The effect of custodial penalties on juvenile reoffending

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McGrath ◽  
Don Weatherburn
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Matched Group ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Children’S Court ◽  
Using Data

This study uses propensity score matching to test the proposition that imprisonment deters future criminal activity among juvenile offenders. Using data from all court appearances of juveniles in the NSW Children’s Court (Australia) between 2003 and 2004 ( N = 6196), the reoffending of a group of young offenders sentenced to control (i.e. custodial) orders ( N = 376) was compared to a matched group of offenders receiving community-based sanctions. No differences were observed between the two groups. The young offenders given detention orders had a slightly lower rate of reoffending, but this difference was not significant. The results of this study indicate that, over the time period examined in this study, the imposition of a custodial sentence had no effect on the risk of reoffending.

scholarly journals Impact of community-based health insurance on utilisation of preventive health services in rural Uganda: a propensity score matching approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nshakira-Rukundo ◽  
Essa Chanie Mussa ◽  
Nathan Nshakira ◽  
Nicolas Gerber ◽  
Joachim von Braun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance

AbstractThe effect of voluntary health insurance on preventive health has received limited research attention in developing countries, even when they suffer immensely from easily preventable illnesses. This paper surveys households in rural south-western Uganda, which are geographically serviced by a voluntary Community-based health insurance scheme, and applied propensity score matching to assess the effect of enrolment on using mosquito nets and deworming under-five children. We find that enrolment in the scheme increased the probability of using a mosquito net by 26% and deworming by 18%. We postulate that these findings are partly mediated by information diffusion and social networks, financial protection, which gives households the capacity to save and use service more, especially curative services that are delivered alongside preventive services. This paper provides more insight into the broader effects of health insurance in developing countries, beyond financial protection and utilisation of hospital-based services.

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of Raskin Program using Matching Method: Case of IFLS 5

JEJAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Endiarjati Dewandaru Sadono
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Small Benefit ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin (RASKIN) program has been applied since 1998 and has been renamed as Beras Sejahtera (RASTRA) in early 2017, but their effectiveness is still debatable. This study tries to evaluate the impact of RASKIN program on household income. Using data from 3,745 households in Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 that has been estimated using propensity score matching, this study has identified precisely that RASKIN program has a negative and significant effect on household income. This happens because the benefits that reveived by Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) are very small. The small benefit is affected by the amount of rice received, frequency and price that have been paid to get RASKIN is not in accordance with the guidelines. The result of this study is along with previous studies, where the amount and price of rice that distributed through RASKIN program is not exactly correct. Therefore, there must be a change in program format, not just renaming from RASKIN to RASTRA only.

scholarly journals It’s Still about Race: Peremptory Challenge Use on Black Prospective Jurors

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney DeCamp ◽  
Elise DeCamp
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Jury Selection ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Peremptory Challenge ◽  
Using Data

Objectives: The use of race as a motive for excluding individuals from serving on juries in American criminal trials is unconstitutional. Nevertheless, Black individuals remain substantially more likely than others to be removed during jury selection through peremptory challenges. This study tests whether and to what extent there is a racial effect on peremptory challenge use by the prosecution or the defense. Method: Using data from 2,542 venire members in Mississippi, propensity score matching is used to examine racial differences in jury selection by comparing Black venire members to similarly situated White venire member counterparts. Results: Findings suggest that Black venire members are 4.51 times as likely to be excluded from a jury due to peremptory challenges from the prosecution in comparison to White venire members. Conversely, White venire members are 4.21 times as likely to be excluded through peremptory challenges by the defense in comparison to Black venire members. Conclusions: After controlling for all observed variables, there remain significant differences between White and Black venire members, suggesting racial discrimination by both the prosecution and the defense in peremptory challenge usage. Black individuals are more likely to be excluded from juries through these effects, resulting in less racially diverse juries.

scholarly journals Can propensity score matching be applied to cross-sectional data to evaluate Community-Based Rehabilitation? Results of a survey implementing the WHO’s Community-Based Rehabilitation indicators in Vietnam

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e022544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Mason ◽  
Carla Sabariego ◽  
Đoàn Mạnh Thắng ◽  
Jörg Weber
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Approach Working

ObjectivesCommunity-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) is a multi-sectoral approach working to equalise opportunities and include people with disabilities in all aspects of life. The complexity of CBR and often limited resources lead to challenges when attempting to quantify its effectiveness, with randomisation and longitudinal data rarely possible. Statistical methods, such as propensity score matching (PSM), offer an alternative approach to evaluate a treatment when randomisation is not feasible. The aim of this study is to examine whether PSM can be an effective method to facilitate evaluations of results in CBR when data are cross-sectional.DesignCross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsData were collected using the WHO’s CBR Indicators in Vietnam, with treatment assignment (participating in CBR or not) determined by province of residence. 298 participants were selected through government records.ResultsPSM was conducted using one-to-one nearest neighbour method on 10 covariates. In the unmatched sample, significant differences between groups were found for six of the 10 covariates. PSM successfully adjusted for bias in all covariates in the matched sample (74 matched pairs). A paired t-test compared the outcome of ‘community inclusion’ (a score based on selected indicators) between CBR and non-CBR participants for both the matched and unmatched samples, with CBR participants found to have significantly worse community inclusion scores (mean=17.86, SD=6.30, 95% CI 16.45 to 19.32) than non-CBR participants (mean=20.93, SD=6.16, 95% CI 19.50 to 22.35); t(73)=3.068, p=0.001. This result did not differ between the matched and unmatched samples.ConclusionPSM successfully reduced bias between groups, though its application did not affect the tested outcome. PSM should be considered when analysing cross-sectional CBR data, especially for international comparisons where differences between populations may be greater.

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