Human Amniotic Membrane Is Not Suitable for the Grafting of Colon Lesions and Prevention of Adhesions in a Xenograft Rat Model

Introduction. New biological materials are needed for specific applications in reconstructive bowel surgery and for the prevention of adhesion formation. Amniotic membranes (AMs) are assumed to have a number of unique characteristics that enhance the ingrowth of the surrounding tissue. The aim of the present study was to provide proof of these qualities in a xenograft model. Materials and methods. A multilayer human AM (HAM) was applied to repair defined colon wall defects in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18). The control group was repaired with a suture (n = 6). The animals were killed humanely at 7, 21, and 42 days after implantation. Adhesions and perioperative complications were examined. Histological and immunohistological analyses were performed to assess a number of parameters, including degradation of the HAM, inflammation, graft rejection, and smooth muscle ingrowth. Results. Two rats in the treated group died. No other severe complications were observed. Adhesion formation was more prominently visible in the HAM group ( P < .05). The initially increased inflammation in the HAM group reduced over time but remained significantly increased ( P < .05). The HAM degraded over time and a subtle transient glomerulitis could be observed. Conclusion. HAMs were found to increase adhesion formation and were not suitable for bowel augmentation in the presented xenograft model.

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Ameliorative effects of Spinacia oleracea on sperm morphology, count, and motility by normalizing the obesity-induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University ◽

10.37018/jspf4712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (03) ◽

pp. 124-127

Author(s):

Somia Iqbal ◽

Noman Sadiq ◽

Saad Siddiqui ◽

Hira Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Sperm Concentration ◽

Treated Group ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Normal Morphology ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Obesity is a prevailing metabolic disorder that affects the functioning of the male reproductive system. Excessive adipose tissue enhances reactive oxygen species generation and is linked with male infertility. Spinach has demonstrated antioxidant effects. The present study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effects of spinach on sperm parameters in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Subjects and methods: This randomized control study was conducted at the animal house of the National Institute of Health Islamabad, Islamic International Medical College, Cosmesurge International Hospital, Rawalpindi, and Apollo lab, Islamabad, Pakistan from April 2016 to March 2017. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats having an age of 8 weeks and weight 160-200g were tagged from number 1 to 40. Every third rat was randomly allocated to control Group A (n=13) and remaining into the Experimental group (n=27). Rats of control Group A was given a standard diet while a high-fat diet was given to Experimental group rats to induce obesity for the duration of six weeks. Weight (g) was measured weekly and obesity was confirmed when rats attain more than 20% weight when compared with that of rats of control Group A. Then, after obesity induction, the experimental group was alienated into the obesity control group (Group B) and spinach treated group (Group C). For sample, rats of Group A and Group B were sacrificed, and the cauda epididymis of each rat was placed in a Petri dish containing normal saline and cut into pieces to allow the release of sperm and then sperm parameters (sperms concentration, motility, and morphology) were recorded under the microscope. Then, spinach (5% hot water extract) along with the persistence of fat diet was administered to Group C for 4 weeks and finally, sperm parameters were measured in this group. Results: Sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group B rats were significantly decreased as compared to Group A rats. However, sperm concentration/ml, motility (%), and normal morphology (%) of Group C (spinach treated group) rats was significantly increased (p<0.001) as compared to Group B (obesity control group) rats after administering spinach. Conclusion: The addition of Spinach in a normal diet regimen restores normal sperm morphology, improves sperm motility and concentration.

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Dexamethasone attenuates reversal of hypertension in one-kidney, one-clip rats

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.4.h717 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 255 (4) ◽

pp. H717-H721

Author(s):

H. M. McGowan ◽

R. Vandongen ◽

B. Smith

Keyword(s):

