Risk Factors and Medical Symptoms Associated With Electronic Vapor Product Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110096
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Benyo ◽  
Tyler J. Bruinsma ◽  
Elizabeth Drda ◽  
Jodi Brady-Olympia ◽  
Steven D. Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Frequent Users ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Medical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Features

The use of electronic vapor products (EVPs) has increased dramatically in the past decade. The objectives of our study were to examine the frequency of EVP use; to identify demographic characteristics, risk-taking behaviors, and beliefs about vaping; and to determine symptoms associated with EVPs among adolescents. A questionnaire addressing these objectives was administered to a convenience sample of subjects aged 12 to 23 years. Among 494 completed questionnaires, 80% of responders were considered experimenters/nonusers (never tried or tried one time) and 20% were considered frequent users (at least once a month). We identified demographic features and risk-taking behaviors associated with EVP use. In the previous 6 months, frequent users were more likely to report headache, cough, sleep disturbances, dehydration, weakness, racing heart, chest pain, and tremors. Our findings provide evidence to support efforts to decrease EVP use through screening, education, and preventative strategies.

Understanding violent extremism: Socio-demographic, criminal and psychopathological background characteristics of detainees residing in Dutch terrorism wings

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110490
Author(s):  
Gaby Thijssen ◽  
Erik Masthoff ◽  
Jelle Sijtsema ◽  
Stefan Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Insight Into

In the past decades, Europe has been shocked repeatedly by terrorist crimes. This has led to an influx of suspects and convicts of terrorism in the prison system. The aim of this study is to provide insight into socio-demographic, psychopathological and criminal background characteristics of convicted violent extremists. Retrospective analyses were conducted on primary source data from 82 convicts in Dutch prison terrorism wings. Results showed that violent extremists are a heterogeneous group regarding socio-demographic characteristics. About 60% of the population had previously been convicted of ordinary crimes and a third suffered from a mental disorder. To gain more insight into violent extremists, additional research is needed into motivational and other risk factors. The latter is a necessary step to improve the identification, risk assessment, and effective treatment of violent extremists.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using Computer-Assisted Interviewing to Enhance HIV Test Counseling in Community Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwyn T. Cohall ◽  
Sheila Dini ◽  
Yalini Senathirajah ◽  
Andrea Nye ◽  
Natalie Neu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Objectives. Significant advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) place a premium on early detection and linkage to care. Recognizing the need to efficiently yet comprehensively provide HIV counseling, we assessed the feasibility of using audio computer-assisted self-inventory (A-CASI) in a community-based HIV counseling and testing facility. Methods. A convenience sample of 50 adults presenting for HIV testing was recruited to complete an 85-item computerized HIV Assessment of Risk Inventory (HARI) containing domains of demographics, sexual behaviors, alcohol and substance use, emotional well-being, past experiences with HIV testing, and attitudes about taking HARI. Results. Client acceptance rate was limited by the completion time outlined during the intake process. However, the majority of respondents who completed HARI felt that it took only a short to moderate time to complete and was easy to understand. A majority also reported a preference for using a computerized format in the future. Further, HARI identified a number of risk-taking behaviors, including unprotected anal sex and substance use prior to past sexual encounters. Additionally, more than half of the sample reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Those respondents who had time to complete the survey accepted the A-CASI interview, and it was successful at identifying a substantial level of risk-taking behaviors. A-CASI has the potential to guide HIV counselors in providing risk-reduction counseling and referral activities. However, results suggested the need to shorten the instrument, and further studies are needed to determine applicability in other HIV testing sites.

The top six risky behaviors among Iranian university students: a national survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Younes Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Jamal Ahmadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
General Health ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Abstract Background Multiple risk-taking behaviors are associated with increased risk of poor educational attainment, morbidity and premature mortality. This study involved a large representative sample of Iranian university students addressing multiple risk behaviors and associated factors. Methods This cross-sectional study included 4261 participants, involving 13 medical universities throughout the country in 2017. The following six risky behaviors were addressed: (a) smoking cigarettes during the past month, (b) using some kinds of illicit drugs during the past month, (c) drinking alcohol during the past month, (d) engaging unprotected sex during the past year, (e) having suicidal ideation during the past month or attempting suicide in the past year, (f) and Internet addiction. The 20-item internet addiction test and the 28-item general health questionnaire were used. Results Almost 37.3% of the participants engaged in at least one out of six risky behaviors. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 24.5%, cigarette smoking 13.5%, alcohol use 7.8%, illicit drug abuse 4.9%, unprotected sex 7.8%, suicidal ideation 7.4%, attempting suicide 1.7% and general health problems 38.9%. Conclusion A majority of the Iranian university students studied engaged in at least one risky behavior. Engaging in one risky behavior increases the risk of engaging in other risk-taking behaviors.

Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

AbstractObjectivesRisk-taking behaviors among adolescents can negatively affect different dimensions of their health. This study was conducted to identify the gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in a Muslim population.MethodsGrade 10 students studying in high schools located in Kerman Province, Iran were enrolled through cluster sampling (n=2,676), and data were collected using a well-validated questionnaire about violence, sexual behaviors, and traffic-related conduct over the past 12 months. The tool also consisted questions regarding drug use over the past 30 days and over lifetime (i. e., current and ever use of drugs, respectively)ResultsThe number of female participants was 1,407 (52.6%). The boys who had girlfriends (33.0%) were almost twice as many as the girls who had boyfriends (17.1%). Among the respondents, 27.8 and 12.0% of the boys and girls engaged in physical fighting, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of water pipe use in the last 30 days (18.7%) and over lifetime (43.5%) was higher than that of the consumption of other substances. The second and third most popular substances used in the past 30 days among boys and girls were alcohol and cigarettes and cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. On the whole, marijuana figured in the lowest lifetime use among the respondents.ConclusionsThe rate of risk-taking behaviors in female students was lower than in males, and this difference was more evident than in Western countries. This discrepancy seems to be more obvious in cases where the religious prohibition of a behavior is greater such as extramarital intimacy.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and HIV Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Young Adults in Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1710-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin VanderEnde ◽  
Laura Chiang ◽  
James Mercy ◽  
Mary Shawa ◽  
Justin Hamela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Hiv Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exhibit a dose–response association with poor health outcomes in adulthood, including HIV. In this analysis, we explored the relationship between ACEs and HIV sexual risk-taking behaviors among young adults in Malawi. We analyzed responses from sexually active 19- to 24-year-old males and females ( n = 610) participating in the Malawi Violence Against Children Survey. We tested the association between respondents’ exposure to six ACEs (having experienced emotional, physical, or sexual violence; witnessing intimate partner violence or an attack in the community; one or both parents died) and infrequent condom use in the past year and multiple sexual partners in the past year. We used logistic regression to test the association between ACEs and these sexual risk-taking behaviors. A majority (82%) of respondents reported at least 1 ACE, and 29% reported 3+ ACEs. We found positive unadjusted associations between the number of ACEs (1-2 and 3+ vs. none) and both outcomes. In adjusted models, we found positive associations between the number of ACEs and infrequent condom use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.0, 7.8]; aOR: 3.7, CI: [1.3, 11.1]). Among young adults in Malawi, exposure to ACEs is positively associated, in a dose–response fashion, with engaging in some sexual risk-taking behaviors. HIV prevention efforts in Malawi may benefit from prioritizing programs and policies aimed at preventing and responding to violence against children.

Adolescent Health: Is It Now on the Nation's Agenda?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-777
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY ◽  
MICHAEL I. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Health Supervision ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Increase In Risk

The Office of Technology Assessment has a deserved reputation for issuing high-quality, if hard-nosed and critical reports. Pediatricians reacted somewhat skeptically to their earlier report on child health,1 which stated that there was little evidence for the efficacy of the number of health supervision visits that are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We urge you not to let that report scare you off from a new report on adolescents.2 It is very comprehensive, and should go far to put adolescents on the national agenda. It is passionate, yet based on careful analysis of data. It documents the increase in risk-taking behaviors, with a concomitant decrease in healthy life-styles, among many adolescents over the past two decades.

Active screening of suicide risk in an adolescent population

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1610-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cosman ◽  
B. Nemes ◽  
D.C. Herta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

IntroductionSuicide has emerged as one of the most important causes of death in the age group 15–34 and ranks as the second cause of death after traffic accidents and other injuries in the age group 15–19. In Europe, more than 13,000 young men and women aged 15–24 die by suicide each year. Therefore, identifying risk factors for suicidal behavior has become a priority, and suicide prevention in the young population is a major area of interest for public health professionals, stakeholders and researchers.AimTo actively screen for a range of unhealthy behaviors used as cut-offs in the Romanian SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) sample, and to assess their significance as risk factors for suicidal behavior.Method1143 9th grade pupils aged between 14 and 16 from 16 high schools in two counties in North-Western Romania were randomized in the SEYLE protocol. They were screened for suicidal ideation and behavior, depression, anxiety and a number of risk-taking behaviors: non-suicidal self injury, unhealthy eating behavior, sensation seeking & delinquent behavior, substance abuse, increased exposure to media, limited social relationships, bullying, and truancy.Results and conclusionsSuicidal behavior in adolescents is commonly associated with anxiety and a number of risk-taking behaviors, which may be used as warning signs while actively screening for suicide risk in adolescent populations. Although a high number of at-risk pupils were identified at baseline, no completed or attempted suicides were recorded in the assessed sample at 3-months follow-up.

scholarly journals Dissecting the shared genetic architecture of suicide attempt, psychiatric disorders and known risk factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Mullins ◽  
Jooeun Kang ◽  
Adrian I Campos ◽  
Jonathan R I Coleman ◽  
Alexis C Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide and non-fatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both are known to have a substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium and conditioned the results on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics, to investigate their shared and divergent genetic architectures. Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, which remained associated after conditioning and has previously been implicated in risk-taking, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, lower socioeconomic status, pain, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, risk-taking, sleep disturbances, and poorer overall general health. After conditioning, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with non-psychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest the existence of a shared genetic etiology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.

Drowning

2020 ◽  
pp. 624-626
Author(s):  
Mark Zhang ◽  
Emily Rose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Drowning is a significant cause of preventable death in children worldwide. Approximately half of all drowning events occur in pools. Roughly half of all infant drownings occur in bathtubs and have a significant association with child neglect or even inflicted injury. Risk factors for drowning include children younger than age 5 years (associated with inadequate supervision or inappropriate barriers) and adolescents and young adults aged 15–25 years (associated with risk-taking behaviors). Many children survive drowning events—some without significant sequelae, whereas others survive neurologically devastated. The challenge for emergency providers is to successfully and adequately resuscitate potential survivors while ensuring an optimal neurological outcome.

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