Does Human Amnion Membrane Prevent Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Nemec ◽  
Hany Atalah ◽  
Melissa Kling ◽  
Larry Nichols ◽  
Bowen Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tissue Matrix

Background Adhesions are bands of tissue that form postoperatively after intra-abdominal surgery. Adhesions cause significant morbidity and despite ongoing research no agent or method has been shown to completely prevent adhesions. Human amnion-derived matrix is a complex tissue matrix derived from human placenta and has been used in other areas of surgery to promote healing and decrease scar tissue formation. Our hypothesis was that aerosolized human amnion-derived matrix particulate solution (HAMPS) applied during abdominal surgery would decrease adhesion formation in rats. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 was the control group (CG) which had cecal abrasion 20× with a surgical rasp to generate the adhesion model. Groups 2-4 were the treatment groups (TGs) and had cecal abrasion plus application of the HAMPS at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/cc, respectively. After 30 days, rats were euthanized and adhesion assessment performed. Results In all groups there were minimal adhesions noted at necropsy. Moderate inflammation was 33% in CG versus 11% in combined TGs. Average adhesion was 1.00 in CG versus 0.44 in combined TGs. This indicated an observational improvement in adhesions/inflammation in the TGs, although this did not reach statistical significance. There was a trend toward significance in the 12.5 mg/cc group alone ( P = .054). Conclusion Overall, HAMPS showed an observational decrease in adhesions in TGs although not statistically significant. There was a trend toward significance in the 12.5 mg group. Additional studies will have to be performed to further evaluate this subgroup.

scholarly journals Sustained Tau Phosphorylation and Microglial Activation Following Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan ◽  
Rr Suzy Indharty ◽  
Jessy Chrestella ◽  
Wismaji Sadewo ◽  
Steven Tandean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sham Control Group ◽  
Cd 68

BACKGROUND: Repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI), even without acute sequela, can induce a delayed neurodegenerative with overexpression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) as hallmark, caused by chronic inflammation mediated in part by microglial activation. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of p-tau accumulation and microglial activation following repetitive TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into a sham control group and two treatment groups receiving three successive closed-skull impacts (TBI model) from a 40-g mass dropped from a 1-m height on alternating days (days 0, 1, 3, and 7). The first treatment group was sacrificed on the last day of trauma and the second treatment group after 7 days of no trauma. The expression level of p-tau was evaluated by AT-8 antibody immunostaining and microglial activation by anti-CD-68 immunostaining. RESULTS: Immunoexpression of AT-8 was significantly elevated 7 days after TBI compared to the last day of trauma and compared to the sham control group, while CD-68 expression was significantly higher than sham controls on the last day of trauma and remained elevated for 7 days without trauma. CONCLUSION: The study showed that brain trauma can induce p-tau overexpression and microglial activation that is sustained during the non-trauma period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of adhesion barrier types in a rat hepatectomy-induced adhesion model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Shimizu ◽  
Miho Kai ◽  
Masako Tasaki ◽  
Naotaka Chino ◽  
Kiyoshi Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Adhesion Barrier ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adhesion Model

Abstract Background: Adhesion formation after hepatectomy creates problems for repeat hepatectomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a spray (AdSpray) and sheet adhesion barrier (Seprafilm) in a rat hepatectomy-induced adhesion model.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent partial resection of the left lateral liver lobe. They were randomly assigned to control (n=10), AdSpray (n=10), and Seprafilm groups. Seven days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and adhesions at the hepatic resection surface were blindly evaluated.Results: In the control group, adhesions were formed in all 10 animals (100%), with a 69% adhesion extent (mean). In the AdSpray group, the incidence of adhesions (40%) and the adhesion extent (mean, 10%) were significantly lower than in the control group. In the Seprafilm group, the adhesion extent (mean, 30%) was significantly lower than in the control group. As for histopathological examination, animals in the AdSpray group showed a similar healing profile to that of the control group without delayed healing and regeneration of mesothelial cells. In contrast, the Seprafilm group showed ongoing foreign body reaction to Seprafilm, and regeneration of mesothelial cells was immature at 7 days.Conclusions: Both the spray-type gel and sheet adhesion barriers significantly reduced adhesion formation after hepatectomy. The spray-type adhesion barrier caused no adverse events and induced favorable healing. These adhesion barriers may be effective in hepatectomy.

scholarly journals S207. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH 1METIQ INDUCES PRO-COGNITIVE EFFECT ON RECOGNITION MEMORY IN KETAMINE MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S117-S117
Author(s):  
Magdalena Białoń ◽  
Agnieszka Wąsik ◽  
Marcelina Żarnowska
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cognitive Effect

