The Implications of Crime Control Policy on HIV/AIDS-Related Risk among Women Prisoners

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Marquart ◽  
Victoria E. Brewer ◽  
Janet Mullings ◽  
Ben M. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study examined the relationship between offense, prior drug taking, and HIV/AIDS-related risk behavior among women prisoners. Women drug offenders in this study engaged in numerous high-risk drug and sexual behaviors. Many had engaged in injection drug use and prostitution. Recent drug control policies, grounded in deterrence and based on harsh legal penalties, have led to the incarceration of numerous offenders who are low criminal risks but represent major public health risks on release. Criminal justice policies penalizing drug users may be contributing factors to the spread of HIV infection in the wider society.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Pengguna Napza Suntik (Studi Epidemiologi Di Kota Pontianak)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sumini Sumini ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Anies Anies ◽  
Budi Laksono ◽  
Muchlis AU Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) are play role of high risk of HIV infection due to sexual behaviors that do not use condoms and use of unsterile needles. The high productive age group affected by HIV/AIDS and death, then the lower life expectancy, availability and productivity of the workforce. The purpose of the study proved that individual and environmental factors are risk factors for the incidence of HIV / AIDS among injecting drug users.Method: This observational analytic study, with the design of the case control study equipped with a qualitative approach of risk factors retrospectively. The target population of the study were IDUs in Pontianak with a sample of 96 people consisting of 48 cases of HIV/AIDS and 48 were IDUs not control HIV/AIDS. The sampling method is non-probability sampling study with consecutive sampling manner. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate using chi- square test and multivariate logistic regression test.Results: Multivariate analysis of four variables associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDSamong IDUs is married status (OR = 5,57), had sexual intercourse more than two people (OR =4,13), frequency of injecting drugs > 6 time / week yet (OR = 3,71), and not / do not work (OR= 3,28)Conclusion: Risk factors were shown to influence: the married status, had sexual intercourse more than ≥ 2 people, frequency of injecting drugs > 6 times / week and not/do not work yet.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Pengguna Napza Suntik (Studi Epidemiologi Di Kota Pontianak)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sumini Sumini ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Anies Anies ◽  
Budi Laksono ◽  
Muchlis AU Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) are play role of high risk of HIV infection due to sexual behaviors that do not use condoms and use of unsterile needles. The high productive age group affected by HIV/AIDS and death, then the lower life expectancy, availability and productivity of the workforce. The purpose of the study proved that individual and environmental factors are risk factors for the incidence of HIV / AIDS among injecting drug users.Method: This observational analytic study, with the design of the case control study equipped with a qualitative approach of risk factors retrospectively. The target population of the study were IDUs in Pontianak with a sample of 96 people consisting of 48 cases of HIV/AIDS and 48 were IDUs not control HIV/AIDS. The sampling method is non-probability sampling study with consecutive sampling manner. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate using chi- square test and multivariate logistic regression test.Results: Multivariate analysis of four variables associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDSamong IDUs is married status (OR = 5,57), had sexual intercourse more than two people (OR =4,13), frequency of injecting drugs > 6 time / week yet (OR = 3,71), and not / do not work (OR= 3,28)Conclusion: Risk factors were shown to influence: the married status, had sexual intercourse more than ≥ 2 people, frequency of injecting drugs > 6 times / week and not/do not work yet.

scholarly journals Knowledge of sex workers about HIV/AIDS and its influence on sexual practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1317
Author(s):  
Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo Patrício ◽  
Valéria Peixoto Bezerra ◽  
Jordana Almeida Nogueira ◽  
Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes Moreira ◽  
Brígido Vizeu Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective: assess the knowledge of sex workers about HIV/AIDS and its influence on sexual practices. Method: Ninety women participated in the study. The Scientific Knowledge Test about HIV/AIDS and sexual practices was used. The Wald test was applied to verify the relationship between knowledge and sexual practices with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results: the score of 61.7% of correct answers in all three dimensions stands out; 72.2% have sexual intercourse without a condom in exchange for a large amount of money; 53.3% have sex during the menstrual period; 62.2% have sexual intercourse with drug users; 75.6% have sex with clients showing lesions on the penis or anus. The B coefficient (-0.19) showed that the higher the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the lower the practice of risky sexual behaviors. Conclusion: the influence of knowledge about HIV/AIDS on sexual practices was not statistically significant, but the sexual practices and insufficient knowledge about prevention, physiological and behavioral attributes were observed.

