Average duration of treatment with antidepressants among concession card holders in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1180-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Reidar Kjosavik ◽  
Marianne Hansen Gillam ◽  
Elisabeth E Roughead
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Pharmacoepidemiological Study ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme

Objective: To analyse the average treatment duration with antidepressants that are reimbursed for concession card holders under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Australia. Method: This pharmacoepidemiological study was based on a representative 10% sample of patients receiving Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions. Antidepressants redeemed by concession card holders in the period from 2010 to 2013 were analysed. A 5-year baseline period was used to exclude prevalent users from incident users. Estimation of treatment duration was based on the epidemiological equation: prevalence/incidence = average duration. The mean value for prevalence and incidence over the studied period was used in the equation. Results: The number of prevalent and incident users increased from 90,475 to 103,305 and from 25,006 to 26,289, respectively. The epidemiological average treatment duration in the period was about 4 years. When considered by age-bands, average treatment duration was 2 years in patients under 24 years, 3 years in patients 35 to 44 years and up to 5 years in the 55 to 64 year age group. Of new users of antidepressants reimbursed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, 86% received their first prescription from general practitioners, 4.3% from psychiatrists and 9.7% from other physicians. Conclusion: While recommendations have underlined the importance of giving antidepressants for a sufficient period of time, the results from this study show that it is as important to remind general practitioners to review patients on antidepressant treatment regularly, and try to cease drug treatment when timely.

Average duration of treatment with antipsychotics among concession card holders in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein R Kjosavik ◽  
Marianne H Gillam ◽  
Elisabeth E Roughead
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Drug Choice ◽  
Short Treatment Duration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme

Objective: To analyse average treatment duration with antipsychotics reimbursed for concession card holders under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme; the proportion of initial prescribing by general practitioners, psychiatrists and other physician; and the trend in drug choice in Australia. Method: Based on a representative 10% sample of patients receiving Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions since 2005, antipsychotics redeemed by concession card holders in the period from 2010 to 2013 were analysed. A 5-year baseline period was used to exclude prevalent users from incident users. Treatment duration was estimated using the epidemiological equation: prevalence/incidence = average duration. Results: The overall average treatment duration was 3.0 years, ranging from 1.5 years in patients aged 75 years and older to more than 4 years among patients aged 25–64 years. The most commonly used antipsychotics were olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine, with average duration of 2.9, 2.1 and 1.7 years, respectively. Amisulpride was used longest with an average duration of 3.7 years. Quetiapine is currently the most prescribed antipsychotic and the main antipsychotic prescribed by psychiatrists to new users. The increased prescribing of quetiapine among general practitioners explains the rapid increase in the overall use of quetiapine. General practitioners initiated therapy in about 70% of cases, while psychiatrists and other physicians in about 15% each. In children younger than 15 years of age, paediatricians initiated such treatment in 47%. Conclusion: General practitioners both initiate and maintain treatment with antipsychotics for most adults, while paediatricians mainly begin such treatment in children. The substantial increase in use of quetiapine among general practitioners, along with the short treatment duration for quetiapine, strengthens a concern about antipsychotics increasingly used for less severe disorders. Increased collaboration between paediatricians and psychiatrists regarding the youngest and between general practitioners and psychiatrists or geriatricians regarding adults and older patients seems required.

Netilmicin: Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy and Toxicity of a New Aminoglycoside

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Nordstrom ◽  
Per Christensson ◽  
Knut Hæger ◽  
Ingmar Juhlin ◽  
Örjan Tjernström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Hearing Acuity ◽  
Viiith Nerve ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection

The efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was clinically evaluated in fifty-two patients with moderate to severe infections with Gram-negative rods or Staph, aureus. Average duration of treatment was 14 days and mean total dose 2, 960 mg. One-hour mean value of netilmicin serum concentration was 6·4 μg/ml and mean trough value 1·2 μg/ml. Forty-four patients were cured or improved. In twenty-one of them the effect could be attributed to netilmicin alone; the other twenty-three had a combined therapy. No improvement took place in five, but four of them could not be regarded as netilmicin failure. One patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was a possible failure. The sensitivity of the causative bacteria to netilmicin was studied and compared with amikacin, gentamicin, sisomicin and tobramycin. Vestibular function and hearing acuity was thoroughly examined by electronystagmography and audiography. Drug-related VIIIth nerve damage could not be confirmed in any of our patients. Five patients showed a rise of serum creatinine of 30 μmol/l. This shows that netilmicin, similar to other aminoglycosides, is a potential nephrotoxic drug. Netilmicin appears to be an efficacious aminoglycoside and the oto- and nephrotoxicity is low, if careful attention is paid to the renal function and the serum concentrations of the drug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Treatment Outcome for Pneumonia among Pre-Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients with/without Comorbidity in a Public Hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Diana Laila Ramatillah ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Dama Puja ◽  
Usman Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
The Common

Pneumonia is one of the common complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection where most patients have moderate to severe symptoms that pose a higher risk for death. This study aims to evaluate the treatment outcome of COVID-19-associated Pneumonia among patients with/without comorbidity in a public hospital in Indonesia. This is a retrospective cohort study involving unvaccinated confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital between March and December 2020. All confirmed COVID-19 patients with Pneumonia (n = 1522) treated at the hospital were included. The majority of patients (99%) had mild COVID-19 symptoms while the remaining had moderate symptoms. The median age was about 32 years old and the average treatment duration was 6.25 ± 1.83 days. Most patients (88.8%) received a combination of azithromycin and oseltamivir. There was a very significant relationship (p < 0.001) between comorbidities with treatment and duration of treatment of Pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Although most patients had Pneumonia and comorbidities, they were successfully treated with azithromycin and oseltamivir combination following approximately five days of treatment.

Routine treatment duration for clients attending a community based anxiety disorders clinic

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Anthony Hannan ◽  
David Berle ◽  
Denise Milicevic ◽  
Erin Dale ◽  
Vladan Starcevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Treatment Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective: To determine the average duration of treatment at a community-based anxiety disorders clinic. Method: Data were collected on primary disorder, the presence of co-occurring disorders and treatment length (both in terms of number of sessions and weeks of therapy) for 248 consecutive clients. Results: The mean number of sessions was 13, and average treatment length was 29 weeks. There was substantial variation in treatment duration (range for number of sessions = 1–128, range for treatment duration = 0–186 weeks). Conclusion: Clients with anxiety disorders were often treated in relatively few sessions, in line with randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, a number of clients required many more sessions and were treated for a longer period of time than clients in RCTs. Health services should be cautious in mandating limits to therapy duration for anxiety disorders given the wide range in the duration of treatment for clients in our sample.

Causes and the way of treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers

Phlebologie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wax ◽  
A. Körber ◽  
J. Dissemond ◽  
J. Klode
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Leg Ulcer ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Chronic Leg Ulcers

SummaryChronic leg ulcer may have various causes, which are currently not centrally recorded in Germany. It is also unclear who treats patients with chronic leg ulcers in Germany and how the basic implementation of diagnosis and treatment of these patients looks like. Patients, methods: Therefore, we started a survey of 1000 general practitioners and practising specialists in dermatology, surgery and phlebology in five different regions of Germany. We carried out the genesis of a total of 6275 patients from 62 different practising therapists, 33 specialists in dermatology, surgery or phlebology and 29 general practitioners. Results: In 66.1% of all patients we found a venous leg ulcer, in 9.1% a leg ulcer from peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and in 8.5% a mixture of both. Thus there suffered a total of 83.8% of patients on chronic venous insufficiency or peripheral arterial occlusive disease as a major factor in the genesis of the chronic leg ulcer. However, even the rarely diagnosed entities such as exogenous factors, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum or infectious diseases are occur in summation in 16.2% of all patients and should therefore be known and excluded. In addition, the treatment periods and referral routes of patients with chronic leg ulcer should be identified. The analysis showed that the vast majority (86.8%) of patients with chronic ulcers who were investigated by us is treated by specialists. The treatment duration of general practitioners is 6.3 weeks (mean value) before the patient will be referred to a specialist. This treatment period is significantly shorter compared to the treatment period of the specialists, who treat their patients 14.1 weeks (mean value) before the patient will be referred to another specialist or to a clinic. Conclusion: Our results show the current aspects of aetiology and the way of treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers in Germany.