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder that affects 1% of world population and cause long-term disability (Mueser and McGurk, 2004). Manifestation of the illness can be distinguished into three groups – positive, negative and cognitive symptoms (van Os, 2009). However, cognitive ones (e.g. memory deficits) seem to remain resistant to pharmacotherapy (Cerveri et al., 2019). Memory deficits, as a symptoms of schizophrenia, may be modeled in animals by using a specified dose of ketamine and measured in novel object recognition (NOR) test (Lafionatis et al., 2019). 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) is an endogenous amine present and synthesized in the mammalian brain with neuroprotective properties (Antkiewicz-Michaluk et al., 2014) and our last study have shown anxiolytic action of 1MeTIQ in rat model of schizophrenia (Wąsik et al., 2019) therefore we decided to define a potential of 1MeTIQ to exhibit pro-cognitive effect on memory in ketamine-treated rats. Methods NOR test consisted of adaptation (24h before testing) and two phases (T1 and T2, with 1-hour interval). Exploration times of each objects, preference (PI) and discrimination (DI) indexes were measured. Microdialysis was performed to asses glutamate release in frontal cortex. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. The control group received saline injections. Animals received acute ketamine (20mg/kg, i.p.) or chronic (7x) administration of1MeTIQ (50mg/kg, i.p.). The combined group received single dose of ketamine 30 minutes after last dose of 1MeTIQ. Results In T1 phase of NOR, there were no changes between exploration times of two identical objects. In T2 phase with two different objects, we observed no significant changes in group treated with ketamine. 1MeTIQ given alone increased the difference between time of objects exploration. In combined group, 1MeTIQ completely reversed the effect of ketamine. Ketamine tended, however, without statistical significance, to decrease PI and DI. Treatment with 1MeTIQ did not change mentioned indexes. In microdialysis study, we observed no significant changes in glutamate release in any group. Discussion We demonstrated that chronic administration of 1MeTIQ may improve recognition memory function. However, we didn’t observe changes in glutamate release. We suggest that pro-cognitive effect of 1MeTIQ is associated with its impact on monoamine metabolism.

R422 – EMMPRIN as a Novel Target in Head and Neck Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P185-P185
Author(s):  
Seena Safavy ◽  
Dean Nichole ◽  
John Robert Newman ◽  
Zhang Wenyue ◽  
David Michael Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Novel Target

Problem To determine if blocking EMMPRIN function in vivo inhibits tumor growth alone or when combined with radiation therapy in a preclinical model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods Immunodeficient mice bearing SCC-1 subcutaneous xenografts were sorted into four treatment groups: anti-EMMPRIN antibody alone, anti-EMMPRIN antibody in combination with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and untreated control groups (n = 7 per group). Each animal in the treatment groups received a total dose of 1.2 mg of antibody and/or 12 Gy of 60Co radiation, biweekly over three weeks. To investigate possible mechanisms of action for anti-EMMPRIN therapy, xenograft samples from the control group and antibody alone group were analyzed for proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (TUNEL). Furthermore, the expressions of EMMPRIN induced cytokines were assessed by ELISA, including IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF. Results Two weeks after completion of treatment, mean tumor surface area for the antibody alone group was smaller than the untreated group (P = 0.0006), as was the radiation alone group (P = 0.0029), while combination therapy yielded optimal results (P = 0.0003). Anti-EMMPRIN antibody treated tumors had a significant reduction in proliferation (P = 0.007), and analysis of in vivo apoptosis by TUNEL assay showed a higher number of cells undergoing apoptosis in the treatment group (18%) vs. untreated (5%; P = 0.087), although this failed to reach statistical significance. Treatment of xenografted tumors resulted in decreased expression of IL-1? (P = 0.0079), IL-6 (P = 0.077), IL-8 (P= 0.1481), and VEGF (P = 0.0538) when compared to animals receiving no treatment. Conclusion This data suggests that blocking EMMPRIN function in vivo inhibits tumor cell proliferation and sensitizes tumor xenografts to radiation in vivo. Significance EMMPRIN may represent a novel target for treatment in head and neck cancer. Support This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI K08CA102154) and the National Institute of Health (2T32 CA091078-06).

scholarly journals Effect of You-Gui Yin on the Activities of Seven Cytochrome P450 Isozymes in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Ting Jiang ◽  
Shizhong Hong ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Venous Plexus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plasma Pharmacokinetics ◽  
P450 Isozymes ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Isozymes ◽  
Interaction Between Drugs