scholarly journals THE PERCEPTIONS OF INDONESIAN JUDGES IN SENTENCING MINOR DRUG OFFENDERS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cecep Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Sentencing Decisions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug Prohibition

This paper presents the perceptions of Indonesian Judges in sentencing minor drug offenders. The judge holds a central role in the sentencing process, and because of the judicial discretion they can use it is essential to understand how judges come to their sentencing decisions. To develop an understanding of how judges perceive their actions in decision-making and sentencing of drug users, a total of 31 participants were interviewed. The data demonstrated that the majority of minor drug offenders are from poorer backgrounds. Poverty was found to lead people to the drug culture. Moreover, lack of understanding of the harm caused by taking drugs and living under drug prohibition were considered as contributing factors to people involved in minor drug offences. Thus, minor drug offenders are considered by judges as victims of their circumstances. Within structural inequality, the imposition of harsh sentencing to minor drug offenders who suffer from socio-economic problems raises issues surrounding justice. Within the current legal structure of Indonesian courts, which are primarily retributive and have drug prohibitionist policies, the majority of participating judges consider drug sentencing as reflecting those prohibitionist policies. However, a substantial minority of participating judges interpreted the form of the sentence within available limits. These findings will contribute to the sociological understanding of the context in which judicial culture shaped the formation of the judiciary as a group and the impact of Islamic culture on the participating judge’s positive preference for rehabilitative problem-solving in the Indonesian context.

Drug Control Policy, Normalization, and Symbolic Boundaries in Amsterdam’s Coffee Shops

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Timothy Dickinson ◽  
Scott Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Symbolic Boundaries ◽  
Drug Control Policy ◽  
Hard Drugs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
Coffee Shops ◽  
Symbolic Boundary

Abstract This study examines the relationship between drug control policy, normalization and symbolic boundary work among drug traders. Taking from interviews with 50 personnel in Amsterdam’s coffee shops, we find that Dutch drug policy shapes their understanding of what comprises morally acceptable drug use and sales. Conversely, the rules set by the state also guide personnel’s definitions of what is morally unacceptable: using hard drugs or committing predatory crimes. To normalize their own involvement with cannabis, personnel must identify potential rule breakers and criminals. To do so, they construct symbolic boundaries differentiating themselves from these persons. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings for normalization and symbolic boundaries and by suggesting a potential negative secondary impact of cannabis decriminalization or legalization: the further marginalization of hard drug users.

scholarly journals STUDENT PERCEPTION ABOUT HIV / AIDS WITH THE STIGMATIZATION OF PLWHA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pius A. L. Berek ◽  
Maria Dominggas Taus ◽  
Maria Huring ◽  
Christina Anugrahini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

Cases of HIV / AIDS until now is increasing and has not found a cure. Listed as one of the most deadly diseases. The cause of this disease because of sex is not healthy, drug users using needles infected with HIV / AIDS, blood transfusions, babies born to positive mothers infected with HIV / AIDS. Their underlying cause of the disease is that there are some people who have a negative perception so that they will give a stigma for people living with HIV. It also extended to the campus community. This study Aimed to identify the relationship between the student persespsi with stigmatization of PLWHA. The approach used is quantitative approach with cross sectional study design. Reviews These samples included 236 students. Data analysis using chi square. Based on test results Obtained statistical value of p = 0.000, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between students' perceptions about HIV / AIDS with the stigmatization of PLWHA. From the results Obtained by analysis of the value OR = 5.844, it means that students who have positive perceptions about HIV / AIDS have the opportunity to give 5,844 times stigmatization for people living with HIV than students who have a negative perception. Suggestion: it is Necessary to access the latest information on HIV / AIDS in order to Broaden so as to change the wrong perceptions about HIV / AIDS so that no stigma for people living with HIV

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document