scholarly journals Duration of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Abbing ◽  
Vasiliki Koretsi ◽  
Theodore Eliades ◽  
Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objectives Adults with fixed orthodontic appliances are increasing nowadays. Compared with adolescents, adults present biological differences that might influence treatment duration. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents. Materials and methods Eight databases were searched up to September 2019 for randomized and non-randomized clinical studies comparing treatment duration with fixed appliances in adolescents and adult patients. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE. Results A total of 11 unique studies (one prospective and 10 retrospective non-randomized) with 2969 adolescents and 1380 adult patients were finally included. Meta-analysis of 7 studies found no significant difference in the duration of comprehensive treatment with fixed appliances (MD = − 0.8 month; 95% CI = − 4.2 to 2.6 months; P = 0.65; I2 = 92%) between adults and adolescents. Similarly, both distalization of upper first molars with skeletal anchorage for class II correction and the retraction of canines into the premolar extraction spaces lasted similarly long among adults and adolescents. On the other hand, alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted considerably longer in adults compared to adolescents (1 study; MD = 3.8 months; 95% CI = 1.4 to 6.2 months; P = 0.002). The quality of evidence for the meta-analysis was low due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies with considerable risk of bias. Conclusions While existing evidence does not indicate a difference in the overall duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents, the alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted significantly longer in adults. However, our confidence in these estimates is low due to the risk of bias in the included studies. Trial registration PROSPERO: (CRD42019148169)

scholarly journals Antiviral Treatment on Pregnancy with COVID-19 Infection : A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2s) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Tigor Peniel Simanjuntak ◽  
◽  
Angela Putri Kakerissa ◽  
Grady Ivan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Case

Abstract Objective to evaluate antiviral treatment, duration, and side effects on pregnant women based on gestational age and severity of COVID-19 infection. Method: a systematic review of antiviral treatment, duration, and side effects on pregnant women based on gestational age and severity of COVID-19 infection. Systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Statement. Result 948 papers accessed through Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cohcrane, and other with keywords “Antiviral”, “Pregnancy” “Pregnant” “Coronavirus” “COVID-19” “SARS-CoV-2”. Duplicate papers were excluded (n=302), topics and abstracts that do not meet the criteria (n=612), and 25 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria. 9 papers that meet the inclusion criteria (case reports and cohort retrospective case study) discussed 20 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection (16 moderate and severe cases received Remdesivir, 3 moderate and mild cases received Lopinavir-ritonavir combination, and 1 moderate case received Arbidol). Conclusion, remdesivir is an antiviral frequently used in pregnancy on trimester II and III with severe COVID-19 infection with a duration of treatment of 5-10 days. Remdesivir should be monitored because some show side effects of increasing liver function. Key word: Antiviral, Pregnant, COVID-19

scholarly journals Evaluation of subclinical cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer and arterial hypertension in two regimens of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Avalyan ◽  
E V Oshchepkova ◽  
M A Saidova ◽  
V N Shitov ◽  
E V Glazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Group 2

Objective. To study of subclinical cardiotoxicity of two anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens in breast cancer patients with normotension and arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. 119 women (mean age 48,8±10,9 years) with triple negative breast cancer were enrolled. They are received one of two chemotherapy options that differed in the intensity and duration of treatment, including the total dose of anthracyclines. Depending on the chemotherapy option, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=54) - treatment duration ≤8 weeks, cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 200 mg/m2, group 2 (n=65) - treatment duration ≤16 weeks, the cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 320 mg/m2. Before and after chemotherapy completion of all patients, the level of troponin T (h.s.) and NT-proBNP was determined, and heart ultrasound was performed, 2D and 3D speckle tracking imaging. Results. In patients who received a higher cumulative dose of doxorubicin (group 2), a statistically significant increase in biomarkers of myocardial damage was observed (h.s. troponin T before chemotherapy was 7.8±0.5 pg/ml, after chemotherapy - 55.0±7.0 pg/ml, p