You-Gui Yin (YGY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction composed of eight Chinese herbs. The interaction between TCM and Western medicine has attracted much attention nowadays. It is therefore necessary to study the clinical application of YGY in combination with Western medicine from the perspective of metabolic enzymes. This study aims to investigate the effect of YGY on the activities of seven CYP450 isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) in rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: high, middle, and low-dose YGY-treated groups and the control group. They were given 13.78, 20.67, and 31 g/kg/d YGY decoction by oral administration and normal saline (10 mL/kg), respectively, for 14 days. Half an hour after the last administration, a mixed probe substrate (1 mg/kg) was administered by tail vein injection. Then, blood was taken from the venous plexus at different time points. The protein expression level of the CYP450 enzymes in the control and treatment groups was determined by western blot. The effect of YGY on the activity of CYP isoenzymes was studied by comparing the plasma pharmacokinetics between the control and treatment groups. Compared with the control group, YGY at a high (31 g/kg) dosage could decrease AUC(0–t), AUC(0–∞) and Cmax of diclofenac, omeprazole, and midazolam by at least 35.4%, while increase CL by at least 88.9%; this revealed that YGY could induce CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. The results show that when we use You-Gui Yin decoction in combination with other drugs, especially drugs metabolized by CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 enzymes, the interaction between drugs needs special attention.

scholarly journals Effect of the Phragmitis Rhizoma Aqueous Extract on the Pharmacokinetics of Docetaxel in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Sarah Shin ◽  
No Soo Kim ◽  
Young Ah Kim ◽  
Hea Ry Oh ◽  
Ok-Sun Bang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Mass Spectrometry System ◽  
Phragmitis Rhizoma

Background: Traditionally, Phragmitis rhizoma has been prescribed to relive a fever, vomiting, dysuria, and constipation, and to promote secretion of fluids. In addition, recent studies have reported its efficacy as a diuretic and antiemetic. Our previous study demonstrated that the Phragmitis rhizoma aqueous extract (EPR) ameliorates docetaxel (DTX)-induced myelotoxicity. Aim and Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of EPR on the pharmacokinetics of DTX in Sprague–Dawley rats. Materials & Methods: The animals received an intravenous injection of DTX (5 mg/kg) with or without oral EPR (100 mg/kg) pretreatment for 1 or 6 days. The pharmacokinetics of plasma DTX was analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated via noncompartmental analysis. Results: Relative to the control group (DTX alone), EPR pretreatment did not affect significantly the overall profiles of plasma DTX levels. Consecutively pretreated EPR for 6 days slightly altered AUC0-t and Cmax of DTX by 122 and 145.9%, respectively, but these data did not reach the threshold of statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that DTX exposure may not be affected by EPR treatment at the dose level used in this study, suggesting that oral EPR can be used safely when taken with intravenously injected DTX. However, further studies under the stringent conditions are needed when chronic treatment of EPR and anticancer drug.

Use of pimecrolimus to prevent epidural fibrosis in a postlaminectomy rat model

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berker Cemil ◽  
Kagan Tun ◽  
Erkan Kaptanoglu ◽  
Figen Kaymaz ◽  
Banu Cevirgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lumbar Level ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Preventive Effects

Object Epidural fibrosis is the scar tissue formed over the dura mater after a laminectomy. Extensive epidural fibrosis may be an important underlying cause of failed back syndrome. Pimecrolimus, an ascomycin derivative, is one of the new classes of immunomodulating macrolactams and was specifically developed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This study examined the preventive effects of the local application of pimecrolimus in minimizing spinal epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 equal groups: control, mitomycin C (MMC), and pimecrolimus groups. Each rat underwent a laminectomy at the L-3 lumbar level. In the experimental groups, a cotton pad soaked with MMC (0.5 mg/ml) or 5 mg pimecrolimus was placed on the exposed dura mater. No treatment was performed in the control group rats. Thirty days after surgery, the rats were killed and the dura mater thickness, epidural fibrosis, and arachnoidal involvement were quantified. Results The mean dura thickness was measured at 9.28 ± 3.39 μm in the MMC group and at 8.69 ± 2.32 μm in the pimecrolimus group, compared with 14.70 ± 4.14 μm in the control group. In addition, the epidural fibrosis and arachnoidal involvement were reduced significantly in the treatment groups compared with the control group. Conclusions In this animal model, it was shown that locally applied pimecrolimus effectively reduces epidural fibrosis and dural adherence in rats that underwent lumbar laminectomy. Mitomycin C was equally effective as pimecrolimus in reducing epidural fibrosis and dural adherence in this study.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Synthetic Heparan Sulfate on the Healing of Colonic Anastomoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Malene Nerstrøm ◽  
Peter-Martin Krarup ◽  
Lars Nannestad Jorgensen ◽  
Magnus S. Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colonic Anastomoses ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Heparan Sulfates ◽  
Biomechanical Strength ◽  
Mimetic Compound