Phospholipase A2 ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

The Third ◽

Serum Thromboxane ◽

And Control ◽

Oral Doses ◽

Prostanoid Synthesis

This study examines the effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, on the reversal of 1-kidney, 1-clip (1K,1C) hypertension and the synthesis of phospholipase A2-dependent products. Male Sprague-Dawley 1K,1C hypertensive rats [blood pressure (BP) greater than 190 mmHg] were allocated to three groups: two groups were given daily oral doses of Dex (0.142 mg/kg in water) for 72 h, whereas the third group was given water only (controls). One of the Dex-treated groups was then sham unclipped (n = 9), while the other Dex-treated group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 8) were unclipped. Dex attenuated the BP fall in the unclipped (223 +/- 8-148 +/- 9 mmHg) compared with the control unclipped (226 +/- 9-114 +/- 5 mmHg) animals (P less than 0.005). Aortic 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was reduced in unclipped Dex-treated rats (13.4 +/- 1.2 ng/mg) compared with unclipped control rats (16.3 +/- 1.4 ng/mg; P less than 0.05) but was higher than in the sham-unclipped Dex group (11.5 +/- 1.2 ng/mg; P less than 0.05). Serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in the unclipped Dex-treated group was lower than in the unclipped control rats (P less than 0.05) but higher than in sham-unclipped rats (P less than 0.05). Dex significantly increased urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion, whereas urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was unaltered. After unclipping, both urinary PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased significantly, although there was no obvious difference between Dex-treated and control animals. These findings demonstrate opposite effects of Dex on renal compared with extrarenal prostanoid synthesis and support the hypothesis that attenuation of aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis may be responsible for the smaller fall in BP after unclipping in Dex-treated rats.

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Effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica Gum in Experimental Periodontitis Induced in Wistar Rats by Utilization of Osteoclastogenic Bone Markers

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25245819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (24) ◽

pp. 5819

Author(s):

Shokhan H. Azeez ◽

Shanaz M. Gaphor ◽

Aram M. Sha ◽

Balkees T. Garib

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Bone Markers ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Treated Group ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Pistacia Atlantica ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Experimental Periodontitis ◽

Serum Rankl

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica kurdica (EOK) gel in treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and its effect on osteoclastogenic bone markers. Twenty-four male Wistar rats of 250 to 350 g were used in this study and were allocated into four groups. Control negative (without induced periodontitis), control positive (induced experimental periodontitis left without treatment), treatment control (induced experimental periodontitis and treated with Chlorhexidine gel) and EOK treated group (induced experimental periodontitis treated with EOK gel). The animals were sacrificed after 30 days, and the mandibular central incisor and surrounding tissue were dissected from the mandible and further processed for preparing H&E slides. Inflammatory cells, osteoclast cells, and periodontal ligament (PDL) were examined and measured histologically. Finally, the mean concentrations of both markers, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and (Interleukin-1β) IL-1β, were analyzed by ELISA. A significant reduction of inflammatory reaction and osteoclast numbers with improvement of PDL and low mean concentrations of RANKL and IL-1β were seen in the EOK treated group in comparison to the control group and the chlorhexidine group as well. The extract showed a protective effect in the healing of periodontitis that had been induced in rats and decreased bone resorption by down regulation of serum RANKL and IL-1β markers.

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Does Human Amnion Membrane Prevent Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions?

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/0003134820939939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 1038-1042

Author(s):

Hannah M. Nemec ◽

Hany Atalah ◽

Melissa Kling ◽

Larry Nichols ◽

Bowen Powers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Surgery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Scar Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Human Amnion ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Tissue Matrix

Background Adhesions are bands of tissue that form postoperatively after intra-abdominal surgery. Adhesions cause significant morbidity and despite ongoing research no agent or method has been shown to completely prevent adhesions. Human amnion-derived matrix is a complex tissue matrix derived from human placenta and has been used in other areas of surgery to promote healing and decrease scar tissue formation. Our hypothesis was that aerosolized human amnion-derived matrix particulate solution (HAMPS) applied during abdominal surgery would decrease adhesion formation in rats. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 was the control group (CG) which had cecal abrasion 20× with a surgical rasp to generate the adhesion model. Groups 2-4 were the treatment groups (TGs) and had cecal abrasion plus application of the HAMPS at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/cc, respectively. After 30 days, rats were euthanized and adhesion assessment performed. Results In all groups there were minimal adhesions noted at necropsy. Moderate inflammation was 33% in CG versus 11% in combined TGs. Average adhesion was 1.00 in CG versus 0.44 in combined TGs. This indicated an observational improvement in adhesions/inflammation in the TGs, although this did not reach statistical significance. There was a trend toward significance in the 12.5 mg/cc group alone ( P = .054). Conclusion Overall, HAMPS showed an observational decrease in adhesions in TGs although not statistically significant. There was a trend toward significance in the 12.5 mg group. Additional studies will have to be performed to further evaluate this subgroup.

