High-Speed Imaging of Vocal Fold Vibrations and Larynx Movements within Vocalizations of Different Vowels

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Maurer ◽  
Markus Hess ◽  
Manfred Gross
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Acoustic Interaction ◽  
Glottal Source

Theoretic investigations of the “source-filter” model have indicated a pronounced acoustic interaction of glottal source and vocal tract. Empirical investigations of formant pattern variations apart from changes in vowel identity have demonstrated a direct relationship between the fundamental frequency and the patterns. As a consequence of both findings, independence of phonation and articulation may be limited in the speech process. Within the present study, possible interdependence of phonation and phoneme was investigated: vocal fold vibrations and larynx position for vocalizations of different vowels in a healthy man and woman were examined by high-speed light-intensified digital imaging. We found 1) different movements of the vocal folds for vocalizations of different vowel identities within one speaker and at similar fundamental frequency, and 2) constant larynx position within vocalization of one vowel identity, but different positions for vocalizations of different vowel identities. A possible relationship between the vocal fold vibrations and the phoneme is discussed.

High-Speed Imaging to Study an Auto-Oscillating Vocal Fold Replica for Different Initial Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750064 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Hirtum ◽  
X. Pelorson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Upstream Pressure

Experiments on mechanical deformable vocal folds replicas are important in physical studies of human voice production to understand the underlying fluid–structure interaction. At current date, most experiments are performed for constant initial conditions with respect to structural as well as geometrical features. Varying those conditions requires manual intervention, which might affect reproducibility and hence the quality of experimental results. In this work, a setup is described which allows setting elastic and geometrical initial conditions in an automated way for a deformable vocal fold replica. High-speed imaging is integrated in the setup in order to decorrelate elastic and geometrical features. This way, reproducible, accurate and systematic measurements can be performed for prescribed initial conditions of glottal area, mean upstream pressure and vocal fold elasticity. Moreover, quantification of geometrical features during auto-oscillation is shown to contribute to the experimental characterization and understanding.

Usefulness of high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) in the diagnosis of oedematous – hypertrophic changes of the larynx in people using voice occupationally

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna ◽  
Diana Moskal ◽  
Anna Kuryliszyn-Moskal ◽  
Anna Andrzejewska ◽  
Anna Łobaczuk-Sitnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tem Method ◽  
Hypertrophic Changes

Introduction. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the usefulness of High-Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) in the diagnosis of organic dysphonia in a form of oedematous-hypertrophic changes of vocal fold mucosa, morphologically confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) method in patients working with voice occupationally. Material and methods. The group consisted of 30 patients working with voice occupationally with oedematous-hypertrophic changes of vocal fold mucosa. Parameters of vocal folds vibrations were evaluated using HSDI technique with a digital HS camera, HRES Endocam Richard Wolf GmbH. The image of vocal folds was recorded with a rate of 4000 frames per second. Postoperative material of the larynx was prepared in a routine way and observed in transmission electron microscope OPTON 900–PC. Results. HSDI technique allows to assess the real vibrations of vocal folds and determine many parameters. The results of TEM in the postoperative material showed destruction of epithelial cells with severe vacuolar degeneration, the enlargement of intercellular spaces and a large number of blood vessels in the stroma, which indicates the presence of oedematous-hypertrophic changes of the larynx. Discussion. The ultrastructural assessment confirm the particular usefulness of HSDI method in the diagnosis of organic dysphonia in a form of oedematous-hypertrophic changes. Key words: High-Speed Digital Imaging, oedematous-hypertrophic changes, vocal fold mucosa, larynx

scholarly journals Characterizing Vibratory Kinematics in Children and Adults With High-Speed Digital Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Patel ◽  
Denis Dubrovskiy ◽  
Michael Döllinger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vibratory Motion ◽  
Source Mechanisms ◽  
Time Periodicity ◽  
Phase Asymmetry

PurposeThe aim of this study is to quantify and identify characteristic vibratory motion in typically developing prepubertal children and young adults using high-speed digital imaging.MethodThe vibrations of the vocal folds were recorded from 27 children (ages 5–9 years) and 35 adults (ages 21–45 years), with high speed at 4,000 frames per second for sustained phonation. Kinematic features of amplitude periodicity, time periodicity, phase asymmetry, spatial symmetry, and glottal gap index were analyzed from the glottal area waveform across mean and standard deviation (i.e., intercycle variability) for each measure.ResultsChildren exhibited lower mean amplitude periodicity compared to men and women and lower time periodicity compared to men. Children and women exhibited greater variability in amplitude periodicity, time periodicity, phase asymmetry, and glottal gap index compared to men. Women had lower mean values of amplitude periodicity and time periodicity compared to men.ConclusionChildren differed both spatially but more temporally in vocal fold motion, suggesting the need for the development of children-specific kinematic norms. Results suggest more uncontrolled vibratory motion in children, reflecting changes in the vocal fold layered structure and aero-acoustic source mechanisms.

