scholarly journals The Declining Effects of Osha Inspections on Manufacturing Injuries, 1979–1998

ILR Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne B. Gray ◽  
John M. Mendeloff
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rates ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of OSHA inspections on injuries in manufacturing plants. The authors use the same model and some of the same plant-level data employed by several earlier studies that found large effects of OSHA inspections on injuries for 1979–85. These new estimates indicate that an OSHA inspection imposing a penalty reduced lost-workday injuries by about 19% in 1979–85, but that this effect fell to 11% in 1987–91, and to a statistically insignificant 1% in 1992–98. The authors cannot fully explain this overall decline, which they find for nearly all subgroups they examine—by inspection type, establishment size, and industry, for example. Among other findings are that, across the years studied, inspections with penalties were more effective than those without, and the effects on injury rates were greater in smaller plants and nonunion plants than in large plants and union plants.

scholarly journals Co-location of Formal and Informal Manufacturing and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110401
Author(s):  
Renjith Ramachandran ◽  
Subash Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of co-location between formal and informal manufacturing sectors on plant-level productivity. We employ a unique data obtained by merging plant-level data from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI 2011–2012) and Survey of Unorganised Manufacturing and Repairing Enterprises provided by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO 67th round). We find that formal and informal manufacturing plants gain from localisation. Further, co-location with informal enterprises has a positive impact on productivity of formal sector plants; however, we observe insignificant impact of co-location on informal sector enterprises. Additionally, we find evidence that informal sector enterprises benefit from industrially diversified regions. JEL Classifications: D24, R12, R3

Services input and productivity in Indian manufacturing plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Bishwanath Goldar
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Contract Workers ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse econometrically determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in Indian manufacturing plants with a focus on the influence of services input on productivity. Design/methodology/approach Plant-level data drawn from Annual Survey of Industries for the years 1998-1999 to 2012-2013 are used for the estimation of TFP at plant-level by applying the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain variations in plant-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are services input intensity (split into manufacturing services purchased and other services), the share of information communication technology (ICT) assets in total fixed capital stock, the share of contract workers in total workers and the share of imported materials out of total materials used, with plant size taken as a control variable. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed effects model. Findings Econometric results indicate that services input and ICT intensity have a significant positive effect on productivity of manufacturing plants in India. Use of imported materials raises productivity, whereas the use of contract workers in place of regular workers tends to lower productivity. The impact of imported materials on TFP of manufacturing plants seems to be relatively bigger for labour-intensive, low technology industries. Originality/value Care has been taken for TFP measurement. Analysis of the impact of services input on TFP has been undertaken for Indian manufacturing using plant-level data for the first time.

Organizational Form and Trade Liberalization: Plant-Level Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John (Jianqiu) Bai
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aggregate Industry

This paper studies how firms’ internal organization shapes the impact of international trade. Using establishment-level data from the U.S. Census and a difference-in-difference specification, I find that, relative to standalone firms, conglomerates are more likely to restructure after trade liberalization episodes, focusing on their core competency and improving firm productivity and product market performance. Adjustments through the extensive margin account for the majority of the productivity growth differential between conglomerates and standalones experiencing trade shocks. Aggregate industry productivity remains relatively unchanged in industries dominated by conglomerates’ core business but decreases significantly in others. My findings suggest that firms’ internal organization has important consequences on the effects of trade policies. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

scholarly journals Import Liberalization of Intermediates and Environment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yun He ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Composition ◽  
Level Lowering

This paper investigates how the import liberalization of intermediates affects firm-level pollution emissions. We divide the impact of freer import of intermediates on pollution emissions into induced scale, composition and technique effects and then develop interaction terms to examine these effects. Relying on a panel of plant-level data from China manufacturing sector for the period 2001 to 2007, we find freer import of intermediate inputs is conducive to pollution reductions at the plant level, lowering pollution via induced technique and composition effects and, in turn, increasing emission through induced scale effect. In summary, import liberalization of intermediate inputs can contribute to the better environmental performance of China manufacturing sector.