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Systemic and renal haemodynamic changes in renal schemia/reperfusion injury: impact of erythropoietin

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y2012-120 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 1535-1543 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdel-Aziz M. Hussein ◽

Nashwa Barakat ◽

Amira Awadalla ◽

Ahmed A. Shokeir

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Renal Plasma Flow ◽

Treated Group ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Group I ◽

Haemodynamic Changes ◽

Renal Vascular

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on systemic and renal hemodynamics in a rat model of renal ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We used 30 male Sprague–Dawley rats distributed among the following 3 groups (10 rats per group): (i) the sham-operated group, (ii) the control group (I/R injury only), and (iii) the EPO-treated group (I/R injury with 1500 U EPO·(kg body mass)–1 on day 0, and 500 U·kg–1 on days 2 and 4 after ischemia). Renal function, arterial blood pressure (ABP), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow (RBF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were measured on days 1, 2, and 7 after ischemia. The expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and histopathology of kidney were evaluated on day 7. The contractility of aortic strips was recorded from the different groups. The results show that renal function and histopathology were significantly improved after treatment with EPO. Compared with the control group, the EPO-treated group showed a significant increase in RPF, RBF, haematocrite, ABP, eNOS expression, and a decrease in RVR (p < 0.05).The response of aortic strips to the relaxant effect of acetylcholine was improved in the EPO-treated group. In conclusion, treatment with EPO improves renal function and renal haemodynamics in renal I/R injury, and causes significant rise of ABP and haematocrite value.

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Evaluation of adhesion barrier types in a rat hepatectomy-induced adhesion model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22276/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Shimizu ◽

Miho Kai ◽

Masako Tasaki ◽

Naotaka Chino ◽

Kiyoshi Hasegawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body Reaction ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Mesothelial Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Liver Lobe ◽

Adhesion Barrier ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adhesion Model

Abstract Background: Adhesion formation after hepatectomy creates problems for repeat hepatectomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a spray (AdSpray) and sheet adhesion barrier (Seprafilm) in a rat hepatectomy-induced adhesion model.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent partial resection of the left lateral liver lobe. They were randomly assigned to control (n=10), AdSpray (n=10), and Seprafilm groups. Seven days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and adhesions at the hepatic resection surface were blindly evaluated.Results: In the control group, adhesions were formed in all 10 animals (100%), with a 69% adhesion extent (mean). In the AdSpray group, the incidence of adhesions (40%) and the adhesion extent (mean, 10%) were significantly lower than in the control group. In the Seprafilm group, the adhesion extent (mean, 30%) was significantly lower than in the control group. As for histopathological examination, animals in the AdSpray group showed a similar healing profile to that of the control group without delayed healing and regeneration of mesothelial cells. In contrast, the Seprafilm group showed ongoing foreign body reaction to Seprafilm, and regeneration of mesothelial cells was immature at 7 days.Conclusions: Both the spray-type gel and sheet adhesion barriers significantly reduced adhesion formation after hepatectomy. The spray-type adhesion barrier caused no adverse events and induced favorable healing. These adhesion barriers may be effective in hepatectomy.

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Functional Evaluation of Sciatic Nerve Anastomosis Wraped by Freeze Dried Human Amniotic Membrane in Sprague Dawley Rat

Health & Medical Journal ◽

10.33854/heme.v2i1.259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Eko Perdana Putra ◽

Pamudji Utomo ◽

Mujaddid Idulhaq

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Amniotic Membrane ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Amniotic Membrane ◽

Functional Evaluation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Group I ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sciatic Functional Index

Background. Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common medical condition. The defected nerve, if not repaired as early as possible, can cause long-term denervation and neurotrophy failure for the target organ. This leads to a series of denervation manifestations, such as muscle atrophy, loss of sensory function, etc. and ultimately, these manifestations seriously affect the patient’s sensorimotor function.1,2 Amniotic membranes have been widely used in ophthalmology and skin injury repair because of their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured therapeutic efficacy and determined if amniotic membranes could be used for sciatic nerve repair.Material and methods. A post test only control group design has been done in 10 healthy Sprague Dawley rats. In all rats, a unilateral right side sciatic nerve transection was performed and reanastomosed by different methods: Group I (control group): included 5 rats, the anastomosis was done by epineural microsutures using 8/0 nylon. Group II: included 5 rats, the anastomosis was done by epineural microsutures using 8/0 nylon and then wraped by freeze dried human amniotic membrane. Functional evaluation of nerve recovery was done over 3 weeks postoperatively using walking tract analysis and calculate using Sciatic Functional Index.Result. Functional results showed that there was no significant difference of the sciatic functional index (SFI) between group I and group II.Conclusion. We can conclude that during 3 weeks functional evaluation, there is no significant difference between control group and experimental group that achieved freeze dried human amniotic membrane.Keywords: sciatic nerve injury, freeze dried human amniotic membrane, walking tract analysis, sciatic functional index.

