Caustic Ingestions and Foreign Body Aspirations: An Overlooked Form of Child Abuse

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
High Association ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
Serious Injury

Caustic ingestions and foreign body aspirations are common occurrences in the pediatric population. The high association between caustic ingestions and foreign body aspirations and family stress with social problems may result in significant morbidity and mortality. It is the purpose of this article to increase physician awareness concerning the possibility that these events may be a form of child abuse. It is hoped that by recognizing the risk of child abuse in these cases the physician can make the appropriate referrals in order to avoid serious injury to the child.

scholarly journals Delayed Surgical Site Infection by Tuberculosis – A Rising Cause of Concern ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mazid ◽  
MM Rahim ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Pyogenic Infection ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Wound Tissue

Background: Surgical site infections causes significant morbidity and mortality of patients and causes more difficult to treat if unexpected cause behind the infection like tuberculosis. Delayed surgical site infection after initial healing are uncomfortable for both surgeons and patient.Methods: Wound tissue from 18 patients with delayed surgical site infection not responding to antibiotics used for pyogenic infection were collected and examined histopathologically.Results: Of the 18 patients, 9 revealed histologically tuberculosis, 7 non-specific chronic inflammation and others showed foreign body granulomma. Association between histopathological report and incidence of tuberculosis is significant (p<0.001) and association between onset of infection and incidence of tuberculosis also significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: A high degree of suspicion is required in case of delayed or recurrent surgical site infection to diagnose tuberculosis as a cause.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 186-189

Child Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Claudia Wang ◽  
Daphne Wong ◽  
Carol D. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Child abuse and neglect lead to significant morbidity and mortality in our vulnerable pediatric population. Primary care physicians are responsible for improving the care of children and reporting findings that are suspicious for child abuse and neglect. This chapter reviews the various types of child maltreatment, with a focus on identification, management, and treatment of child abuse and neglect. In addition to being able to identify child abuse, the questions also focus on recognition of medical diseases, disorders, or other mimickers resembling child abuse. The various types of child maltreatment covered include neglect; physical abuse (i.e., bruises, burns, fractures, abusive head trauma, abdominal trauma, Munchausen syndrome by proxy); sexual abuse; and psychological abuse.

Complications of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in the Pediatric Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 024-028
Author(s):  
Maraya Baumanis ◽  
Kristen Honsinger ◽  
Charles Elmaraghy ◽  
Kris Jatana
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Surgical Subspecialty ◽  
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
Extracranial Complications

AbstractAcute complicated sinusitis can occur in children and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. While medical management is critical, it is important to provide multi-disciplinary care to involve surgical specialists. Since intracranial and extracranial complications can result from acute sinusitis, active communication among all these specialists is paramount to achieve the best patient outcomes. Children with these conditions are best managed at centers where appropriate pediatric medical and surgical subspecialty care is available.

scholarly journals Paranasal Mass in a Healthy Male Toddler

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110079
Author(s):  
Melonie Anne Phillips ◽  
Meredith Lind ◽  
Gerd McGwire ◽  
Diana Rodriguez ◽  
Suzanna Logan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Benign Mass

Head and neck tumors are rare in pediatric patients but should be kept in the differential when a patient presents with a new swelling or mass. One of these tumors is a myxoma, which is an insidiously growing, benign mass originating from the mesenchyme. They most commonly arise in the myocardium but can also develop in facial structures, particularly in the maxilla and mandible. When arising in facial structures, ocular, respiratory, and digestive systems can be affected based on local invasion. Complete surgical resection is curative but can lead to significant morbidity as well. Here, we present a case of a 15-month-old toddler presenting with a paranasal mass, which was ultimately diagnosed as a maxillary myxoma. This tumor is very rare in the pediatric population, especially in the toddler age-group, reminding clinicians to broaden the differential diagnosis when a patient’s course is atypical.

Evaluation of an Electronic Dosing Calculator to Reduce Pediatric Medication Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Brian Murray ◽  
Matthew J. Streitz ◽  
Michael Hilliard ◽  
Joseph K. Maddry
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Patient Visit ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Medication Dosage

Introduction. Adverse medication events are a potential source of significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients, where dosages frequently rely on weight-based formulas. The most frequent occurrence of medication errors occurs during the ordering phase. Methods. Through a prospective cohort analysis, we followed medication errors through patient safety reports (PSRs) to determine if the use of a medication dosage calculator would reduce the number of PSRs per patient visits. Results. The number of PSRs for medication errors per patient visit occurring due to errors in ordering decreased from 10/28 417 to 1/17 940, a decrease by a factor of 6.31, with a χ2 value of 4.063, P = .0463. Conclusion. We conclude that the use of an electronic dosing calculator is able to reduce the number of medication errors, thereby reducing the potential for serious pediatric adverse medication events.

