Review Article : Rebuilding the Matrix

2002 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Michael Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
The Matrix

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil—State of Art

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Asma Yakdhane ◽  
Sabrine Labidi ◽  
Donia Chaabane ◽  
Anita Tolnay ◽  
Arijit Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Matrix

Microencapsulation is a well-known technology for the lipid delivery system. It prevents the oxidation of fatty acids and maintains the quality of lipid after extraction from oil seed and processing. In flaxseed oil, the amount of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are 39.90–60.42% and 12.25–17.44%, respectively. A comprehensive review article on the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil has not been published yet. Realizing the great advantages of flaxseed oil, information about different technologies related to the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil and their characteristics are discussed in a comprehensive way, in this review article. To prepare the microcapsule of flaxseed oil, an emulsion of oil-water is performed along with a wall material (matrix), followed by drying with a spray-dryer or freeze-dryer. Different matrices, such as plant and animal-based proteins, maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and modified starch are used for the encapsulation of flaxseed oil. In some cases, emulsifiers, such as Tween 80 and soya lecithin are used to prepare flaxseed oil microcapsules. Physico-chemical and bio-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil microcapsules depend on process parameters, ratio of oil and matrix, and characteristics of the matrix. As an example, the size of the microcapsule, prepared with spray-drying and freeze-drying ranges between 10–400 and 20–5000 μm, respectively. It may be considered that the comprehensive information on the encapsulation of flaxseed oil will boost the development of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals.

Self-healing organic coatings based on microcapsules – A patent-based review

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Moreira Schlemper ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Pezzin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Healing Agent

: Self-healing coatings are intended to increase long-term durability and reliability and can be enabled by the presence of microcapsules containing a self-healing agent capable of interacting with the matrix and regenerating the system. This review article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, focusing on the patents published in the field of microcapsule-based self-healing organic coatings, since the early 2000’s. A discussion about coatings for corrosion protection and the different self-healing approaches and mechanisms are also addressed, as well as future challenges and expectations for this kind of coatings.

Relativistic calculation of the K-LL Auger spectrum

1976 ◽  
Vol 350 (1662) ◽  
pp. 381-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Auger Spectrum ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Intermediate Coupling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Relativistic Analogue ◽  
First Time

Relativistic calculations for the K-LL Auger spectrum are given for a wide range of atomic number. For the first time to our knowledge, a relativistic analogue of intermediate coupling with configuration interaction is applied to this spectrum. In the calculations use has been made of the binding energies of K and L electrons compiled by Sevier, the relativistic Slater integrals and relaxation term calculated by Larkins and the matrix elements for the K-LL transitions calculated by Bhalla and Ramsdale. Our results fit favourably with the experimental results tabulated in the review article of Burhop & Asaad (1972). Comparison of the relativistic Auger transition rates with the corresponding nonrelativistic values calculated with the matrix elements of Walters & Bhalla (1971) is also made.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Khushalrao Tijare ◽  
Rangari Nt ◽  
Mahajan Un
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bioanalytical Method ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Method Development And Validation ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Nonclinical Study

ABSTRACTIn this review article, bioanalytical methods are widely used to quantitate drugs and their metabolites in plasma matrices and the methods should beapplied to studies in areas of human clinical and nonhuman study. Bioanalytical method employed for the quantitative estimation of drugs and theirmetabolites in biological media and plays an important role in estimation and interpretation of bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokineticstudies. The major bioanalytical role is method development, method validation, and sample analysis. Every step in the method must be investigatedto decide the extent to which environment, matrix, or procedural variables can interfere the estimation of analyte in the matrix from the time of setup to the time of analysis. Techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography coupled with double massspectrometry (LCMS-MS) can be used for the bioanalysis of drugs in body. Each of the instruments has its own merits and demerits. Chromatographicmethods are HPLC and gas chromatography have been mainly used for the bioanlysis of small/ large molecules, with LC/MS/MS. Linearity, accuracy,precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability are some of the regularly used parameters. In this review article, we are proposedto add some points regarding bioanalytical method development and validation parameter, beneficial to quality assurance to determine the drug,concentration and its metabolite.Keywords: Method development, Clinical and nonclinical study, Analyte, Validation of bioanlysis techniques, Validation parameter.