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Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase influence microbiota and metabolomic profile in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43561/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kaarel Adamberg ◽

Raivo Vilu ◽

Valerio Pazienza

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Treated Group ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Mouse Xenograft Model ◽

Xenograft Mice

Abstract Objective Despite recent advances in treatment options, pancreatic cancer remains the most deadly major cancer. Targeting metabolism represents an emerging anti-cancer strategy. Results Metagenomic 16S analysis was employed to explore the effect of Dichloroacetate (DCA) on the composition of the fecal microbiota and metabolomic profile was assessed on in vivo pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft model. Pancreatic cancer xenograft mice displayed a shift of microbiota’ profile as compared to control mice without DCA treatment and a significant decrease of the purine bases inosine xanthine together with their metabolically-related compound hypoxanthine were observed in the DCA treated group as compared to the control group. Two aminoacids methionine and aspartic acid resulted decreased and increased respectively. DCA affects tumor environment and studies are needed in order to understand whether DCA supplementation could be supportive as synergistic approach to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments in pancreatic cancer patients.

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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Suppress Hepatic Fibrosis Via Modulating the Expression of Fibronectin and Integrin and Inhibiting DNA Fragmentation in Rats

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms/134826 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

sherine ibrahim ◽

ahmed fayez ◽

ahmed maher

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

IntroductionLiver fibrosis is currently the 11th most common cause of death worldwide. Because of self-renewal, available sources for isolation, and high differentiation properties, multipotent mesenchymal stromal stem cells are suggested to be potential tool for treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we examined the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity of bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride on rats relative to silymarin as a standard drug.Material and methodsThis study was performed on 40 male Sprague Dawley rats divided into 4 groups of ten rats each: Group 1 served as controls, Group 2 served as CCl4 (diseased) group, Group 3 served as silymarin treated group and Group 4 served as MSCs treated group. Liver fibrosis was assessed by determination of liver markers and fibrogenesis related genes together with the anti-inflammatory markers in the liver tissue. DNA fragmentation was assessed by Comet assay.ResultsMSCs treatment reduced all liver fibrosis markers as well as the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Additionally, MSCs reduced the expression of integrins and fibronectin compared with the control group as well as decreasing DNA fragmentation.ConclusionsTreatment by MSCs significantly ameliorates liver fibrosis in rats. This amelioration was a result of acting on both the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity of hepatocytes.

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238. Endometrial vessel morphology is altered following progestin treatment in a mouse xenograft model

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/srb08abs238 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

J. F. Donoghue ◽

J. E. Girling ◽

P. A. W. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Lymphatic Vessel ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Treated Group ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Control Group ◽

Vessel Size ◽

Mouse Xenograft ◽

Mouse Xenograft Model ◽

Progestin Treatment

Human endometrium undergoes cyclic changes under the influence of oestrogen and progesterone. When progestins are used for contraception, the endometrium regresses and breakthrough bleeding often occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of progestin on human endometrium in a mouse xenograft model. Uterine tissue was placed subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice (n = 12). Mice were given estradial valerate every fourth day for two weeks. Mice then received an implant containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or an empty implant. After two weeks, mice were dissected and the xenografts formalin fixed and serially sectioned (5µm) for immunohistochemical analysis. Sections were double immunostained for α-smooth muscle actin and either FVIII (blood vessels) or D2–40 (lymphatic vessels). The endometrium from the progestin treated group contained decidual-like stroma cells and glandular epithelium with morphology ranging from squamous to columnar. The endometrium from the control group also contained fibroblast-like stromal cells and glandular epithelium with tall columnar epithelium. The endometrial blood vessel density was significantly reduced in the progestin-treated group (156.3 ± 13.4 vessel profiles/mm2) compared with the control group (273.5 ± 41.5 vessel profiles/mm2) (P = 0.02); there was no significant difference in lymphatic vessel density (progestin: 43.5 ± 5.9 v. control: 35.6 ± 9.6 vessel profiles/mm2). Blood vessel area was significantly increased in the progestin-treated group (3.7x10−4 ± 1.7x10−5 mm2) compared with controls (1.8x10−4 ± 1.2x10−5 mm2) (P = 0.0001) and the lymphatic v essel area was also significantly increased in the progestin-treated group (8.8x10−4 ± 7.8x10−5 mm2) compared with controls (2.9x10−4 ± 5.7x10−5 mm2) (P = 0.0001). This work has provided a model for the study of human endometrial vasculature, illustrating a significant increase in blood and lymphatic vessel size during progestin treatment. The increase in blood vessel size was associated with a significant reduction in blood vessel density in progestin treated samples.

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