Background. The mimetic compound OTR4120 may replace endogenous-degraded heparan sulfates that normally maintain the bioactivity of growth factors that are important for tissue repair. Herein, we investigated the effect of OTR4120 on the healing of normal colonic anastomoses. Methods. We evaluated the following two treatment groups of male Sprague Dawley rats (220–256 g): control-treated colonic anastomoses (n=25) and OTR4120-treated colonic anastomoses (n=25). We resected 10 mm of the left colon and then applied either saline alone (control) or OTR4120 (100 μg/mL) in saline to the colonic ends before an end-to-end single-layer anastomosis was constructed and again on the anastomosis before the abdomen and skin were closed. Results. On postoperative day 3, the anastomotic breaking strengths were 1.47 ± 0.32 N (mean ± SD) in the control group and 1.52 ± 0.27 N in the OTR4120-treated animals (P=0.622). We also found that the hydroxyproline concentration (indicator of collagen) in the anastomotic wounds did not differ (P=0.571) between the two groups. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that a single local application of OTR4120 intraoperatively did not increase the biomechanical strength of colonic anastomoses at the critical postoperative day 3 when the anastomoses are the weakest.

scholarly journals Human Amniotic Membrane Is Not Suitable for the Grafting of Colon Lesions and Prevention of Adhesions in a Xenograft Rat Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Barski ◽  
Holger Gerullis ◽  
Thorsten Ecke ◽  
Gabriella Varga ◽  
Mihaly Boros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Over Time

Introduction. New biological materials are needed for specific applications in reconstructive bowel surgery and for the prevention of adhesion formation. Amniotic membranes (AMs) are assumed to have a number of unique characteristics that enhance the ingrowth of the surrounding tissue. The aim of the present study was to provide proof of these qualities in a xenograft model. Materials and methods. A multilayer human AM (HAM) was applied to repair defined colon wall defects in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18). The control group was repaired with a suture (n = 6). The animals were killed humanely at 7, 21, and 42 days after implantation. Adhesions and perioperative complications were examined. Histological and immunohistological analyses were performed to assess a number of parameters, including degradation of the HAM, inflammation, graft rejection, and smooth muscle ingrowth. Results. Two rats in the treated group died. No other severe complications were observed. Adhesion formation was more prominently visible in the HAM group ( P < .05). The initially increased inflammation in the HAM group reduced over time but remained significantly increased ( P < .05). The HAM degraded over time and a subtle transient glomerulitis could be observed. Conclusion. HAMs were found to increase adhesion formation and were not suitable for bowel augmentation in the presented xenograft model.

scholarly journals ALTERATION OF CYP3A1 mRNA LEVEL IN PRIMARY RAT HEPATOCYTES IN RESPONSE TO AMPK ACTIVE ATOR AICAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e23-29
Author(s):  
Bang-Sub Lee ◽  
Jooyoung Kim ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes

Background and Objective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a sensor of the intracellular energy status that can be stimulated by a synthetic activator, 5-aminoimidazole–4–carboxamide–1–beta–D–ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is used to replicate the effect of physical exercise in hepatocyte embryoid bodies. This study investigated the effect of AICAR on the CYP3A1 mRNA expression in primary hepatocyte embryoid bodies derived from a rat liver. Material and Methods The primary hepatocytes were isolated from a male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat (215 g) and subjected to the following treatments: control without AICAR (CTL, n=3), 1 μM AICAR (n=3), 10 μM AICAR (n=3), and 100 μM AICAR (n=3). RNA was isolated and used as the template for synthesizing cDNA by reverse transcriptase to perform quantitative PCR (qPCR). The independent samples t-test was conducted to examine differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The qPCR analysis demonstrated that CYP3A1 mRNA expression in primary hepatocyte embryoid bodies significantly increased in the presence of 10 μM (t=1.730, p<0.05) and 100 μM AICAR (t=3.207, p<0.05) as compared to that in the control group hepatocytes. However, the observed increase of CYP3A1 mRNA in hepatocyte embryoid bodies was not statistically significant in the presence of 1 μM AICAR as the lowest test concentration. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that AICAR, an AMPK activator, can increase the expression of CYP3A1 mRNA in primary hepatocytes. Future studies should assess the effect of AICAR treatment on CYP3A4 in human hepatocytes.

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