Studies on Tensile and Water Absorption Properties on Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) Fibre Mat/Polyester Composite Using Chemical Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taib Mohamad Nurul Azman ◽  
Abu Kassim Masitah ◽  
Ariff Jamaludin Mohd ◽  
Ismail Tayibbah
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Polyester Composites

This research investigated the tensile and water absorption properties of kenaf fibre mat/polyester composites. Treatment using acetylation method has been introduced to improve the properties of product manufactured. The effects of acetylation treatment with three variations of time that were 1, 4 and 24 hours on the kenaf fibre mats were investigated. The MOE of the tensile of treated fibre mat/polyester composite for 1 hour was the highest with value 4589.61 MPa. The tensile strength of treated fibre mat/polyester composite for 4 hours was the highest with value 0.6213 MPa. For water absorption test, the results showed that fibre mat/polyester composite with treatment duration for 1 hour had the lowest water absorption that was 1.23% compared with treatment duration for 4 hours and 24 hours. For overall it can be concluded that the treatment duration of 1 hour was recommended for acetylation method when compared with 4 hours and 24 hours duration treatments. Using acetylation treatment on the kenaf fibre mat/polyester composites was showed improvement on composite and was recommended in short duration of treatment.

P4794Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-VKA oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with differential treatment duration: an ARISTOPHANES study analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Deitelzweig ◽  
A Keshishian ◽  
A Kang ◽  
A Dhamane ◽  
X Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background The ARISTOPHANES (Anticoagulants for Reduction In STroke: Observational Pooled analysis on Health outcomes ANd Experience of patientS) study showed that non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were associated with lower risks of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and variable comparative risks of major bleeding (MB) versus warfarin. Purpose To assess long-term use of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. warfarin in ARISTOPHANES by evaluating the risk of S/SE and MB among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients by duration of treatment (<1 and ≥1 year). Methods In the ARISTOPHANES study, NVAF patients initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from 01/01/2013–09/30/2015 were identified from the CMS Medicare data and four US commercial claims databases, covering >180 million beneficiaries annually (∼56% of US population). After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) in each database between NOACs and warfarin (apixaban-warfarin, dabigatran-warfarin, and rivaroxaban-warfarin), the resulting patient records were pooled. Treatment duration was defined as time between the day after the treatment index date and discontinuation (30 days after a 30-day gap in the prescription), treatment switch, death, end of study period, or end of continuous medical and pharmacy enrollment, whichever occurred first. Matched patients with observed treatment duration <1 or ≥1 year were separately examined. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios of S/SE and MB (identified by inpatient claims) during observed treatment duration. Results The mean treatment duration for patients with shorter (<1 year) vs longer (≥1 year) duration was 4–5 months vs 18–21 months across the three matched cohorts. All the matched baseline variables remained balanced. The incidence rates of S/SE and MB and the proportion of patients with treatment discontinuation were higher in patients with shorter treatment duration. Regardless of treatment duration, apixaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE and MB versus warfarin; dabigatran patients had a lower risk of MB versus warfarin; and rivaroxaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE versus warfarin. Compared to warfarin patients, dabigatran patients with treatment duration <1 year had a similar risk of S/SE, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had lower S/SE risk; rivaroxaban patients with treatment duration <1 year had a higher risk of MB, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had similar MB risk. Conclusions Among NVAF patients with duration of treatment <1 and ≥1 year in the ARISTOPHANES study, apixaban and rivaroxaban were associated with lower risk of S/SE, while apixaban and dabigatran were associated with lower risk of MB, compared to warfarin. These findings indicate varying long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes between NOACs and warfarin. Acknowledgement/Funding This study was funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer Inc.

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