Fundamental Frequency in Excised Human Larynges after Anterior Glottic Web Formation of Various Extents

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-678
Author(s):  
Thais Gonçalves Pinheiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ishikawa ◽  
Rui Imamura ◽  
Ronaldo Frizzarini ◽  
Arlindo Neto Montagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Glottic Web

Objective To determine the effect of vocal fold anterior web formation on fundamental frequency with a cadaveric excised larynx model. Study Design Experimental study with excised human larynges. Setting Academic tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods Sixteen freshly excised human larynges were evaluated with high-speed videoendoscopy and digital kymography during artificially produced vibration. Each larynx was assessed in 4 conditions: preoperative controls and after 25%, 33%, and 50% decreases in the vibratory portion of the vocal folds. The following parameters were evaluated: fundamental frequency, periodicity, vocal fold vibration amplitude, phase symmetry, and glottic closure. Results The mean fundamental frequencies were 208.87, 250.20, 292.37, and 342.67 Hz for preoperative controls and 25%, 33%, and 50% reductions in vibratory length of the vocal folds, respectively. Fundamental frequency increased with each increase in anterior glottic web extent, and the difference among the groups was statistically significant in absolute values in hertz and in semitone elevation. The mathematical models for estimating postoperative fundamental frequency had a statistically significant coefficient. The vibration of the vocal folds remained periodic in all larynges before and after the procedures. Conclusion There was a significant and progressive increase in the fundamental frequency with each enlargement of anterior glottic web. Based on the control frequency, mathematical models could estimate the value of the fundamental frequency after the procedure.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of high-speed videolaryngoscopy images and sound data simultaneously acquired from rigid and flexible laryngoscope: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Pietruszewska ◽  
Marcin Just ◽  
Joanna Morawska ◽  
Jakub Malinowski ◽  
Joanna Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Perturbation Parameters

AbstractHigh-Speed Videoendoscopy (HSV) is becoming a robust tool for the assessment of vocal fold vibration in laboratory investigation and clinical practice. We describe the first successful application of flexible High Speed Videoendoscopy with innovative laser light source conducted in clinical settings. The acquired image and simultaneously recorded audio data are compared to the results obtained by means of a rigid endoscope. We demonstrated that the HSV recordings with fiber-optic laryngoscope have enabled obtaining consistently bright, color images suitable for parametrization of vocal fold oscillation similarly as in the case of the HSV data obtained from a rigid laryngoscope. The comparison of period and amplitude perturbation parameters calculated on the basis of image and audio data acquired from flexible and rigid HSV recording objectively confirm that flexible High-Speed Videoendoscopy is a more suitable method for examination of natural phonation. The HSV-based measures generated from this kymographic analysis are arguably a superior representation of the vocal fold vibrations than the acoustic analysis because their quantification is independent of the vocal tract influences. This experimental study has several implications for further research in the field of HSV application in clinical assessment of glottal pathologies nature and its effect on vocal folds vibrations.

Reinke's Edema: Phonatory Mechanisms and Management Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Glenn W. Bunting ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Traci Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Reinke's edema (RE) has been associated typically with smoking and sometimes with vocal abuse, but aspects of the pathophysiology of RE remain unclear. To gain new insights into phonatory mechanisms associated with RE pathophysiology, weused an integrated battery of objective vocal function tests to analyze 20 patients (19 women) who underwent phonomicrosurgical resection. Preoperative stroboscopic examinations demonstrated that the superficial lamina propria is distended primarily on the superior vocal fold surface. Acoustically, these individuals have an abnormally low average speaking fundamental frequency (123 Hz), and they generate abnormally high average subglottal pressures (9.7 cm H20). The presence of elevated aerodynamic driving pressures reflects difficulties in producing vocal fold vibration that are most likely the result of mass loading associated with RE, and possibly vocal hyperfunction. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in the environment of chronic glottal mucositis secondary to smoking and reflux, the cephalad force on the vocal folds by the subglottal driving pressure contributes to the superior distention of the superficial lamina propria. Surgical reduction of the volume of the superficial lamina propria resulted in a significant elevation in fundamental frequency (154 Hz) and improvement in perturbation measures. In almost all instances, both the clinician and the patient perceived the voice as improved. However, these patients continued to generate elevated subglottal pressure (probably a sign of persistent hyperfunction) that was accompanied by visually observed supraglottal strain despite the normalsized vocal folds. This finding suggests that persistent hyperfunctional vocal behaviors may contribute to postsurgical RE recurrence if therapeutic strategies are not instituted to modify such behavior.

