scholarly journals Between-Country Comparability of Clinical Chemistry Results: An International Quality Assessment Survey of 17 Analytes in Six European Countries through Existing National Schemes

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T P Jansen ◽  
D G Bullock ◽  
A Vassault ◽  
H Baadenhuijsen ◽  
A De Leenheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Uk

Two lyophilized control sera were distributed through seven national external quality assessment schemes in six European countries—Belgium, Switzerland, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom—participated in the study. The results for 17 routine analytes were obtained from almost 5000 laboratories for the two sera. The organizers of the schemes were asked to process the results according to a common outlier removal procedure, and submit method-related data if available. The two sera were also distributed through the external/internal scheme of The Netherlands, and the within-laboratory standard deviations calculated in this scheme have been used in a scaling procedure for the external mean values and between-laboratory standard deviations of the participating countries. The results show remarkable agreement in the national mean values for practically all analytes, but considerable differences in the between-laboratory variation. Data from comparable method groups was obtained for 12 analytes from Belgium, France, The Netherlands and the UK. Though revealing some specific differences between methods and countries, the method-related data are generally in agreement with the all-method data. In this study reference method values were only available for cholesterol. The high degree of agreement found suggests, however, that mutual recognition of all-method mean values in national schemes could be acceptable, especially for analytes for which reliable reference methods are not available. The major element of variation is between-laboratory rather than between-country.

Legal Deposit of Electronic Publications and Other Non-Print Material: An International Overview

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hoare
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Print Material ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Electronic Publications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
West European

In many countries, including the UK, proposals are currently being made for the extension of legal deposit to electronic and other non-print material. Some countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands have no national legal deposit legislation, though voluntary deposit works well in the latter. Norway has the most advanced legislation, requiring the deposit of all lands of media. In few countries is any range of material actively handled, and a very few deal with online publications. There is scope for international coordination of proposals through such bodies as CDNL, CENL, IFLA and UNESCO. The aim of totally comprehensive collecting of all published material may be accepted as unrealistic, and some selectively is likely to be necessary. The current situation with regard to deposit of non-print material in 11 west European countries, Australia, Canada and the USA is recounted.

Combi scheme: new combined internal/external quality-assessment scheme in The Netherlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1196-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Steigstra ◽  
Rob T Jansen ◽  
Henk Baadenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
External Quality

Abstract The Dutch Foundation for Quality Assessment in Clinical Chemistry (SKZL) is the professional organization that conducts external quality-assessment schemes in The Netherlands. However, such schemes in fact assess the performance of the internal quality-control systems of the participating laboratories. In this paper we describe a new concept, relating the data for internal control materials with those for external samples and thereby leading to a combined external/internal scheme (Combi). The statistical principles underlying the Combi scheme are discussed and examples of the graphical presentation of the results are shown. Because the laboratory data are transmitted over the public telephone system to the computers of the SKZL, we also describe the principles of the data communication. At two-month intervals a statistical presentation is sent to all participants. The central database is updated daily with the received results, making possible an on-line consultation regarding the statistics of the accumulated findings of the control materials in use.

scholarly journals Isoflavone intake in four different European countries: the VENUS approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (S1) ◽  
pp. S25-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Agnes J. van Erp-Baart ◽  
Henny A. M. Brants ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Angela Mulligan ◽  
Aida Turrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this study was to identify the level of isoflavone intake (total isoflavones, daidzein and genistein) in four European countries: Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands and the UK. For this purpose national food composition databases of isoflavone content were created in a comparable way, using the Vegetal Estrogens in Nutrition and the Skeleton (VENUS) analytical data base as a common basis, and appropriate food consumption data were selected. The isoflavone intake in Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands and the UK is on average less than 1 mg/d. Small groups of consumers of soya foods could be identified in Ireland, The Netherlands and the UK. The estimated intake levels are low compared with those found in typical Asian diets (∼20–100 mg/d) and also low compared with levels where physiological effects are expected (60–100 mg/d). The results (including a subgroup analysis of soya product consumers) showed that such levels are difficult to achieve with the European diets studied here.

Organisation of work and working times in IT

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Plantenga ◽  
Chantal Remery
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Working Time ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relevant Factors

This article explores the organisation of work and working times in IT. It builds on case-studies in five European countries: Denmark, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and the UK. At first glance, the organisation of work and working time seems quite traditional: a full-time permanent contract is still the standard. Yet, new forms of employment do occur. Relevant factors in this respect are the nature of the service provided, the nature of the workforce and flexibility requirements.

