults, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study on how older adults felt during the first three to five weeks of the CDC recommendations. We fielded a web-based cross-sectional survey. Our analytic sample consisted of 673 respondents aged 60 and older who respondent to the prompt: “How are you feeling during this time of social distancing?”. We used a thematic bottom-up qualitative analysis, via MAXQDA, to analyze segments into general affect codes and detailed emotion subcodes, as well as coping mechanisms. Results showed that while many older adults reported neutral (9%) or positive (9%) affect, a larger proportion reported negative affect (42%) or reported mixed affect (35%). The most common negative emotions mentioned were anxiety and loneliness/boredom, while the most common positive emotions mentioned were optimism and feeling grateful. The most common coping mechanisms reported by participants included making life adjustments, keeping busy, prayer/spirituality, and mediation/mindfulness. This study provides an initial understanding into how older adults experienced and coped with the first stages of restricting social interactions. If social distancing continues to be a recommended disease-containment strategy, information about how older adults are coping can be critical for public health interventions. Implications will be discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document