Vocal Fold Vibratory Characteristics in Normal Female Speakers From High-Speed Digital Imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartini Ahmad ◽  
Yuling Yan ◽  
Diane M. Bless
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Normal Female

scholarly journals A portable smartphone-based laryngoscope system for high-speed vocal cord imaging of patients with throat disorders (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ki Kim ◽  
Youngkyu Kim ◽  
Jungmin Oh ◽  
Seung-Ho Choi ◽  
Ahra Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Endoscopic Imaging ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Longitudinal Edge

BACKGROUND Recently, high-speed digital imaging (HSDI), especially HSD endoscopic imaging is being routinely used for the diagnosis of vocal fold disorders. However, high-speed digital endoscopic imaging devices are usually large and costly, which limits access by patients in underdeveloped countries and in regions with inadequate medical infrastructure. Modern smartphones have sufficient functionality to process the complex calculations that are required for processing high-resolution images and videos with a high frame rate. Recently, several attempts have been made to integrate medical endoscopes with smartphones to make them more accessible to underdeveloped countries. OBJECTIVE To develop a smartphone adaptor for endoscopes to reduce the cost of devices, and to demonstrate the possibility of high-speed vocal cord imaging using the high-speed imaging functions of a high-performance smartphone camera. METHODS A customized smartphone adaptor was designed for clinical endoscopy using selective laser melting (SLM)-based 3D printing. Existing laryngoscope was attached to the smartphone adaptor to acquire high-speed vocal cord endoscopic images. Only existing basic functions of the smartphone camera were used for HSDI of the vocal folds. For image processing, segmented glottal areas were calculated from whole HSDI frames, and characteristics such as volume, shape and longitudinal edge length were analyzed. RESULTS High-speed digital smartphone imaging with the smartphone-endoscope adaptor could achieve 940 frames per second, and was used to image the vocal folds of five volunteers. The image processing and analytics demonstrated successful calculation of relevant diagnostic variables from the acquired images. CONCLUSIONS A smartphone-based HSDI endoscope system can function as a point-of-care clinical diagnostic device. Furthermore, this system is suitable for use as an accessible diagnostic method in underdeveloped areas with inadequate medical service infrastructure.

Preliminary Results on the Influence of Engineered Artificial Mucus Layer on Phonation

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Döllinger ◽  
Franziska Gröhn ◽  
David A. Berry ◽  
Ulrich Eysholdt ◽  
Georg Luegmair
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter

Purpose Previous studies have confirmed the influence of dehydration and an altered mucus (e.g., due to pathologies) on phonation. However, the underlying reasons for these influences are not fully understood. This study was a preliminary inquiry into the influences of mucus architecture and concentration on vocal fold oscillation. Method Two excised human larynges were investigated in an in vitro setup. The oscillations of the vocal folds at various airflow volume rates were recorded through the use of high-speed imaging. Engineered mucus containing polymers (interconnected polymers and linear polymers) was applied to the vocal folds. From the high-speed footage, glottal parameters were extracted through the use of objective methods and were compared to a gold standard (physiological saline solution). Results Variations were found for all applications of mucus. Fundamental frequency dropped and the oscillatory behavior (speed quotient [SQ], closing quotient [CQ]) changed for both larynges. The 2 applied mucus architectures displayed different effects on the larynges. The interconnected polymer displayed clear low-pass filter characteristics not found for the linear polymer. Increase of polymer concentration affected parameters to a certain point. Conclusion The data confirm results found in previous studies. Furthermore, the different effects—comparing architecture and concentration—suggest that, in the future, synthetic mucus can be designed to improve phonation.

Nonlinear Vocal Fold Dynamics in a Two-Mass Model of Speech Arising From Asymmetric Intraglottal Flow

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
Matías Zañartu ◽  
Sean D. Peterson ◽  
Michael W. Plesniak
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Sustained Oscillations ◽  
Voiced Speech ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Vocal Fold Dynamics

Voiced speech is initiated as air is expelled from the lungs and passes through the vocal tract inciting self-sustained oscillations of the vocal folds. While various approaches exist for investigating both normal and pathological speech, the relative inaccessibility of the vocal folds make multi-mass speech models an attractive alternative. Their behavior has been benchmarked with excised larynx experiments, and they have been used as analysis tools for both normal and disordered speech, including investigations of paralysis, vocal tremor, and breathiness. However, during pathological speech, vocal fold motion is often unstructured, resulting in chaotic motion and a wealth of nonlinear phenomena. Unfortunately, current methodologies for multi-mass speech models are unable to replicate the nonlinear vocal fold behavior that often occurs in physiological diseased voice for realistic values of subglottal pressure.

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