Making an Issue of Child Abuse: Political Agenda Setting for Social Problems.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Armstrong ◽  
Barbara J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Political Agenda

Foreign Body Aspiration: Potential Cause of Coughing and Wheezing

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
H. James Holroyd
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System ◽  
Infants And Young Children

As many as half of routine ill-patient visits in pediatrics practice involve respiratory symptoms. It is not surprising that we see so much coughing and wheezing when we consider that children are still developing immunologically and are, therefore, more susceptible to infection. In early life, most of these infectious diseases occur in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, the gradual exposure of the constitutionally allergic child to environmental allergens pre-disposes to the development of respiratory symptoms. Childhood is also a time for congenital defects of the cardiopulmonary system to become apparent. A sometimes overlooked cause of respiratory symptoms in infants and young children—and one that can become rapidly and severely complicated if misdiagnosed—is the aspiration of foreign bodies. Aspiration or ingestion of foreign bodies remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Children between 8 months and 4 years of age are at highest risk. Not all cases of aspiration are of the acute, obstructive variety, and pediatricians should consider a foreign body as a possible cause of coughing and wheezing even when no definite history of aspiration is obtained. Children of course are curious and their natural tendency is to reach out and explore new objects. Bringing objects to their mouths to taste and to test textures is common.

Pulmonary Hemorrhage in the Neonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Megan Alexandra Welde ◽  
Cassidy Brooke Sanford ◽  
Melissa Mangum ◽  
Christy Paschal ◽  
Amy J. Jnah
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Surfactant Administration

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a pathology associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among preterm infants in the NICU. The diagnosis is made when hemorrhagic secretions are aspirated from the trachea concurrent with respiratory decompensation that necessitates intubation or escalated support. The implementation of mechanical ventilation and widespread exogenous surfactant administration have significantly reduced respiratory morbidities. However, when PH develops, death remains the most common outcome. Treatment for PH remains primarily supportive; thus, a thorough understanding of underlying disease processes, manifestations, diagnostic testing, and current evidence is vital to enable early identification and proactive management to reduce morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Foreign-body conjunctival granuloma secondary to finger-nail trauma

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
V. Sowmya ◽  
Nelly E.P. Nazareth ◽  
Vijna B. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Foreign Body Granuloma ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eye Trauma

A foreign body lodged in the conjunctiva can trigger a granuloma formation. In the past, cilia, caterpillar hair, insect wing and fibers have been reported to incite foreignbody granuloma formation in the eye. Trauma to the eye with finger nail is frequently encountered but goes unnoticed among the pediatric population. Finger-nail trauma to the eye leading to a mass has not been reported in literature. We hereby report a case of conjunctival foreign-body granuloma in a seven-year-old child following finger-nail trauma. Excision biopsy and histopathology of the mass affirmed the diagnosis.

scholarly journals The toll of COVID-19 on African children: A descriptive analysis on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Rodriguez Velasquez ◽  
Lea Jacques ◽  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Paolo Sestito ◽  
Zahra Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, very little data on the epidemiological characteristics among the pediatric population in Africa has been published. This paper examines the age and sex distribution of the morbidity and mortality rate in children with COVID-19 and compares it to the adult population within 15 Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A merge line listing dataset using a reverse engineering model shared by countries within the Regional Office for Africa was analyzed. Patients diagnosed within 1 March 2020 and 1 September 2020 with confirmed positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Children data were stratified into three age groups: 0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years, while adults were combined. The cumulative incidence of cases including its medians and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 9% of the total confirmed cases and 2.4% of the reported deaths were pediatric cases. The 12-17 age group in all 15 countries showed the highest cumulative incidence proportion in children. COVID-19 cases in males and females under the age of 18 were evenly distributed. Among adults, a higher case incidence per 100,000 people was observed compared to children. Conclusion: The cases and deaths within the children population was smaller than the adult population. These differences can reflect biases in COVID-19 testing protocols and reporting implemented by countries, highlighting the need for more extensive investigation and focus on the effects of COVID-19 in children.

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