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Food Analysis

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera ◽  
María Asensio-Ramos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Analysis ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Review Article ◽  
General View ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Considerable Simplification ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

Nanotechnology has become a topic of interest due to the outstanding advantages that the use of nanomaterials offers in many fields. Among them, magnetic nanoparticles (m-NPs) have been one of the most widely applied in recent years. In addition to the unique features of nanomaterials in general, which exclusively appear at nanoscale, these present magnetic or paramagnetic properties that result of great interest in many applications. In particular, in the area of food analysis, the use of these nanomaterials has undergone a considerable increase since they can be easily separated from the matrix in sorbent-based extractions, providing a considerable simplification of the procedures. This allows reducing cost and giving fast responses, which is essential in the food trade to guarantee consumer safety. These materials can also be easily tunable, providing higher selectivity. Moreover, their particular electrical, thermal and optical characteristics allow enhancing sensor signals, increasing the sensitivity of the approaches based on this type of device. The aim of this review article is to summarise the most remarkable applications of m-NPs in food analysis in the last five years (2016–2020) showing a general view of the use of such materials in the field.

Desiderata in connection by the calibration of the MK-system

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Intrinsic Colour

This is only an informal remark about some difficulties I am worrying about.I have tried to recalibrate the MK system in terms of intrinsic colour (B–V)0and absolute magnitudeMv. The procedures used have been described in a review article by Voigt (Mitt. Astr. Ges.1963, p. 25–35), and the results for stars of the luminosity classes Ia-O,I and II have been given also in Blaauw's article on the calibration of luminosity criteria in vol. III (Basic Astronomical Data, p. 401) ofStars and Stellar Systems.

Crystalloid Inclusions in Hepatocyte Mitochondria and Their Similarity to Cytoplasmic Crystalloids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Mitochondrial Alterations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystalloid Inclusions ◽  
Liver Biopsies

Mitochondrial alterations were studied in 25 liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Of special interest were the morphologic resemblance of certain fine structural variations in mitochondria and crystalloid inclusions. Four types of alterations within mitochondria were found that seemed to relate to cytoplasmic crystalloids.Type 1 alteration consisted of localized groups of cristae, usually oriented in the long direction of the organelle (Fig. 1A). In this plane they appeared serrated at the periphery with blind endings in the matrix. Other sections revealed a system of equally-spaced diagonal lines lengthwise in the mitochondrion with cristae protruding from both ends (Fig. 1B). Profiles of this inclusion were not unlike tangential cuts of a crystalloid structure frequently seen in enlarged mitochondria described below.

Coherency loss in γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
R. A. Ricks ◽  
Angus J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Interfacial Dislocations ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Coherency Loss ◽  
Nimonic 115

During a recent investigation concerning the growth of γ' precipitates in nickel-base superalloys it was observed that the sign of the lattice mismatch between the coherent particles and the matrix (γ) was important in determining the ease with which matrix dislocations could be incorporated into the interface to relieve coherency strains. Thus alloys with a negative misfit (ie. the γ' lattice parameter was smaller than the matrix) could lose coherency easily and γ/γ' interfaces would exhibit regularly spaced networks of dislocations, as shown in figure 1 for the case of Nimonic 115 (misfit = -0.15%). In contrast, γ' particles in alloys with a positive misfit could grow to a large size and not show any such dislocation arrangements in the interface, thus indicating that coherency had not been lost. Figure 2 depicts a large γ' precipitate in Nimonic 80A (misfit = +0.32%) showing few interfacial dislocations.

Influence of Heat Treatments on Microstructures in an Fe-Co-V Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan ◽  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
J. E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Supersaturated Solid Solution ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Iced Brine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bcc Structure

The microstructural changes in an Fe-Co-V alloy (composition by wt.%: 2.97 V, 48.70 Co, 47.34 Fe and balance impurities, such as C, P and Ni) resulting from different heat treatments have been evaluated by optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that, on air cooling or quenching into iced-brine from the high temperature single phase ϒ (fcc) field, vanadium can be retained in a supersaturated solid solution (α2) which has bcc structure. For the range of cooling rates employed, a portion of the material appears to undergo the γ-α2 transformation massively and the remainder martensitically. Figure 1 shows dislocation topology in a region that may have transformed martensitically. Dislocations are homogeneously distributed throughout the matrix, and there is no evidence for cell formation. The majority of the dislocations project along the projections of <111> vectors onto the (111) plane, implying that they are predominantly of screw character.

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