scholarly journals Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael K Al-Delaimy ◽  
Anne Linda van Kappel ◽  
Pietro Ferrari ◽  
Nadia Slimani ◽  
Jean-Paul Steghens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractBackground:In addition to their possible direct biological effects, plasma carotenoids can be used as biochemical markers of fruit and vegetable consumption for identifying diet–disease associations in epidemiological studies. Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe.Objective:Our aim was to assess the variability of plasma carotenoid levels within the cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Methods:Plasma levels of six carotenoids – α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin – were measured cross-sectionally in 3043 study subjects from 16 regions in nine European countries. We investigated the relative influence of gender, season, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking status on plasma levels of the carotenoids.Results:Mean plasma level of the sum of the six carotenoids varied twofold between regions (1.35μmoll−1for men in Malmö, Sweden vs. 2.79μmoll−1for men in Ragusa/Naples, Italy; 1.61μmoll−1for women in The Netherlands vs. 3.52μmoll−1in Ragusa/Naples, Italy). Mean levels of individual carotenoids varied up to fourfold (α-carotene: 0.06μmoll−1for men in Murcia, Spain vs. 0.25μmoll−1for vegetarian men living in the UK). In multivariate regression analyses, region was the most important predictor of total plasma carotenoid level (partialR2=27.3%), followed by BMI (partialR2=5.2%), gender (partialR2=2.7%) and smoking status (partialR2=2.8%). Females had higher total carotenoid levels than males across Europe.Conclusions:Plasma levels of carotenoids vary substantially between 16 different regions in Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Germany, the UK, Sweden, Denmark and The Netherlands. Compared with region of residence, the other demographic and lifestyle factors and laboratory measurements have limited predictive value for plasma carotenoid levels in Europe.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Management: European Universities Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kalinin ◽  
Yu. V. Nechepurenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Property Management ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Intellectual Property Management ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

A comparative analysis of policies in the field of intellectual property (IP) of universities in leading European countries: Switzerland, the UK and the Netherlands. As a result of the comparison, the main components of these policies are identified as a single document: the purpose of the policy, the procedure for determining copyright holders, students' rights to IP, material incentives for using IP, and responsible structures. The policy of each university takes into account the features and traditions of its activities. It was revealed that each university has its own approach to material incentives for the creation and use of IP. The conditions are established under which the university does not claim to IP created by students. It is concluded that it is advisable to develop similar IP policies for Belarusian universities.

The Middle East External Quality Assessment Scheme for Clinical Chemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robby A Bacchus ◽  
David G Bullock ◽  
George A Noy ◽  
Thomas P Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
East Region ◽  
Consensus Values ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Middle East Region

The establishment and first 7 years' operation of an external quality assessment scheme for clinical chemistry in the Middle East region are described. The scheme utilises specimens distributed previously in the UK, and the performance of participating laboratories is assessed relative to the UK consensus values, taking account of method. Variance Index scoring has been used to quantitate performance, and there has been an improvement in average scores during the operation of the scheme. There are currently 88 participants, though some laboratories which failed to return results regularly were removed from the scheme. The consensus values from the scheme itself have now been validated, and in future the scheme should operate independently.

scholarly journals Does segregation reduce socio-spatial mobility? Evidence from four European countries with different inequality and segregation contexts

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Tiit Tammaru ◽  
Maarten van Ham ◽  
Lina Hedman ◽  
David Manley
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
The Uk

The neighbourhood in which people live reflects their social class and preferences, so studying socio-spatial mobility between neighbourhood types gives insight into the openness of spatial class structures of societies and into the ability of people to leave disadvantaged neighbourhoods. In this paper we study the extent to which people move between different types of neighbourhoods by socio-economic status in different inequality and segregation contexts in four European countries: Sweden, the Netherlands, the UK (England and Wales), and Estonia. The study is based on population registers and census data for the 2001–2011 period. For England and Wales, which has long had high levels of income inequalities and high levels of socio-economic segregation, we find that levels of mobility between neighbourhood types are low and opportunities to move to more socio-economically advantaged neighbourhoods are modest. In Estonia, which used to be one of the most equal and least segregated countries in Europe, and now is one of the most unequal countries, we find high levels of mobility, but these reproduce segregation patterns and it is difficult to move to less deprived neighbourhoods for those in the most deprived neighbourhoods. In the Netherlands and Sweden, where income inequalities are the smallest, it is the easiest to move from the most deprived to less deprived neighbourhoods. The conclusion is that the combination of high levels of income inequalities and high levels of spatial segregation tend to lead to a vicious circle of segregation for low-income groups, where it is difficult to undertake upward socio-spatial mobility.

Teachers’ and pupils’ perspectives on homosexuality: A comparative analysis across European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-519
Author(s):  
Kristof De Witte ◽  
Kaat Iterbeke ◽  
Oliver Holz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Teachers Perspectives ◽  
General Climate ◽  
Over Time

This article offers the first large-scale comparative analysis of pupils’ and teachers’ perspectives on homosexuality using two waves (2013 and 2017) of self-collected data through questionnaires issued in eight European countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, Spain, Poland, Hungary and Turkey. Using these unique data, the authors examine to what extent differences prevail across countries, what mechanisms explain the differences, and how the differences change over time. The results indicate significant differences across countries. Moreover, although a positive trend can be observed between the two waves of the survey, in some countries the general climate towards homosexuality is reversing.

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