The Impact of Inspections on Plant-Level Air Emissions

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rema Nadeem Hanna ◽  
Paulina Oliva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Each year, the United States conducts approximately 20,000 inspections of manufacturing plants under the Clean Air Act. This paper compiles a panel dataset on plant-level inspections, fines, and emissions to understand whether these inspections actually reduce air emissions. We find plants reduce air emissions by fifteen percent, on average, following an inspection under the Clean Air Act. Plants that belong to industries that typically have low abatement costs respond more strongly to an inspection than those who belong to industries with high abatement costs.

scholarly journals Pollution Abatement Expenditure by U.S. Manufacturing Plants: Do Community Characteristics Matter?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy A Becker
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Air Pollution Abatement

Abstract This paper examines whether community characteristics impact the air pollution abatement (APA) activity at nearby manufacturing plants, using establishment-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures (PACE) survey. Controlling for facility characteristics and various forms of formal environmental regulation, certain community characteristics are found to have additional effects on local APA expenditures. In particular, for the most pollution-intensive industries, larger per capita income is found to increase plant-level APA activity, as is a higher degree of homeownership, a greater concentration of Democratic voters, and being located in a metropolitan area. Meanwhile, a greater presence of manufacturing employees is found to decrease APA expenditures, suggesting a constituency that is more resistant to additional regulation. If local populations can indeed affect pollution abatement activity, they can impact the spatial distribution of pollution, thereby creating pollution haven effects.

Costly Jobs: Trade-related Layoffs, Government Compensation, and Voting in U.S. Elections

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOTAM MARGALIT
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Income Assistance ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The U.S

Does globalization's impact on the labor market affect how people vote? I address this question using a new dataset based on plant-level data that measures the impact of foreign competition on the U.S. workforce over an 8-year period. Analyzing change in the president's vote share, I find that voters were substantially more sensitive to the loss of local jobs when it resulted from foreign competition, particularly from offshoring, than to job losses caused by other factors. Yet, I also find that between 2000 and 2004, the anti-incumbent effect of trade-related job losses was smaller in areas where the government certified more of the harmed workers to receive special job training and income assistance. The findings have implications for understanding the impact of international economic integration on voting behavior, as well as for assessing the electoral effect of government programs designed to compensate the losers from globalization.

scholarly journals Agglomeration and Productivity: Evidence from Indian Manufactuaring

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Renjith Ramachandran ◽  
Ketan Reddy ◽  
Subash Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity Gains

This study analyses the impact of industrial agglomeration on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian manufacturing. We employ plant-level data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) to measure TFP and industrial agglomeration. Our econometric analysis discerns a positive impact of industrial agglomeration on plant productivity. In addition, we find that the larger plants are the beneficiaries of productivity gains associated with agglomeration. Further, our findings are robust to alternate measures of TFP.

scholarly journals Reallocation and Technology: Evidence from the US Steel Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Collard-Wexler ◽  
Jan De Loecker
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

We measure the impact of a drastic new technology for producing steel—the minimill—on industry-wide productivity in the US steel industry, using unique plant-level data between 1963 and 2002. The sharp increase in the industry's productivity is linked to this new technology through two distinct mechanisms: (i ) the mere displacement of the older technology (vertically integrated producers) was responsible for a third of the increase in the industry's productivity, and (ii ) increased competition, due the minimill expansion, drove a productivity resurgence at the surviving vertical integrated producers and, consequently, the productivity of the industry as a whole. (JEL D24, L13, L23, L61, M11, O31, O33)

scholarly journals Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ashraf ◽  
Ali Nazemi ◽  
Amir AghaKouchak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Storage Basin ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

AbstractUsing publicly-available average monthly groundwater level data in 478 sub-basins and 30 basins in Iran, we quantify country-wide groundwater depletion in Iran. Natural and anthropogenic elements affecting the dynamics of groundwater storage are taken into account and quantified during the period of 2002–2015. We estimate that the total groundwater depletion in Iran to be ~ 74 km3 during this period with highly localized and variable rates of change at basin and sub-basin scales. The impact of depletion in Iran’s groundwater reserves is already manifested by extreme overdrafts in ~ 77% of Iran’s land area, a growing soil salinity across the entire country, and increasing frequency and extent of land subsidence in Iran’s planes. While meteorological/hydrological droughts act as triggers and intensify the rate of depletion in country-wide groundwater storage, basin-scale groundwater depletions in Iran are mainly caused by extensive human water withdrawals. We warn that continuation of unsustainable groundwater management in Iran can lead to potentially irreversible impacts on land and environment, threatening country’s water, food, socio-economic security.

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